Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis最新文献

英文中文

Resilience and coping in difficult social situations among children from low socioeconomic families. 来自低社会经济家庭的儿童在困难的社会环境中的适应能力和应对能力

IF 1 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-10-29 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.108286

Beata Pastwa-Wojciechowska, Joanna Koralewska-Samko, Mateusz Lammek

Background: The study aimed to compare factors influencing social adaptation of children from families at risk of social exclusion versus their peers with higher socioeconomic status. The analysis applied to coping strategies in difficult social situations as well as intrapersonal and interpersonal attitudes, and attitudes towards the world.

Participants and procedure: The study involved 169 children (girls n = 85, boys n = 84) aged 13-14 years. Children were included in the criterion group based on a statutory minimum subsistence level applicable for a given year in Poland.

Results: Children with higher levels of resilience scored high in cognitive-intellectual and physical spheres as well as in personality, pro-social, socio-moral and support spheres and the sense of efficacy. Factors such as socioeconomic status and family structure were found to differentiate children in terms of coping mechanisms and attitudes towards themselves, other people and the world.

Conclusions: The study revealed that the child's psychological resilience is of particular importance for social adaptation.

该研究旨在比较社会排斥风险家庭的儿童与社会经济地位较高的同龄人的社会适应因素。该分析适用于在困难的社会情况下的应对策略，以及对个人和人际关系的态度，以及对世界的态度。研究表明，儿童的心理弹性对社会适应尤为重要。

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引用次数: 0

Soil Microbial and Physicochemical Changes After the Addition of Biochar, Bacterial Inoculums and Nitrogen Fertilizer 添加生物炭、细菌接种剂和氮肥后土壤微生物和理化变化

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.045

I. Mikajlo, B. Pourrut, B. Louvel, J. Hynšt, J. Záhora

Addition of biochar is often proposed as an improving agent of soil properties. The combination of biochar (BCH) with mineral or biological amendments in order to improve its influence on soil-plant properties compared to the unamended BCH was vastly studied. Bacterial inoculums as a promising additive to BCH amendment are highly dependent on BCH quantity, its feedstock and soil state. Luvisol from a protection zone of water sources was used in pot experiment set-up. The changes in physicochemical properties (pH, cation-exchange capacity - CEC) and biological soil activities (soil enzymes: urease, phosphatase and laccase activity and total bacteria content) after the addition of beech wood biochar combined with the addition of bacterial inoculums (Bacofil and Novarefm) and nitrogen fertilizer after two growing cycles of Lactuca sativa var. capitata were studied using spectrophotometry methods. Increased pH and CEC values were detected in biochar amended treatments. The increase of laccase activity claimed on BCH additives promoting effect, especially in a case of Bactofil inoculum amendment. Nevertheless, BCH suppressed acid phosphatase activity in all the BCH additives equally. Whereas urease activity and total soil bacteria extraction remained unchanged in BCH amended treatments compared to control.

添加生物炭常被提议作为土壤性质的改善剂。生物炭(BCH)与矿物或生物改进剂相结合，以改善其对土壤-植物特性的影响，而不是未经改性的BCH。细菌接种剂作为一种很有前景的BCH改进剂添加剂，对BCH的数量、原料和土壤状态有很大的依赖性。盆栽试验采用水源保护区内的露薇醇。采用分光光度法，研究了山毛榉木生物炭与细菌接种剂(Bacofil和Novarefm)和氮肥配合施用后，在2个生长周期后，土壤理化性质(pH、阳离子交换容量- CEC)和土壤生物活性(土壤酶:脲酶、磷酸酶、漆酶活性和总细菌含量)的变化。生物炭改性处理的pH值和CEC值升高。漆酶活性的增加声称对BCH添加剂有促进作用，特别是在Bactofil接种剂的情况下。然而，在所有BCH添加剂中，BCH对酸性磷酸酶活性的抑制作用相同。而与对照相比，添加BCH处理的脲酶活性和土壤总细菌提取量保持不变。

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引用次数: 0

Formulation for Development of Low- Cost Silvicultural Model for Production Forest in Aceh Province, Indonesia 印尼亚齐省生产林低成本造林模式的制定

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.047

Mahyuddin, A. Karim, Sugianto, A. Anhar

Production forest is a forestry area used to produce forest products through Business Permit for Timber Forest Products Utilization (locally known as IUPHHK). Today, the main problems in the production forest industry management system are that the developed silvicultural system is still high in cost, and the mechanism of forest supervision and maintenance does not involve the forest communities. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effective and efficient design of a low-cost silvicultural model for production forests to be implemented in Aceh Province. This research aims to generate a low- cost silvicultural model for production forest in Aceh Province with a system approach using soft systems methodology (SSM). This research resulted in a low-cost silvicultural conceptual model for production forest and intervention strategies to be implemented by stakeholders to achieve the goals. Generally, the implementable intervention form is to develop synergy and partnership between the forest community and the IUPHHK-holder company in production forest management to run some production activities such as plantation process, security, and supervision. Moreover, participatory enhancement is necessary from the main actors: the government, the IUPHHK holder company, and the community by carrying out their duties and responsibilities according to their respective proportions.

生产林是指通过《木材林产品利用经营许可证》（当地称IUPHHK）生产林产品的林区。目前，生产林产业管理体系的主要问题是，发达的造林系统成本仍然很高，森林监督和维护机制没有涉及森林社区。因此，有必要有效设计一种低成本的生产林造林模式，以便在亚齐省实施。本研究旨在利用软系统方法（SSM），采用系统方法建立亚齐省生产林的低成本造林模型。这项研究为生产森林建立了一个低成本的造林概念模型，并由利益攸关方实施干预战略以实现这些目标。一般来说，可实施的干预形式是在森林社区和IUPHHK持有人公司之间发展生产森林管理的协同作用和伙伴关系，以开展一些生产活动，如种植过程、安全和监督。此外，政府、IUPHHK控股公司和社区等主要行为者必须按照各自的比例履行职责，加强参与。

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引用次数: 1

Antifungal Activity of a Composition of Selenium and Iodine Nanoparticles 硒碘纳米颗粒的抗真菌活性

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.044

A. Vasylchenko, S. Derevianko

The aim of this study was to investigate antifungal properties of the composition of Se and I nanoparticles (NPs) against strains of phytopathogenic fungi Acremonium cucurbitacearum 502, Acremonium strictum 048 and Fusarium sp. 072. It has been found that the composition of Se and I NPs has antifungal properties against these strains. The highest antifungal activity was against strain A. cucurbitacearum 502, manifesting as the decrease in the number of colonies (by 60.00- 86.67%) and the decrease of the diameter of colonies (by 78.95-94.22%). Antifungal activity against strain A. strictum 048 manifested as the decrease in the diameter of colonies by 52.67-75.00%. The diameter of colonies the strain Fusarium sp. 072 decreased by 25.26-51.75%. Changes in the morphology of the colonies of the strain A. strictum 048 were also noticed. Thus, the composition of Se and I nanoparticles has antifungal activity against fungal strains A. cucurbitacearum 502, A. strictum 048 and Fusarium sp. 072, which are valuable plant pathogens. The composition of Se and I NPs can be recommended for the development of the measures for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

本研究的目的是研究Se和I纳米颗粒（NPs）的组成对植物病原真菌Acremonium cucurbitacerum 502、Acremonim strictum 048和Fusarium sp.072菌株的抗真菌特性。已经发现Se和I NPs的组成对这些菌株具有抗真菌特性。抗真菌活性最高的菌株为A.cucurbitacerum 502，表现为菌落数减少（60.00-86.67%），菌落直径减少（78.95-94.22%）。狭窄048也被注意到。因此，Se和I纳米颗粒的组合物对真菌菌株A.cucurbitacerum 502、A.strictum 048和Fusarium sp.072具有抗真菌活性，它们是有价值的植物病原体。Se和I NPs的组成可用于制定控制植物病原真菌的措施。

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引用次数: 1

Effect of Hydro-priming and Salinity Stress on Germination Indices of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) 水浸和盐胁迫对黑穗槐发芽指标的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.046

Afsaneh Badalzadeh, A. D. Shahraki

In order to evaluate the effect of hydropriming and Salinity stress on germination indices of Niger, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at seed research laboratory of Shahrekord University. Salinity treatments were applied at five levels (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). Hydropriming treatments were applied at two levels (control and 6-hour hydropriming with distilled water). Results showed that the effects of hydropriming with distilled water and salinity stress on all the studied traits were significant at P ≤ 0.01. However, the interaction effects of hydropriming and salinity stress were only significant for the mean germination time, root and shoot lengths, and the allometric coefficient. The hydro prime of Niger seed resulted in the germination percentage, speed and mean germination time to be decreased significantly compared to the control treatment. The germination percentage, the time to 50% of germination, mean germination time and germination energy decreased significantly with the increasing salinity level. Hydropriming positively affected the allometric coefficient and improved its value compared to the control (non-hydropriming conditions).

为评价加氢和盐胁迫对尼日尔种子萌发指标的影响，在沙赫里科德大学种子研究实验室采用4个重复的完全随机区组设计进行了因子试验。5个盐度处理(0、25、50、100和150 mM NaCl)。加氢处理分为两个水平(对照和用蒸馏水加氢6小时)。结果表明，蒸馏水加氢和盐度胁迫对各性状的影响均极显著(P≤0.01)。而水淹和盐胁迫的交互作用仅对平均发芽时间、根冠长和异速生长系数有显著影响。与对照处理相比，加水处理使尼日尔种子的发芽率、发芽率和平均发芽时间显著降低。随着盐度的升高，种子的发芽率、萌发至50%的时间、平均萌发时间和萌发能均显著降低。与对照(未加水处理)相比，加水处理显著提高了异速生长系数。

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引用次数: 2

Growth Performance of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus Cruentus L.) on Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil Bioremediated With Two Bacterial Co-Cultures and Organic Amendments 两种细菌共培养和有机改良剂对废机油污染土壤苋菜生长的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.043

A. Adeleye, M. Yerima, M. E. Nkereuwem, I. Sadiq, G. P. Shiaka, V. Onokebhagbe, A. O. Amoo

The advent of bioremediation technology has helped scientists to proffer sustainable solutions to problems associated with environmental pollution. This study was staged to assess the growth of Amaranthus cruentus L. on spent engine oil (SEO) contaminated soil that had been subjected to bioremediation. Two bacterial co-cultures; Pseudomonas aeruginosa+Alcaligenes faecalis and Streptococcus pyogenes + Enterococcus faecalis were bio-enhanced with organic amendments; powdered cow dung (PCD), powdered cocoa pod husk (PCPH) and compost made from cow dung (CD) and cocoa pod husk (CPH) with a view to reclaiming SEO soil at three levels of contamination. It was a factorial experiment laid out with completely randomized design (CRD). Subsequently, amaranth seeds were sown on the experimental pots in the screen house. Results indicated that at two weeks after sowing (2WAS), compost produced significant (P < 0.05) and the highest plant heights (6.5, 7.5 and 6.1 cm) on all the SEO contamination levels studied compared with other organic amendments. Compost produced the highest (6.0) number of leaves compared with other organic amendments on 10% SEO contamination level while all the other organic amendments produced the same number of leaves (4.0) on 15% SEO contamination level. In respect of the stem girths measured in this study, significant performance was recorded at 2WAS, four weeks after sowing (4WAS) and six weeks after sowing (6WAS) (P < 0.05). The significant feat that the bioremediation agents utilized in this study recorded has further confirmed these agents as good candidates that can be adopted in ensuring the reclamation and restoration of SEO ravaged agricultural land.

生物修复技术的出现帮助科学家们为与环境污染有关的问题提供了可持续的解决方案。本研究旨在评价苋菜(Amaranthus cruentus L.)在经过生物修复的废机油污染土壤上的生长情况。两种细菌共培养;有机添加剂对铜绿假单胞菌+粪钙生菌和化脓性链球菌+粪肠球菌有生物增强作用;牛粪粉、可可豆壳粉和由牛粪和可可豆壳制成的堆肥，以回收三种污染程度的SEO土壤。采用完全随机设计(CRD)的析因试验。随后，将苋菜种子播种在纱棚的实验盆上。结果表明，在播种后2周(2WAS)，与其他有机添加剂相比，堆肥对所有SEO污染水平的株高均最高(6.5、7.5和6.1 cm) (P < 0.05)。在10% SEO污染水平下，堆肥与其他有机改良剂相比产生的叶片数量最多(6.0)，而在15% SEO污染水平下，所有其他有机改良剂产生的叶片数量相同(4.0)。本研究测量的茎周长在播种后第2周、第4周和第6周表现显著(P < 0.05)。本研究中使用的生物修复剂所取得的显著成就进一步证实了这些生物修复剂是确保被SEO破坏的农业用地复垦和恢复的良好候选者。

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引用次数: 1

Gender Differences in Entrepreneurship Education of the Students of Management 管理专业学生创业教育的性别差异

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.040

Martin Pech, P. Řehoř

The development of entrepreneurship competencies is not the primary objective of the management education system. Given the lack of student competencies required to start a new enterprise, the importance of entrepreneurship and economic education is increasing. There are new intentions from the Czech Republic's state politics that early business can be positively influenced and supported. The paper discusses entrepreneurship and its educational role. The research relies on a 214 questionnaire survey administered in 2018-2019 on students of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budějovice. The paper focuses on the assessment of gender differences of management students in entrepreneurship education. We reduced 19 variables to three decisive factors - attitudes, knowledge, and entrepreneurship competence using factor analysis. Differences were found in the personal attitudes to entrepreneurship within gender, while the difference was not confirmed in the required entrepreneurial competencies and preferred knowledge. The study deals with a vital gender topic, and its results can be beneficial for the fields of management and education, especially for their overlap.

培养创业能力并不是管理教育体系的主要目标。鉴于学生缺乏创办新企业所需的能力，创业和经济教育的重要性正在增加。捷克共和国的国家政治有了新的意图，即早期商业可以受到积极的影响和支持。本文讨论了创业及其教育作用。这项研究基于2018-2019年对塞斯克-巴德乔维采南波希米亚大学学生进行的214份问卷调查。本文主要对管理专业学生在创业教育中的性别差异进行评价。我们使用因子分析将19个变量归结为三个决定性因素——态度、知识和创业能力。在性别内部发现了个人对创业的态度差异，而在所需的创业能力和偏好知识方面没有证实这种差异。这项研究涉及一个重要的性别问题，其结果可能对管理和教育领域有益，尤其是对它们的重叠。

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引用次数: 0

Antioxidant Properties of Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) Shell Powder in Fermentation and Immersion Treatments 可可(Theobroma Cocoa L.)的抗氧化特性壳粉的发酵和浸泡处理

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.048

E. Lembong, M. Djali, G. L. Utama

Cocoa shell is a waste of the cocoa processing industry, containing vitamin D, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and fiber as well as antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols. Fermentation and immersion processes are needed in post-harvest cocoa to create the distinctive taste and flavor of chocolate, as well as to produce cocoa bean shell powder, which is also good quality as a waste utilization. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation and immersion processes on the antioxidant activity and characteristics of the cocoa bean shell powder (CBS). The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments e.g. NFNI (Non Fermentation Non Immersion), NFI (Non Fermentation Immersion), FNI (Fermentation Non Immersion) and FI (Fermentation Immersion) with three replications. The results of the color parameters show that CBS has a yellow-red color with significantly different L* values following the order FNI > NFNI > FI > NFI and the a* and b* values following the order FNI < FI < NFNI < NFI. NFNI has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 12.93 ppm and total phenolic 4.33 g/100 g followed by NFI, FNI, and FI. The best treatment for texture, aroma and color parameters was FI with an average value above 7, and it also had overall appearance characteristics that were not significantly different from commercial cocoa powder.

可可壳是可可加工行业的废物，含有维生素D、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、纤维以及多酚等抗氧化化合物。收获后的可可需要发酵和浸泡工艺，以创造巧克力独特的味道和风味，并生产可可豆壳粉，这也是一种良好的废物利用质量。本研究旨在确定发酵和浸泡过程对可可豆壳粉（CBS）抗氧化活性和特性的影响。该研究方法采用完全随机设计（CRD）方法，共有四个处理，如NFNI（非发酵非浸泡）、NFI（非发酵浸泡）、FNI（发酵非浸没）和FI（发酵浸泡），并进行三次重复。颜色参数的结果显示，CBS具有黄红色，具有显著不同的L*值，遵循FNI>NFNI>FI>NFI的顺序，并且a*和b*值遵循FNI

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of Wild Herbivore Damage to Field Crops in the Czech Republic in 2019 2019年捷克共和国野生食草动物对大田作物危害的估计

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.041

Vlastimil Skoták, J. Kamler, Václav Klein

Damage caused by free living herbivores to field crops has been a significant and long lasting, culminating problem which has not been solved yet. One of the reasons is missing methodologies and lack of precise data. The aim of our study was to estimate a total extent of damage caused by free living herbivores to field crops in the Czech Republic. We carried out a field research, determined the extent of the damage to main crops, and calculated the total extent of damage. Maize was the most damaged crop with a total of 8.8% of damaged area followed by oat with 6.4%. A significant gap occurred between awned and awnless wheat. While 6% of awnless wheat was damaged on average, it was only 1.5% for awned wheat. The least damaged crop was rape plant but due to its large sowing area and a relatively high market value, the loss cannot be considered low. The damage were affected by the distance of field from forests. Awned cereals seem to be suitable crops for places with a higher potential risk of damage. We estimated the damage in the Czech Republic in 2019 as high as 58 433 thousand EUR.

自由食草动物对大田作物的危害是一个严重而持久的终极问题，至今仍未得到解决。其中一个原因是缺乏方法和缺乏精确的数据。我们研究的目的是估计自由生活食草动物对捷克共和国大田作物造成的损害的总程度。我们进行了实地调查，确定了主要作物的受灾程度，并计算了总受灾程度。玉米受灾最严重，占受灾面积的8.8%，其次是燕麦，占6.4%。有芒小麦和无芒小麦之间存在显著的差异。无芒小麦的平均受害率为6%，有芒小麦的平均受害率仅为1.5%。受害最小的作物是油菜，但由于油菜的播种面积大，市场价值较高，因此损失不能算低。损失受田野与森林距离的影响。有篷谷物似乎适合于潜在灾害风险较高的地区种植。我们估计2019年捷克共和国的损失高达5843.3万欧元。

引用次数: 0

Environmental Sustainability: Bioactivity of Leucaena leucocephala Leaves and Pesticide Residue Analysis in Tomato Fruits 环境可持续性:银杏叶生物活性及番茄果实农药残留分析

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.11118/ACTAUN.2021.042

O. Fabiyi, G. Olatunji

Field studies were conducted on the application of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extracts as an alternative to carbofuran a synthetic nematicide, while possible residues of carbofuran in tomato fruits were also analysed. Acetone, methanol and petroleum ether fractions of the leaves of L. leucocephala were applied at 200 mg/mL in variants of 100 mL, 150 mL and 200 mL to a naturally nematode infested field. Comparison was made with carbofuran a synthetic insecticide and nematicide. Samples of tomato fruits from carbofuran treated and untreated beds were extracted with ethyl acetate for residual pesticide analysis to ascertain the exceedance of the maximum residue limit (MRL). Results revealed that pesticide residue was significantly (p = 0.05) higher in plots treated with carbofuran compared with standard MRL for carbofuran in tomatoes. Crude extracts of L. leucocephala were as effective as carbofuran, while the fraction was however significantly better in producing higher numbers of fruits and reduced nematode population in root and soil of tomato plants.

对银合欢叶提取物作为合成杀线虫剂呋喃丹的替代品的应用进行了实地研究，同时还分析了呋喃丹在番茄果实中的可能残留。将白头翁叶片的丙酮、甲醇和石油醚级分以200mg/mL、100mL、150mL和200mL的变体施用到自然线虫感染的田地中。与合成杀虫剂呋喃丹和杀线虫剂进行了比较。用乙酸乙酯提取来自呋喃丹处理和未处理床的番茄果实样本，进行残留农药分析，以确定是否超过最大残留限量。结果显示，与番茄中呋喃丹的标准MRL相比，呋喃丹处理地块的农药残留量显著（p=0.05）高。白头翁的粗提取物与呋喃丹一样有效，但该部分在番茄植株根系和土壤中产生更高数量的果实和减少线虫种群方面明显更好。

引用次数: 4

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