Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55909
M. Kazemi, A. Mokhtarpour
A diverse group of rangeland-medicinal plants are being used by ruminant whilst some of them have not been assessed for their nutritional value. This study was aimed to evaluate the chemical and mineral composition, buffering capacity, and in vitro fermentation of some rangeland-medicinal plants including Thymus kotschyanus, Ziziphora persica, Lallemantia royleana, and Scutellaria litwinowii in the family Lamiaceae, and Hypericum scabrum, in the family Hypericaceae. The results indicated that crude protein (CP) content ranged from 8.66% (S. litwinowii) to 12.17% of DM (H. scabrum). It was found that Z. persica had the highest potential gas production, metabolism energy (ME), relative feed value (RFV), and dry matter digestibility (DMD) values of 53.44 (mL 200-1 mg DM), 5.84 (MJ kg-1 DM), 170.66 and 70.88%, respectively. Mineral content differed among plants; Ca ranged from 5.79 to 41.96 g kg-1 DM. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Co were highest for L. royleana. Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and propionate concentrations were highest in the culture medium cultured with Z. persica, however, acetate, and butyrate were highest in H. scabrum. Acid-base buffering capacity was lower in T. kotschyanus and H. scabrum compared to other plants, while it was higher in S. litwinowii. Overall, it can be concluded that among plants evaluated in this study, Z. persica had higher nutritional value for sheep feeding.
反刍动物正在使用多种牧场药用植物，而其中一些植物的营养价值尚未得到评估。本研究旨在评价几种草地药用植物的化学成分、矿物质组成、缓冲能力和体外发酵性能，其中包括金丝桃科的麝香草、紫皮草、小木犀草、黄芩和金丝桃科的金丝桃。结果表明，粗蛋白质(CP)含量为DM的8.66% (S. litwinowii) ~ 12.17% (H. scabrum)。结果表明，核桃的潜在产气量、代谢能、相对饲料值和干物质消化率分别为53.44 (mL 200-1 mg DM)、5.84 (MJ kg-1 DM)、170.66和70.88%。不同植物间矿物质含量存在差异;Ca含量在5.79 ~ 41.96 g kg-1 DM之间，以L. royleana的Ca、K、Mg、Fe、Zn和Co含量最高。总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和丙酸浓度在桃仁中最高，而乙酸和丁酸浓度在海鞘中最高。与其他植物相比，黄菖蒲和黄菖蒲的酸碱缓冲能力较低，而黄菖蒲的酸碱缓冲能力较高。综上所述，在本研究评价的植物中，核桃具有较高的饲用营养价值。
{"title":"Chemical, mineral composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation and buffering capacity of some rangeland-medicinal plants","authors":"M. Kazemi, A. Mokhtarpour","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55909","url":null,"abstract":"A diverse group of rangeland-medicinal plants are being used by ruminant whilst some of them have not been assessed for their nutritional value. This study was aimed to evaluate the chemical and mineral composition, buffering capacity, and in vitro fermentation of some rangeland-medicinal plants including Thymus kotschyanus, Ziziphora persica, Lallemantia royleana, and Scutellaria litwinowii in the family Lamiaceae, and Hypericum scabrum, in the family Hypericaceae. The results indicated that crude protein (CP) content ranged from 8.66% (S. litwinowii) to 12.17% of DM (H. scabrum). It was found that Z. persica had the highest potential gas production, metabolism energy (ME), relative feed value (RFV), and dry matter digestibility (DMD) values of 53.44 (mL 200-1 mg DM), 5.84 (MJ kg-1 DM), 170.66 and 70.88%, respectively. Mineral content differed among plants; Ca ranged from 5.79 to 41.96 g kg-1 DM. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Co were highest for L. royleana. Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and propionate concentrations were highest in the culture medium cultured with Z. persica, however, acetate, and butyrate were highest in H. scabrum. Acid-base buffering capacity was lower in T. kotschyanus and H. scabrum compared to other plants, while it was higher in S. litwinowii. Overall, it can be concluded that among plants evaluated in this study, Z. persica had higher nutritional value for sheep feeding.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90142297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55786
V. B. Santos, Diego Azevedo Teixeira, V. Gomes, Vinícius Vasconcelos Silva, Marcos Vinicius de Almeida, R. A. S. Salomão
The growth of generations of the Genomar Supreme Tilapia (GST) strain, specifically G20 and G25, was evaluated. Tilapias 8 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system with 0.25 m³ tanks, 80 fish m-³, with four replicates. During growth, eight fish from each tank were weighed and measured at day 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210. Survival, weight gain, feed conversion and batch homogeneity were determined. Weight-age data were fit to Gompertz model. In addition, absolute and relative growth rates and weight and age at inflection were determined. Final weight showed 26.7% higher in G25 when compared to G20 (920.05 and 725.87 g, respectively). The feed conversion and homogeneity indexes were better in G25 than G20. The estimate of asymptotic weight was higher in G25 (1202.0 g) when compared to G20 (912.7 g). G20 presented smaller weight (335.76 g), age (108.87 days) and absolute growth rate (4.87 g day-1) when compared with G25 (442.19 g, 113.77 days and 6.41 g day-1). Carcass characteristics were similar, but G25 presented about 25% higher fillet weight than G20. After five years in the GST breeding program, results indicated that a sustained improvement of harvest weight was achieved, as well as 6 to 10% gain in performance by generation.
对GST (Genomar Supreme Tilapia)菌株，特别是G20和G25的生长进行了评价。8 g罗非鱼在0.25 m³水箱的循环水养殖系统中饲养，80鱼m-³，4个重复。在生长过程中，分别于第1、30、60、90、120、150、180和210天对每个鱼缸中的8尾鱼进行称重和测量。测定成活率、增重、饲料系数和批次均匀性。体重-年龄数据采用Gompertz模型拟合。此外，还测定了绝对和相对生长率以及拐点时的体重和年龄。与20国集团相比，G25的最终重量增加了26.7%(分别为920.05克和725.87克)。饲料转化率和均匀性指标在G25组优于G20组。与G25 (442.19 g, 113.77 d, 6.41 g day-1)相比，G25 (1202.0 g)的渐近体重估估值高于G20 (912.7 g)。与G25 (442.19 g, 113.77 d, 6.41 g day-1)相比，G20的体重(335.76 g)、年龄(108.87 d)和绝对生长率(4.87 g day-1)较小。胴体特性相似，但G25的鱼片重比G20高25%左右。经过5年的GST育种计划，结果表明，收获重量得到了持续的改善，每代的生产性能提高了6%至10%。
{"title":"Comparative growth and performance of two generations of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"V. B. Santos, Diego Azevedo Teixeira, V. Gomes, Vinícius Vasconcelos Silva, Marcos Vinicius de Almeida, R. A. S. Salomão","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55786","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of generations of the Genomar Supreme Tilapia (GST) strain, specifically G20 and G25, was evaluated. Tilapias 8 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system with 0.25 m³ tanks, 80 fish m-³, with four replicates. During growth, eight fish from each tank were weighed and measured at day 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210. Survival, weight gain, feed conversion and batch homogeneity were determined. Weight-age data were fit to Gompertz model. In addition, absolute and relative growth rates and weight and age at inflection were determined. Final weight showed 26.7% higher in G25 when compared to G20 (920.05 and 725.87 g, respectively). The feed conversion and homogeneity indexes were better in G25 than G20. The estimate of asymptotic weight was higher in G25 (1202.0 g) when compared to G20 (912.7 g). G20 presented smaller weight (335.76 g), age (108.87 days) and absolute growth rate (4.87 g day-1) when compared with G25 (442.19 g, 113.77 days and 6.41 g day-1). Carcass characteristics were similar, but G25 presented about 25% higher fillet weight than G20. After five years in the GST breeding program, results indicated that a sustained improvement of harvest weight was achieved, as well as 6 to 10% gain in performance by generation.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75176462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55947
Maria Josilaine Matos dos Santos Silva, Edneide Marques da Silva, Fátima Lira dos Santos, C. S. Santos, Paulo Otavio Silva Cavalcante, K. Pereira, V. Almeida, D. M. L. Lima Júnior
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacement of corn with pre-dried cassava root silage (CRS) on intake, ingestive behavior, production and composition of goat milk. Five lactating Saanen goats were used, with 42.5 ± 4.2 kg body weight and production of 2 kg milk day-1, distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin square with five treatments: 0, 28.6, 58.0, 81.6 and 100% replacement of corn with CRS in the diet dry matter. Goats were monitored for five periods of 15 days each. The intake of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber decreased linearly (p <0.05) with the replacement of corn with CRS. Feeding (348.5 ± 62.1 min.) and rumination (468.8 ± 83.8 min.) times were not influenced (p >0.05) by the replacement of corn with CRS, but the ingestion and rumination efficiencies had a linear increase (p > 0.05). Milk production (2.17 ± 0.45 kg day-1), fat (3.49 ± 0.42%), protein (3.11 ± 0.13%) and lactose (4.47 ± 0,11%) of goat milk were not influenced (p >0.05) by the replacement of corn with CRS. Therefore, it is recommended the total replacement of corn with pre-dried cassava root silage in the diet for dairy goats with an average production of 2 kg day-1.
本试验旨在评价预干木薯根青贮(CRS)替代玉米对羊奶采食量、摄食行为、产量和成分的影响。试验选用5只体重为42.5±4.2 kg、产奶量为2 kg d -1的哺乳期萨宁山羊，分布在5 × 5拉丁方中，分别采用0、28.6、58.0、81.6和100%用CRS替代玉米5种处理。对山羊进行5期监测，每期15天。玉米替代玉米后，干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的采食量呈线性降低(p 0.05)，采食量和反刍效率呈线性提高(p 0.05)。玉米替代玉米对羊奶产奶量(2.17±0.45 kg d -1)、脂肪(3.49±0.42%)、蛋白质(3.11±0.13%)和乳糖(4.47±0.11%)无显著影响(p >0.05)。因此，对于平均产量为2 kg / d的奶山羊，建议饲粮中完全用预干木薯根青贮替代玉米。
{"title":"Replacement of corn with pre-dried cassava root silage in the diet for dairy goats","authors":"Maria Josilaine Matos dos Santos Silva, Edneide Marques da Silva, Fátima Lira dos Santos, C. S. Santos, Paulo Otavio Silva Cavalcante, K. Pereira, V. Almeida, D. M. L. Lima Júnior","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55947","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacement of corn with pre-dried cassava root silage (CRS) on intake, ingestive behavior, production and composition of goat milk. Five lactating Saanen goats were used, with 42.5 ± 4.2 kg body weight and production of 2 kg milk day-1, distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin square with five treatments: 0, 28.6, 58.0, 81.6 and 100% replacement of corn with CRS in the diet dry matter. Goats were monitored for five periods of 15 days each. The intake of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber decreased linearly (p <0.05) with the replacement of corn with CRS. Feeding (348.5 ± 62.1 min.) and rumination (468.8 ± 83.8 min.) times were not influenced (p >0.05) by the replacement of corn with CRS, but the ingestion and rumination efficiencies had a linear increase (p > 0.05). Milk production (2.17 ± 0.45 kg day-1), fat (3.49 ± 0.42%), protein (3.11 ± 0.13%) and lactose (4.47 ± 0,11%) of goat milk were not influenced (p >0.05) by the replacement of corn with CRS. Therefore, it is recommended the total replacement of corn with pre-dried cassava root silage in the diet for dairy goats with an average production of 2 kg day-1.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88400767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55761
A. R. M. Santos, C. E. A. Cabral, C. Cabral, L. V. Barros, Deborah França Pires, Altieres dos Santos Rosa, G. R. Alves, Marina Pereira Souza Coutinho
This study evaluated the effect of increased energy via supplementation on the performance, ingestive behavior, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism of grazing heifers fed tropical forage in the rainy-dry transition season. Treatments consisted of mineral supplementation ad libitum (control) and multiple supplements formulated to provide different energy levels and the same amount of protein (300 g CP animal d-1) and were denominated as low (LE; 340 g TDN animal d-1), medium (ME; 780 g TDN animal d-1) and high (HE; 1220 g TDN animal d-1) energy. Animals supplemented with ME, and HE had a greater average daily gain in relation to the control treatment, with an increase of 41 and 46%, respectively. Greater values for total apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber were observed for the treatment HE. Lesser values of urinary urea N were observed for the control and HE treatments. Our results define the use of energy levels in the supplement as a tool for pasture management. If the purpose of the production system is to enhance forage intake, the option is to supply supplements with less energy levels. In contrast, if the purpose is to increase the stocking rate, supplements with greater energy levels should be used.
本研究评估了在旱涝过渡季节，通过补充能量增加对热带牧草放牧犊牛生产性能、摄食行为、营养物质消化率和氮代谢的影响。处理包括随意补充矿物质(对照组)和配制多种补充物，以提供不同能量水平和相同数量的蛋白质(300 g CP动物d-1)，并命名为低(LE;340 g TDN动物d-1)，中(ME;780 g TDN动物d-1)和高(HE;1220克TDN动物d-1)能量。与对照组相比，补充ME和HE的动物平均日增重更高，分别增加了41%和46%。中性洗涤纤维的总表观消化率较高。对照组和HE组尿尿素N值较低。我们的研究结果确定了补品中能量水平的使用作为牧场管理的工具。如果生产系统的目的是提高采食量，则可以选择提供能量水平较低的补给品。相反，如果目的是提高放养率，则应使用能量水平较高的补品。
{"title":"Energy supplementation as strategy of pasture management","authors":"A. R. M. Santos, C. E. A. Cabral, C. Cabral, L. V. Barros, Deborah França Pires, Altieres dos Santos Rosa, G. R. Alves, Marina Pereira Souza Coutinho","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55761","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effect of increased energy via supplementation on the performance, ingestive behavior, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism of grazing heifers fed tropical forage in the rainy-dry transition season. Treatments consisted of mineral supplementation ad libitum (control) and multiple supplements formulated to provide different energy levels and the same amount of protein (300 g CP animal d-1) and were denominated as low (LE; 340 g TDN animal d-1), medium (ME; 780 g TDN animal d-1) and high (HE; 1220 g TDN animal d-1) energy. Animals supplemented with ME, and HE had a greater average daily gain in relation to the control treatment, with an increase of 41 and 46%, respectively. Greater values for total apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber were observed for the treatment HE. Lesser values of urinary urea N were observed for the control and HE treatments. Our results define the use of energy levels in the supplement as a tool for pasture management. If the purpose of the production system is to enhance forage intake, the option is to supply supplements with less energy levels. In contrast, if the purpose is to increase the stocking rate, supplements with greater energy levels should be used.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80209228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55775
S. Aissanou, A. Ayad
The present investigation was undertaken to highlight the histomorphometric changes of testicular tissues according to season and age in donkeys (Equus asinus) under northern Algeria conditions. The experiment was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020. A total of 21 sexually mature donkeys were selected randomly. The testis were immediately collected after slaughter for the histological observation. The analysis of the correlation coefficients shows negative correlations between DL and other parameters such as DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA, ranged between -0.24 and -0.79. Also, there were a high negative correlations between season and the histomorphometric parameters, except DL was revealed positive (r=0.65). On the other hand, there were positive correlations between age and testicular histomorphometrics parameters. The results indicated that DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA values were significantly higher in winter and autumn seasons than in spring and summer seasons. It is also noteworthy that DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA values were significantly higher in adult and aged donkeys than in young donkeys. Our comparative analysis of histological parameters, suggests that the sexual activity usually occurs during winter and autumn in local donkeys of Algeria. In addition, our results of histomorphometric of testicular tissues are correlated with age of donkeys.
{"title":"Histomorphometric changes of testicular tissues by season and age of Algerian local donkeys (Equus asinus)","authors":"S. Aissanou, A. Ayad","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55775","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was undertaken to highlight the histomorphometric changes of testicular tissues according to season and age in donkeys (Equus asinus) under northern Algeria conditions. The experiment was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020. A total of 21 sexually mature donkeys were selected randomly. The testis were immediately collected after slaughter for the histological observation. The analysis of the correlation coefficients shows negative correlations between DL and other parameters such as DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA, ranged between -0.24 and -0.79. Also, there were a high negative correlations between season and the histomorphometric parameters, except DL was revealed positive (r=0.65). On the other hand, there were positive correlations between age and testicular histomorphometrics parameters. The results indicated that DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA values were significantly higher in winter and autumn seasons than in spring and summer seasons. It is also noteworthy that DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA values were significantly higher in adult and aged donkeys than in young donkeys. Our comparative analysis of histological parameters, suggests that the sexual activity usually occurs during winter and autumn in local donkeys of Algeria. In addition, our results of histomorphometric of testicular tissues are correlated with age of donkeys.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73099328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54135
G. Pinheiro, P. P. Araújo, R. F. Marques, R. M. Souza, Ilgner T. D. Silva, S. R. Marchi
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing periods of coexistence of weed plants with Urochloa ruziziensis on the canopy structure and productivity of a pasture already established with this forage species. The experiment was a randomized blocks design with four replications, and treatments consisted of seven increasing periods of coexistence of forage grass with weed plants: 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after regrowth (DAR). The main morpho-structural and productive characteristics of the forage plants were determined at the end of the experimental period (90 DAR). The ratio of the first green leaf height to the tiller height increases, while the leaf to stem ratio diminishes as the period of interaction with the infesting community increases. The number of green leaves per tiller and the tiller height diminishes as the period of coexistence with weed plants increases. The presence of weed plants interferes negatively with all parameters of the grass canopy structure and productivity of a grazing land already established with Urochloa ruziziensis, suggesting that measures of control of the infesting community should be adopted up to 17 days of regrowth of the forage plant.
本研究的目的是评估杂草植物与ruziziensis共存时间的增加对已经建立了该牧草的草地的冠层结构和生产力的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，共设4个重复，各处理分别为再生后0(对照)、15、30、45、60、75和90 d 7个生长增长期。在试验期(90 DAR)结束时测定饲用植物的主要形态结构和生产特性。随着与害虫群落相互作用时间的延长，初绿叶高与分蘖高之比增大，叶茎比减小。每个分蘖的绿叶数和分蘖高度随着与杂草植物共存时间的增加而减小。杂草植物的存在对已发生褐藻草的草地的冠层结构和生产力的所有参数均产生负干扰，提示应在牧草植物再生后17天内采取防治措施。
{"title":"Interference of weeds in ruziziensis grass pastures","authors":"G. Pinheiro, P. P. Araújo, R. F. Marques, R. M. Souza, Ilgner T. D. Silva, S. R. Marchi","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54135","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing periods of coexistence of weed plants with Urochloa ruziziensis on the canopy structure and productivity of a pasture already established with this forage species. The experiment was a randomized blocks design with four replications, and treatments consisted of seven increasing periods of coexistence of forage grass with weed plants: 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after regrowth (DAR). The main morpho-structural and productive characteristics of the forage plants were determined at the end of the experimental period (90 DAR). The ratio of the first green leaf height to the tiller height increases, while the leaf to stem ratio diminishes as the period of interaction with the infesting community increases. The number of green leaves per tiller and the tiller height diminishes as the period of coexistence with weed plants increases. The presence of weed plants interferes negatively with all parameters of the grass canopy structure and productivity of a grazing land already established with Urochloa ruziziensis, suggesting that measures of control of the infesting community should be adopted up to 17 days of regrowth of the forage plant.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76341847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54603
H. Rafiee, Msaoud Alikhani, G. Ghorbani
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of corn processing and protein level on the feeding, lying, and post milking standing (PMS) behavior in high producing cows. Eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to diets containing either finely ground (FGC) or steam flaked (SFC) corn based on either low (LP) or high (HP) protein content. Cows receiving LP had lower milk yield than cows receiving HP with similar DMI. Moreover, FGC-fed cows had higher DMI than SFC-fed cows with similar milk yields. Eating and rumination time tended to be lower and chewing time was lower in HP-fed cows than LP-fed cows. Cows fed SFC tended to have higher laying rumination interval and lower lying rumination bouts than cows fed FGC. Total and average PMS were lower in cows fed HP than LP. Cows fed LP had higher chewing activity in the daytime than cows fed HP. Our results suggested that the protein level and corn processing affect the standing and lying behavior of high producing dairy cows, although, this effect is marginal. Results also indicated that probably any change in the diet that increases the rumination and eating times could also improve the PMSThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of corn processing and protein level on the feeding, lying, and post milking standing (PMS) behavior in high producing cows. Eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to diets containing either finely ground (FGC) or steam flaked (SFC) corn based on either low (LP) or high (HP) protein content. Cows receiving LP had lower milk yield than cows receiving HP with similar DMI. Moreover, FGC-fed cows had higher DMI than SFC-fed cows with similar milk yields. Eating and rumination time tended to be lower and chewing time was lower in HP-fed cows than LP-fed cows. Cows fed SFC tended to have higher laying rumination interval and lower lying rumination bouts than cows fed FGC. Total and average PMS were lower in cows fed HP than LP. Cows fed LP had higher chewing activity in the daytime than cows fed HP. Our results suggested that the protein level and corn processing affect the standing and lying behavior of high producing dairy cows, although, this effect is marginal. Results also indicated that probably any change in the diet that increases the rumination and eating times could also improve the PMS
{"title":"Effect of dietary protein level and corn processing on behavior activity of high producing dairy cows","authors":"H. Rafiee, Msaoud Alikhani, G. Ghorbani","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54603","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of corn processing and protein level on the feeding, lying, and post milking standing (PMS) behavior in high producing cows. Eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to diets containing either finely ground (FGC) or steam flaked (SFC) corn based on either low (LP) or high (HP) protein content. Cows receiving LP had lower milk yield than cows receiving HP with similar DMI. Moreover, FGC-fed cows had higher DMI than SFC-fed cows with similar milk yields. Eating and rumination time tended to be lower and chewing time was lower in HP-fed cows than LP-fed cows. Cows fed SFC tended to have higher laying rumination interval and lower lying rumination bouts than cows fed FGC. Total and average PMS were lower in cows fed HP than LP. Cows fed LP had higher chewing activity in the daytime than cows fed HP. Our results suggested that the protein level and corn processing affect the standing and lying behavior of high producing dairy cows, although, this effect is marginal. Results also indicated that probably any change in the diet that increases the rumination and eating times could also improve the PMSThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of corn processing and protein level on the feeding, lying, and post milking standing (PMS) behavior in high producing cows. Eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to diets containing either finely ground (FGC) or steam flaked (SFC) corn based on either low (LP) or high (HP) protein content. Cows receiving LP had lower milk yield than cows receiving HP with similar DMI. Moreover, FGC-fed cows had higher DMI than SFC-fed cows with similar milk yields. Eating and rumination time tended to be lower and chewing time was lower in HP-fed cows than LP-fed cows. Cows fed SFC tended to have higher laying rumination interval and lower lying rumination bouts than cows fed FGC. Total and average PMS were lower in cows fed HP than LP. Cows fed LP had higher chewing activity in the daytime than cows fed HP. Our results suggested that the protein level and corn processing affect the standing and lying behavior of high producing dairy cows, although, this effect is marginal. Results also indicated that probably any change in the diet that increases the rumination and eating times could also improve the PMS","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53060
Claudiane Aparecida Rocha Chaves, D. A. Miranda, A. Geraldo, L. Machado, J. K. Valentim, R. G. Garcia
The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of yellow natural pigment levels based on Marigold Flower extract (2%) and yellow synthetic pigment (Carophyll Yellow 10%) in sorghum-based rations for commercial laying hens and their influence on bird performance and egg quality. A completely randomized design was adopted with 5 treatments, 6 replicates, and 5 laying hens in each repetition. The treatments evaluated were: Sorghum based diet without supplementation with pigmentant - Negative Control; 150 g t-1 of Yellow Natural Pigment feed; 300 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 450 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 25 g t-1 of yellow industrial pigment feed. The Tukey test was applied at 5% for the analysis of the variables of performance and quality of the eggs. The variables related to external and internal egg quality and poultry yield performance did not present significant results (p > 0.05). Only the variable color of the yolk obtained significance (p < 0.01), with an increase according to the number of pigments included in the diet. Sorghum can be used together supplementation of natural and synthetic pigments in the diet to improve yolk pigmentation. It is recommended to include 450g t-1 of natural marigold flower pigment feed (2%) in sorghum-based diets for better pigmentation of the yolk in place of 25 g t-1 of yellow synthetic pigmented, by improving the color of the yolk and not interfering in the productive performance of the laying hens and the quality of the eggs.
本试验旨在评价以金盏花提取物(2%)和合成黄色色素(车叶黄10%)为基础的高粱饲粮中添加黄色天然色素水平对商品蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验采用完全随机设计，5个处理，6个重复，每个重复5只蛋鸡。评价的处理为:不添加色素的高粱型饲粮-阴性对照;黄色天然色素饲料150 g -1;黄色天然色素饲料300 g t-1;黄色天然色素饲料450 g t-1;黄色工业颜料饲料25g -1。采用5%浓度的Tukey试验对蛋的生产性能和品质变量进行分析。外、内蛋品质及家禽产量性能相关变量均无显著差异(p > 0.05)。只有蛋黄的可变颜色有显著性(p < 0.01)，随饲粮中色素添加量的增加而增加。饲粮中可同时添加高粱天然色素和合成色素，以改善蛋黄色素沉着。建议在高粱基饲粮中添加450g t-1的天然金盏花色素饲料(2%)，以改善蛋黄的颜色，同时不影响蛋鸡的生产性能和鸡蛋质量，从而更好地使蛋黄着色，而不是添加25g t-1的黄色合成色素。
{"title":"Natural and synthetic pigments in sorghum-based diets for laying hens","authors":"Claudiane Aparecida Rocha Chaves, D. A. Miranda, A. Geraldo, L. Machado, J. K. Valentim, R. G. Garcia","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53060","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of yellow natural pigment levels based on Marigold Flower extract (2%) and yellow synthetic pigment (Carophyll Yellow 10%) in sorghum-based rations for commercial laying hens and their influence on bird performance and egg quality. A completely randomized design was adopted with 5 treatments, 6 replicates, and 5 laying hens in each repetition. The treatments evaluated were: Sorghum based diet without supplementation with pigmentant - Negative Control; 150 g t-1 of Yellow Natural Pigment feed; 300 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 450 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 25 g t-1 of yellow industrial pigment feed. The Tukey test was applied at 5% for the analysis of the variables of performance and quality of the eggs. The variables related to external and internal egg quality and poultry yield performance did not present significant results (p > 0.05). Only the variable color of the yolk obtained significance (p < 0.01), with an increase according to the number of pigments included in the diet. Sorghum can be used together supplementation of natural and synthetic pigments in the diet to improve yolk pigmentation. It is recommended to include 450g t-1 of natural marigold flower pigment feed (2%) in sorghum-based diets for better pigmentation of the yolk in place of 25 g t-1 of yellow synthetic pigmented, by improving the color of the yolk and not interfering in the productive performance of the laying hens and the quality of the eggs.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84418519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54512
R. Pompeu, M. Rogério, M. Cândido, M. Bomfim, E. Pereira, M. N. Lopes, R. A. Araújo
To evaluate the ingestive behavior of sheep confined and fed with substitution levels of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC). We adopted a completely randomized design, with four levels of substitution (0; 33; 67 and 100%) with five replicates (sheep). We estimated the percentages of total times of intake of feed, time of rumination, in ‘other activities’, in idle agreed and in idle sleeping, dividing the day into eight periods (5h00 to 8h00; 8h01 to 11h00; 11h01 to 14h00; 14h01 to 17h00; 17h01 to 20h00; 20h01 to 23h00; 23h01 to 2h00 and 2h01 to 5h00). No interaction was observed between levels of substitution of the SM by DCC and period of the day to go. However, the isolated effect period of the day, there is more time to go from 8h00 to 11h00. The time rumination was not influenced by the levels of substitution of the SM by DCC. As for the variable other activities, the level of 67% DCC was superior to that of 100%. Regarding the variables idle agreed and idle sleeping, were not observed effects of substitution levels of SM by DCC. The DCC provides no changes in the behavior of the sheep, but the period of the day exerts influence on the behavioral pattern of such animals.
{"title":"Feeding behavior of sheep in feedlot and fed with diets containing detoxified castor cake in substitution to the soybean meal","authors":"R. Pompeu, M. Rogério, M. Cândido, M. Bomfim, E. Pereira, M. N. Lopes, R. A. Araújo","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54512","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the ingestive behavior of sheep confined and fed with substitution levels of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC). We adopted a completely randomized design, with four levels of substitution (0; 33; 67 and 100%) with five replicates (sheep). We estimated the percentages of total times of intake of feed, time of rumination, in ‘other activities’, in idle agreed and in idle sleeping, dividing the day into eight periods (5h00 to 8h00; 8h01 to 11h00; 11h01 to 14h00; 14h01 to 17h00; 17h01 to 20h00; 20h01 to 23h00; 23h01 to 2h00 and 2h01 to 5h00). No interaction was observed between levels of substitution of the SM by DCC and period of the day to go. However, the isolated effect period of the day, there is more time to go from 8h00 to 11h00. The time rumination was not influenced by the levels of substitution of the SM by DCC. As for the variable other activities, the level of 67% DCC was superior to that of 100%. Regarding the variables idle agreed and idle sleeping, were not observed effects of substitution levels of SM by DCC. The DCC provides no changes in the behavior of the sheep, but the period of the day exerts influence on the behavioral pattern of such animals.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77519519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54443
P. S. Dias, Hanna Karolyna dos Santos, R. E. Balen, I. V. Zadinelo, F. Meurer
The aim of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients and digestible values of crude protein, ethereal extract, gross energy and dry matter of mulberry leaf meal (MLM) (Morus alba L.) as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed. A total of 135 Nile tilapia juveniles were used, and the indirect methodology (Cr2O3) was applied for digestibility determinations. Mulberry leave meal presented good apparent digestible coefficients of protein, ethereal extract and energy with respective values of 0.94, 0.58 and 0.39. The mulberry leave meal thus comprises adequate digestible protein and digestible energy values, similar or better than other leafy foods, presenting potential for inclusion in Nile tilapia diets.
本试验旨在测定桑叶粕(Morus alba L.)作为尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)饲料的粗蛋白质、脂肪提取物、总能和干物质的表观消化率系数和消化值。利用135尾尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼，采用Cr2O3间接法测定其消化率。桑叶粕的蛋白质、脂肪和能量的表观消化系数分别为0.94、0.58和0.39。因此，桑叶粉含有足够的可消化蛋白质和可消化能量值，与其他叶类食物相似或更好，有可能被纳入尼罗罗非鱼的饮食中。
{"title":"Energy and nutrient digestibility from mulberry (Morus alba) leaf meal for Nile tilapia","authors":"P. S. Dias, Hanna Karolyna dos Santos, R. E. Balen, I. V. Zadinelo, F. Meurer","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54443","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients and digestible values of crude protein, ethereal extract, gross energy and dry matter of mulberry leaf meal (MLM) (Morus alba L.) as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed. A total of 135 Nile tilapia juveniles were used, and the indirect methodology (Cr2O3) was applied for digestibility determinations. Mulberry leave meal presented good apparent digestible coefficients of protein, ethereal extract and energy with respective values of 0.94, 0.58 and 0.39. The mulberry leave meal thus comprises adequate digestible protein and digestible energy values, similar or better than other leafy foods, presenting potential for inclusion in Nile tilapia diets.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78069897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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