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Generation of LDPM structure formed by Voronoi cells Voronoi细胞形成的LDPM结构的生成
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.40.0111
J. Vozáb, J. Vorel
A preliminary study of an approach to internal structure generation used in lattice discrete particle models (LDPMs) [1]. The presented method used for particle generation and placement is intended to help realistically capture the internal structure of materials. First, a method for structure generation using LDPM is presented. Then, the method of particle generation using a Voronoi diagram [2] is described. The last part is the optimizations on the algorithm that use Apollonius circles to calculate the specific points of the Voronoi diagram.
晶格离散粒子模型(ldpm)内部结构生成方法的初步研究[1]。所提出的用于粒子生成和放置的方法旨在帮助真实地捕获材料的内部结构。首先,提出了一种基于LDPM的结构生成方法。然后,描述了使用Voronoi图[2]生成粒子的方法。最后是对算法的优化,利用阿波罗圆计算Voronoi图的具体点。
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引用次数: 0
Hygro-mechanical model for concrete pavement with long-term drying analysis 混凝土路面湿力学模型及长期干燥分析
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.40.0104
J. Veselý, V. Šmilauer
Concrete pavements are subjected to the combination of moisture transport, heat transport and traffic loading. A hygro-mechanical 3D finite element model was created in OOFEM software in order to analyse the stress field and deformed shape from a long-term non-uniform drying. The model uses a staggered approach, solving moisture transfer weakly coupled with MPS viscoelastic model for ageing concrete creep and shrinkage. Moisture transport and mechanical sub-models are calibrated with lab experiments, long-term monitoring on D1 highway and data from 40 year old highway pavement. The slab geometry is 3.5×5.0×0.29 m, resting on elastic Winkler-Pasternak foundation. The validation covers autogenous and drying strain on the slab. The models predict drying-induced tensile stress up to 3.3 MPa, inducing additional loading on the slab, uncaptured by current design methods.
混凝土路面受到水分输送、热量输送和交通荷载的综合作用。为了分析长期不均匀干燥造成的应力场和变形形状,在OOFEM软件中建立了三维水力学有限元模型。该模型采用交错方法,解决水分传递弱耦合的MPS粘弹性模型的老化混凝土徐变和收缩。通过室内实验、D1公路长期监测和40年老公路路面数据,对水分输送和力学子模型进行了标定。楼板几何形状为3.5×5.0×0.29 m,位于弹性温克勒-帕斯捷尔纳克基础上。验证包括板坯上的自应变和干燥应变。该模型预测干燥引起的拉应力可达3.3 MPa,引起板上的附加载荷,目前的设计方法无法捕获。
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引用次数: 0
Thoughts on the selection of the appropriate simulation models in building performance assessment 建筑性能评估中仿真模型选择的思考
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0110
C. Berger, A. Mahdavi
Building performance simulation serves the derivation of the relevant building performance indicators (e.g., energy use, indoor-environmental conditions) given the assumptions of certain model input parameters (i.e., description of the building, boundary conditions, occupants' presence and behaviour). Simulation can be employed for multiple purposes, including but not limited to building design support, building systems configuration, and code compliance demonstration. It has been suggested that the level of detail and resolution of simulation models must match their deployment purpose. However, there is arguably a lack of definitive guidelines for the purpose-dependent selection of appropriate simulation models. To address this challenge, the present contribution suggests that the attributes of a simulation model in general, and the type of the adopted occupant model in particular, must correspond to the specifics of the building performance indicator under investigation. To make progress in this area, a typological classification of building performance indicators is proposed along three salient dimensions, namely the indicators' topical domain (e.g., energy use, thermal comfort, noise control), their spatial attributes, and their temporal attributes. Following a detailed analysis, the paper presents a high-level approach to derive the basic requirements concerning occupant models as a~categorical function of the simulation purpose.
建筑性能模拟服务于推导相关的建筑性能指标(例如,能源使用,室内环境条件),给定某些模型输入参数的假设(即,建筑物的描述,边界条件,居住者的存在和行为)。仿真可以用于多种目的,包括但不限于构建设计支持、构建系统配置和代码遵从性演示。有人建议,仿真模型的详细程度和分辨率必须与其部署目的相匹配。然而,有争议的是,缺乏明确的指导方针的目的依赖于适当的模拟模型的选择。为了应对这一挑战,目前的贡献表明,模拟模型的一般属性,特别是所采用的居住者模型的类型,必须与所调查的建筑性能指标的具体情况相对应。为了在这一领域取得进展,我们沿着三个显著维度提出了建筑性能指标的类型分类,即指标的主题领域(例如,能源使用、热舒适、噪音控制)、它们的空间属性和它们的时间属性。在详细分析之后,本文提出了一种高层次的方法来推导关于乘员模型的基本要求,作为仿真目的的分类函数。
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引用次数: 0
A guideline to support the use of off-site solutions for façade retrofitting through BIM-enabled processes 支持通过启用bim的流程使用非现场解决方案进行farade改造的指南
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0323
M. Cucuzza, A. G. di Stefano, Giuliana Iannaccone, G. Masera
The Architecture, Engineering and Construction sector requires an intense innovation process to reduce costs, intervention times, and improve energy performance. This is particularly true to increase the rate of deep renovations of the existing European building stock and therefore support the EU’s 2050 decarbonisation targets.In this scenario, prefabrication can be considered a game-changer for the construction industry: on the one hand, it enables the adoption of an industrial mindset to the design, manufacturing, and installation of façade components, with the related advantages in terms of time, cost and quality; on the other, it allows for the customisation of components thanks to digital, BIM-based design and fabrication tools. However, its adoption in retrofit operations is still limited due, among other factors, to a lack of practical experience and a limited number of actual demonstration cases.This paper introduces an operative guideline to support a more widespread use of prefabricated thermal insulation components for the energy retrofit of existing buildings in the framework of a BIMenabled design and construction process. The guideline highlights the information flow and the role of each actor at every stage of the design and delivery process.The proposed guideline is finally tested through its application to a case study to show the feasibility of the process and the advantages deriving from the adoption of an industrialised approach to façade retrofit in terms of faster installation times.
建筑、工程和建筑行业需要一个激烈的创新过程,以降低成本,缩短干预时间,提高能源性能。这对于提高现有欧洲建筑存量的深度翻新速度,从而支持欧盟2050年的脱碳目标来说尤其如此。在这种情况下,预制可以被认为是建筑行业的游戏规则改变者:一方面,它可以采用工业思维来设计,制造和安装预制构件,在时间,成本和质量方面具有相关优势;另一方面,由于基于bim的数字化设计和制造工具,它允许组件定制。然而,由于缺乏实际经验和实际示范案例数量有限等因素,其在改造作业中的采用仍然受到限制。本文介绍了一个可操作的指导方针,以支持在bim支持的设计和施工过程框架内更广泛地使用预制保温构件来对现有建筑进行节能改造。该指南强调了信息流和每个参与者在设计和交付过程的每个阶段的角色。建议的指导方针最后通过应用于一个案例研究来测试,以显示该过程的可行性以及采用工业化方法进行farade改造在更快安装时间方面的优势。
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引用次数: 0
A theoretical assessment of transport emissions from institutional buildings in a Norwegian municipality 挪威市政机构建筑交通排放的理论评估
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0151
O. Fahlstedt, R. Bohne
Municipalities are key actors in reaching the sustainable development goals 9, 11, 12, 13 set by the United Nations. The aim of this paper is to develop, on a theoretical level, a sustainable building refurbishment framework for municipalities. The focal point of the framework is reduction of embodied and operational carbon emissions deriving from buildings, including travel-induced emissions. The institutional buildings governed by a Norwegian municipality are the case study objects in this study. The framework that is currently is used in the municipality value the building stock based on the quality and cost of refurbishing them. No framework currently includes travel-induced emissions in the evaluation. The intention is to provide a holistic framework that includes this aspect when deciding if a building should be refurbished or demolished. The omission of transport emissions can lead to truncation errors in assessments. The transport to and from the school generates higher emissions in certain scenarios. Based on the knowledge in the assessment, a theoretical framework that assesses this is developed.
市政当局是实现联合国制定的可持续发展目标9、11、12和13的关键行动者。本文的目的是在理论层面上为市政当局制定一个可持续的建筑翻新框架。该框架的重点是减少建筑物产生的实际和操作碳排放,包括旅行引起的排放。挪威市政当局管理的机构建筑是本研究的案例研究对象。市政当局目前使用的框架是根据翻新的质量和成本来评估建筑库存。目前没有任何框架将旅行引起的排放纳入评估。目的是提供一个整体框架,在决定建筑是否应该翻新或拆除时,包括这方面。运输排放的遗漏可能导致评估中的截断误差。在某些情况下,往返学校的交通会产生更高的排放量。在此基础上,提出了一个评估的理论框架。
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引用次数: 0
Review and analysis of existing methods to assess the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) for office buildings 现有办公建筑室内环境质量评价方法的回顾与分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0138
Cláudia De Castro Jacinto, Adilson Campos De Paula Junior, S. Silva, Ricardo Filipe Mesquita Silva Mateus
Population in developed countries spend most of their time indoors, whether in their homes, workplaces, stores or leisure areas. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this situation worsened and now, more than ever, the importance of a high Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) is highlighted. The IEQ is very important in building performance since it is directly related to its occupants’ comfort, health, wellbeing, and productivity and the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) concept.Therefore, it is essential to develop tools to support designers’ decision-making in the materialization of indoor environments with higher quality. From the state-of-art analysis, it is possible to conclude that the methods to assess the overall building performance already consider the IEQ. Still, most use an approach that does not cover all relevant indicators.In this context, this paper presents the first milestone of a research work that aims to develop a new method to rate the overall IEQ of office buildings in Portugal.The main objective of the present study is to propose a list of IEQ indicators for office buildings, adapted to the Portuguese context, based on the analysis of existing rating methods for buildings and the recommendations of national and international standards.
发达国家的人口大部分时间都在室内度过,无论是在家中、工作场所、商店还是休闲场所。由于COVID-19大流行,这种情况更加恶化,现在比以往任何时候都更加突出了高室内环境质量(IEQ)的重要性。IEQ对建筑性能非常重要,因为它直接关系到居住者的舒适、健康、福祉和生产力,以及病态建筑综合症(SBS)的概念。因此,开发工具来支持设计师在实现更高质量室内环境方面的决策是至关重要的。从最先进的分析中,可以得出结论,评估整体建筑性能的方法已经考虑了环境质量。尽管如此,大多数机构采用的方法并未涵盖所有相关指标。在此背景下,本文提出了一项研究工作的第一个里程碑,旨在开发一种新的方法来评估葡萄牙办公楼的整体IEQ。本研究的主要目的是根据对现有建筑物评级方法的分析以及国家和国际标准的建议,提出一份适合葡萄牙情况的办公楼环境质量指标清单。
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引用次数: 0
Rescue of a stone bridge with respect to current condition and standards 石桥抢救现状及标准
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0630
P. Řeřicha, P. Fajman, Lucy Davis
A three span stone masonry bridge dating back to the middle of the 19th century, still in the roadway network, is assessed to prevent its demolition. Its industrial heritage value and ecological concerns were the principal reasons for the assessment. The carbon footprint of the stone arch replacement would be approximately 200 t CO2 emission owing to 430 m3 reinforced concrete in the new structure. Besides the cultural monument, considerable energy, CO2 emissions and natural resources can be saved in accordance with the sustainable development goals. Standards, guides and commercial software do not provide an adequate support for the assessment of masonry arch bridges, therefore an innovative two phase application of a commercial linear sttructural analysis code and an original in-house code was developed for the purpose. Thousands of stone ach bridges still in service worlwide give the case study more general importance.
一座建于19世纪中叶的三跨石砌桥仍在道路网络中,目前正在进行评估,以防止其被拆除。其工业遗产价值和生态问题是评估的主要原因。由于在新结构中使用430立方米钢筋混凝土,更换石拱的碳足迹约为200吨二氧化碳排放。除了文化古迹,还可以根据可持续发展目标节省大量的能源、二氧化碳排放和自然资源。标准、指南和商业软件不能为砖石拱桥的评估提供足够的支持,因此,为此目的,开发了一种创新的两阶段应用程序,即商业线性结构分析规范和原始的内部规范。全世界仍有成千上万座石桥在使用,这使得这个案例研究具有更普遍的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Calibration of a summer building simulation model based on monitoring of user behaviour 基于用户行为监测的夏季建筑模拟模型的校准
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0495
D. Szagri, Ainur Kairlapova, Balázs Nagy, Z. Szalay
Occupant behaviour is a field, that has always been of great interest to researchers. It could significantly modify the operation of the building and the user’s energy needs, and it is also difficult to model it according to reality. Evaluation of measurements is a crucial step to calibrate dynamic simulations. Our goal was to analyse the indoor comfort conditions according to measurements, particularly in summertime, and find what solution closes the performance gap between the measured and simulated results. In this research, we investigated an apartment building that underwent an energy efficiency renovation. We have installed a weather station and monitoring sensors in selected apartments, with which we monitored the temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 values of certain rooms, the presence of the inhabitants and the window opening and the operation of shading. In this paper, we focus on the monitoring and simulation results of the topmost apartment. The results can help us better understand how buildings work and how to implement user behaviour in dynamic simulations, how to calibrate the model according to measurements and make suggestions to increase the comfort of the residents.
居住者行为一直是研究人员非常感兴趣的一个领域。它可以极大地改变建筑的运行和用户的能源需求,也很难根据实际情况进行建模。测量结果的评估是校准动态模拟的关键步骤。我们的目标是根据测量结果分析室内舒适条件,特别是在夏季,并找到缩小测量结果和模拟结果之间性能差距的解决方案。在这项研究中,我们调查了一栋正在进行节能改造的公寓楼。我们在选定的公寓中安装了气象站和监测传感器,通过这些传感器,我们监测了某些房间的温度、相对湿度和二氧化碳值,居民的存在以及窗户的打开和遮阳的操作。在本文中,我们重点研究了顶层公寓的监测和仿真结果。研究结果可以帮助我们更好地了解建筑物的工作原理,以及如何在动态模拟中实现用户行为,如何根据测量结果校准模型,并提出建议以增加居民的舒适度。
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引用次数: 1
Implementation of positive energy district concepts and energy master plans for decarbonization of districts 实施正能量区域概念和区域脱碳能源总体规划
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0546
M. Haase, D. Baer
In order to achieve a holistic approach to community energy planning for neighbourhoods and districts, it is crucial to provide planners, decision makers, and stakeholders with the necessary methods and instruments. However, there is a research gap in terms of planning and implementation strategies and models. To address this gap, our research used literature and document analysis as well as qualitative interviews to identify implementation models and energy supply options for Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), and to determine which market actors are needed for PEDs. We also discussed the consequences of scaling up the PED concept.Our analysis highlights the importance of integrated energy planning, which is critical for reducing energy consumption, securing the location of energy infrastructure (generation, distribution, storage), and achieving long-term sustainable development and climate neutrality. Therefore, understanding the different dimensions of sustainable development in combination with energy supply and consumption is more important than ever for planning and realizing settlements.
为了在社区和地区实现社区能源规划的整体方法,向规划者、决策者和利益相关者提供必要的方法和工具至关重要。然而,在规划实施策略和模式方面存在研究空白。为了解决这一差距,我们的研究使用文献和文件分析以及定性访谈来确定正能量区(PEDs)的实施模式和能源供应选择,并确定PEDs需要哪些市场参与者。我们还讨论了扩大PED概念的后果。我们的分析强调了综合能源规划的重要性,这对于降低能源消耗、确保能源基础设施(发电、配电、储存)的位置以及实现长期可持续发展和气候中和至关重要。因此,了解可持续发展的不同维度,结合能源供应和消费,对于规划和实现住区比以往任何时候都更加重要。
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引用次数: 0
Toolkit for the efficient articulation of sustainable strategies with design and management methodology used by AECO industry in Latin America 有效地将可持续战略与拉丁美洲AECO工业使用的设计和管理方法结合起来的工具包
Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.14311/app.2022.38.0050
Carolina Valbuena-Bermúdez, Claudia Bengoa-Alvarez
Digital transformation is changing the world, and with it the construction and architecture industry, however, although there are many collaborative work frameworks for digitization, and agile philosophies among different professionals, the methodologies of creative processes throughout the entire life cycle of a project that involves sustainability strategies have been greatly reduced and relegated over time. Latin America has the highest levels of biodiversity, a wide variety of climates, a~range of implementations and sustainable opportunities that have been sidelined versus the speed of innovation in construction projects, in this context, the design philosophy based on nature must be implemented as a premise from leaders to developers, regardless of the management method used. This document studies the sustainable construction progress in five Latin American countries, analyzing climatic, regulatory and socioeconomic aspects, with the aim of increasing processes efficiency towards better sustainable constructions. Consequently, it proposes a methodology for the creation of an effective sustainable tool which works hand in hand with information systems and synchronous digital collaboration (BIM, VCD or IPD), in order to improve the design and management of sustainable projects throughout their life cycle through specific design strategies and design guidelines for each city, using the cities of Buenos Aires, Brasilia, Santiago, Bogotá and Lima as a case study.
数字化转型正在改变世界,伴随着它的是建筑和建筑行业,然而,尽管在不同的专业人士之间有许多数字化的协作工作框架和敏捷哲学,但随着时间的推移,涉及可持续性战略的项目整个生命周期的创造性过程的方法已经大大减少和降低。拉丁美洲拥有最高水平的生物多样性,各种各样的气候,一系列的实施和可持续发展的机会,这些都被建筑项目的创新速度所忽视,在这种情况下,无论采用何种管理方法,从领导者到开发商都必须将基于自然的设计理念作为前提来实施。本文件研究了五个拉丁美洲国家的可持续建筑进展,分析了气候、监管和社会经济方面的问题,旨在提高流程效率,实现更好的可持续建筑。因此,本文以布宜诺斯艾利斯、巴西利亚、圣地亚哥、波哥大和利马为例,提出了一种创建有效的可持续工具的方法,该工具与信息系统和同步数字协作(BIM、VCD或IPD)携手合作,通过针对每个城市的具体设计策略和设计指南,改善可持续项目在整个生命周期中的设计和管理。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings
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