Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.026
Opeyemi Ajiboye, S. G. Ademola, K. K. Arasi, M. Shittu, A. Akinwumi, Mary Eniola Togun
The high cost of imported fishmeal as animal protein source is one of the limiting factors in raising broiler chickens particularly in Nigeria. Maggots are housefly larvae that are rich in protein which could be used as alternative to fishmeal in broiler production. This study assessed differently processed Maggot Meal (MM) as replacement for fishmeal in broilers diet in a completely randomized design. A total of 144 day old Arbor Acre broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatments. Each treatment (of 36 birds) was replicated thrice of 12 birds per replicate. Maggots were produced using blood and wheat offal as substrates in ratio 4:1 using either mango or intestinal offal as flies attractant. The maggots matured within 5days and harvested. The maggots were processed by sun-drying, oven drying and roasting. Four experimental diets were formulated for the study. A corn-soybean meal based diet that contained imported fishmeal was denoted as control. Sun dried MM, oven dried MM and roasted MM replaced imported fishmeal wholly denoting T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Data were collected on maggot yield, growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum enzymes of experimental birds. Data collected were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance. The results showed that the maggots yield from the substrates and intestinal offal as fly attractant produced more maggots than using mango as flies attractant. The highest crude protein (CP) was observed in roasted MM (43.75%). Broiler chickens fed roasted MM had final body weight comparable (P > 0.050) to the control. Broiler chickens fed roasted maggot meal had the highest (P = 0.011) CP digestibility (70.68%). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly (P = 0.002) elevated for broiler chickens fed sun dried and oven dried maggot meals. In conclusion, processing maggots by roasting was the best for enhanced crude protein digestibility without any deleterious effect on serum enzymes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Differently Processed Maggot (Musca domestica) Meal as a Replacement for Fishmeal in Broiler Diets","authors":"Opeyemi Ajiboye, S. G. Ademola, K. K. Arasi, M. Shittu, A. Akinwumi, Mary Eniola Togun","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.026","url":null,"abstract":"The high cost of imported fishmeal as animal protein source is one of the limiting factors in raising broiler chickens particularly in Nigeria. Maggots are housefly larvae that are rich in protein which could be used as alternative to fishmeal in broiler production. This study assessed differently processed Maggot Meal (MM) as replacement for fishmeal in broilers diet in a completely randomized design. A total of 144 day old Arbor Acre broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatments. Each treatment (of 36 birds) was replicated thrice of 12 birds per replicate. Maggots were produced using blood and wheat offal as substrates in ratio 4:1 using either mango or intestinal offal as flies attractant. The maggots matured within 5days and harvested. The maggots were processed by sun-drying, oven drying and roasting. Four experimental diets were formulated for the study. A corn-soybean meal based diet that contained imported fishmeal was denoted as control. Sun dried MM, oven dried MM and roasted MM replaced imported fishmeal wholly denoting T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Data were collected on maggot yield, growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum enzymes of experimental birds. Data collected were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance. The results showed that the maggots yield from the substrates and intestinal offal as fly attractant produced more maggots than using mango as flies attractant. The highest crude protein (CP) was observed in roasted MM (43.75%). Broiler chickens fed roasted MM had final body weight comparable (P > 0.050) to the control. Broiler chickens fed roasted maggot meal had the highest (P = 0.011) CP digestibility (70.68%). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly (P = 0.002) elevated for broiler chickens fed sun dried and oven dried maggot meals. In conclusion, processing maggots by roasting was the best for enhanced crude protein digestibility without any deleterious effect on serum enzymes.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48159867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.025
Daria Baholet, S. Skalickova, T. Kopec, P. Horký
In recent years, zinc nanoparticles have captivated an attention due to their antimicrobial properties. Moreover, the advantage of nanomaterials is an ability to modify their chemical composition and influence their antibacterial properties. In this study, zinc-phosphate nanoparticles (ZnNPs) were prepared via chemical route of synthesis. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated by monitoring a bacterial growth of model microorganisms: gram-negative (G - ) E. coli , and gram-positive (G + ) S. aureus as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Obtained results have shown, the ZnNPs are the most effective against G + S. aureus compared to MRSA or G - E. coli . The inhibition concentrations for S. aureus , E. coli and MRSA was 0.16, 1.25, 2.5 mM, respectively. To conclude, ZnNPs exhibit antibacterial activity against both G + and G - model microorganisms, however, G - bacteria are more sensitive against ZnNPs.
近年来，锌纳米颗粒因其抗菌性能引起了人们的关注。此外，纳米材料的优点是能够改变其化学成分并影响其抗菌性能。本研究采用化学合成方法制备了磷酸锌纳米颗粒。通过监测模式微生物的细菌生长来评估它们的抗菌活性:革兰氏阴性(G -)大肠杆菌，革兰氏阳性(G +)金黄色葡萄球菌以及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)。结果表明，与MRSA和G - E. coli相比，ZnNPs对G + S. aureus最有效。对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和MRSA的抑制浓度分别为0.16、1.25、2.5 mM。综上所述，ZnNPs对G +和G -模式微生物均具有抗菌活性，但G -模式细菌对ZnNPs更敏感。
{"title":"In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Phosphate-Based Zinc Nanoparticles","authors":"Daria Baholet, S. Skalickova, T. Kopec, P. Horký","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.025","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, zinc nanoparticles have captivated an attention due to their antimicrobial properties. Moreover, the advantage of nanomaterials is an ability to modify their chemical composition and influence their antibacterial properties. In this study, zinc-phosphate nanoparticles (ZnNPs) were prepared via chemical route of synthesis. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated by monitoring a bacterial growth of model microorganisms: gram-negative (G - ) E. coli , and gram-positive (G + ) S. aureus as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Obtained results have shown, the ZnNPs are the most effective against G + S. aureus compared to MRSA or G - E. coli . The inhibition concentrations for S. aureus , E. coli and MRSA was 0.16, 1.25, 2.5 mM, respectively. To conclude, ZnNPs exhibit antibacterial activity against both G + and G - model microorganisms, however, G - bacteria are more sensitive against ZnNPs.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63562735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.030
Marija Radojičić, R. Kopp, Barbora Müllerová, Michal Šorf
Fishponds form substantial part of standing water ecosystems in the landscape of the Central Europe. We studied the effects of fish production and environmental parameters on phytoplankton in fifteen fishponds of various size, fish production and situated at different altitudes. Water and plankton samples were collected from April to October 2018 and 2019. Phytoplankton abundance, zooplankton biovolume, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, and total iron concentration were determined. Based on average values of total nitrogen (8.53 mg.l - 1 ), total phosphorus (0.399 mg.l - 1 ), and chl-a (180 µg.l - 1 ) all fishponds were classified as hypertrophic. Fish production was significantly correlated only with altitude. With increasing altitude, fishponds have a lower nutrient content, lower temperature, and hence lower production. The direct effect of fish production on phytoplankton was not observed. Two environmental parameters significantly explained the variability in phytoplankton – altitude and total iron concentration. Our results indicate that besides traditionally monitored parameters like nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, the attention should also be focused on other factors potentially affecting studied ecosystems, hypertrophic fishponds.
{"title":"The Effect of Fish Production and Environmental Factors on Phytoplankton in Hypertrophic Fishponds","authors":"Marija Radojičić, R. Kopp, Barbora Müllerová, Michal Šorf","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.030","url":null,"abstract":"Fishponds form substantial part of standing water ecosystems in the landscape of the Central Europe. We studied the effects of fish production and environmental parameters on phytoplankton in fifteen fishponds of various size, fish production and situated at different altitudes. Water and plankton samples were collected from April to October 2018 and 2019. Phytoplankton abundance, zooplankton biovolume, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, and total iron concentration were determined. Based on average values of total nitrogen (8.53 mg.l - 1 ), total phosphorus (0.399 mg.l - 1 ), and chl-a (180 µg.l - 1 ) all fishponds were classified as hypertrophic. Fish production was significantly correlated only with altitude. With increasing altitude, fishponds have a lower nutrient content, lower temperature, and hence lower production. The direct effect of fish production on phytoplankton was not observed. Two environmental parameters significantly explained the variability in phytoplankton – altitude and total iron concentration. Our results indicate that besides traditionally monitored parameters like nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, the attention should also be focused on other factors potentially affecting studied ecosystems, hypertrophic fishponds.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44252663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.029
Helena Čalkovská, Lukáš Míča, Milena Otavová, J. Gláserová
The paper focuses on the area of the burden of contributions to state budget with an emphasis on pension insurance contributions of employees and self-employed persons active in the agricultural sector with regard to the amount of their future retirement pension. The comparison shows that self-employed workers in agriculture contribute to state budget about 2.5 times less than employees with comparable net income. As a result, the level of pensions is insufficient, predominantly for entrepreneurs whose pensions only amount to 39 to 45% of their real net income. On the basis of analysis of results from different models, calculations were made of the necessary monthly contributions to the supplementary pension savings plans that would ensure retirement living standards equivalent to 70% of net income earned during working life. The paper also quantifies redistributive effects by studying pension contributions of persons active in agriculture during their working life and pension withdrawals in retirement. The results are compared with those obtained from a group of employees. Contributions of the self-employed are also compared within the V4 countries. In the conclusion of the paper there are some recommendations that might lead to a reduction in the gap in contributions and better living standards for future old-age pensioners.
{"title":"Contributions Burden on Persons Active in Agriculture in Relation to Pension Aspects","authors":"Helena Čalkovská, Lukáš Míča, Milena Otavová, J. Gláserová","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.029","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the area of the burden of contributions to state budget with an emphasis on pension insurance contributions of employees and self-employed persons active in the agricultural sector with regard to the amount of their future retirement pension. The comparison shows that self-employed workers in agriculture contribute to state budget about 2.5 times less than employees with comparable net income. As a result, the level of pensions is insufficient, predominantly for entrepreneurs whose pensions only amount to 39 to 45% of their real net income. On the basis of analysis of results from different models, calculations were made of the necessary monthly contributions to the supplementary pension savings plans that would ensure retirement living standards equivalent to 70% of net income earned during working life. The paper also quantifies redistributive effects by studying pension contributions of persons active in agriculture during their working life and pension withdrawals in retirement. The results are compared with those obtained from a group of employees. Contributions of the self-employed are also compared within the V4 countries. In the conclusion of the paper there are some recommendations that might lead to a reduction in the gap in contributions and better living standards for future old-age pensioners.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46093922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.024
P. Oppeltová, T. Kvítek, Pavel Kasal
Agriculture is the leading source of non-point sources of water pollution, especially in terms of the runoff process. Agricultural management promotes extensive water contamination, soil erosion and sedimentation in streams and reservoirs. The water reservoir Švihov on the Želivka river supplies drinking water to more than 1.5 million people. The catchment area of the water supply reservoir is intensively used for agriculture, more than 55% of the catchment area is arable land. Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrates in the upper water-ways of tributaries are a huge problem. The aim of the research is to evaluate concentration trends and losses of nutrients (nitrates and phosphorus) at the chosen tributaries to the Švihov reservoir during 2018–2021. From the data on monthly concentrations and monthly discharges the monthly and annual losses of nitrates and phosphorus on each profile were calculated. The effect of discharges and concentrations on the magnitude of losses was investigated by correlation analysis. The influence of the forebay Trnávka dam on the magnitude of nutrient losses was also evaluated. The results show the importance of discharge magnitude on nutrient losses. The Trnávka forebay dam significantly reduces the transport of phosphorus from the Trnava catchment to the Švihov reservoir. In the catchment area of the reservoir it is recommended to implement nature-friendly and technical measures for water retention and accumulation in the landscape in order to reduce nutrient transport.
{"title":"Nutrient Balance from Agricultural Pollution Sources on Selected Tributaries to the Švihov Reservoir","authors":"P. Oppeltová, T. Kvítek, Pavel Kasal","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.024","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the leading source of non-point sources of water pollution, especially in terms of the runoff process. Agricultural management promotes extensive water contamination, soil erosion and sedimentation in streams and reservoirs. The water reservoir Švihov on the Želivka river supplies drinking water to more than 1.5 million people. The catchment area of the water supply reservoir is intensively used for agriculture, more than 55% of the catchment area is arable land. Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrates in the upper water-ways of tributaries are a huge problem. The aim of the research is to evaluate concentration trends and losses of nutrients (nitrates and phosphorus) at the chosen tributaries to the Švihov reservoir during 2018–2021. From the data on monthly concentrations and monthly discharges the monthly and annual losses of nitrates and phosphorus on each profile were calculated. The effect of discharges and concentrations on the magnitude of losses was investigated by correlation analysis. The influence of the forebay Trnávka dam on the magnitude of nutrient losses was also evaluated. The results show the importance of discharge magnitude on nutrient losses. The Trnávka forebay dam significantly reduces the transport of phosphorus from the Trnava catchment to the Švihov reservoir. In the catchment area of the reservoir it is recommended to implement nature-friendly and technical measures for water retention and accumulation in the landscape in order to reduce nutrient transport.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44671542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.020
H. Van, S. Dam, U. T. Phan, T. Nguyen, Thi Bao Tran Nguyen, Tan Loc Tran, T. N. Luu, Van-Son Le, Nguyen Tuong An Huynh
The objective of this work was to analyze the content and the chemical diversity of the essential oils from the aerial parts of eight species belonging to Zingiberaceae family collected in Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve, Vietnam. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and their constituents were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils from the aerial parts of eight studied species, including Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber pellitum, Curcuma pierreana, Globba macrocarpa, Globba globulifera, Alpinia conchigera, Stahlianthus campanulatus and Amomum sp. were obtained in a yield of 0.01%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.012%, 0.012%, 0.02%, 0.015 and 0.3%, respectively. There were a total of 75 compounds identified from the essential oils obtained from eight studied species. Four main clusters and three subclusters were formed by the cluster analysis. Cluster I consisted of A. conchigera with the presence of β-elemene (51.76%) and caryophyllene (28.1%). Cluster II contained five species, including Z. zerumbet, Z. pellitum, C. pierreana, G. globulifera and S. campanulatus with high concentration of β-pinene (11.81%, 5.32%, 4.43%, 25.42% and 1.57%), caryophyllene (13.61%, 23.45%, 19.78%, 34.26% and 18.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.66%, 4.00%, 13.65%, 8.15% and 24.69%). Cluster III consisted of G. macrocarpa , and presented 4-isobutylquinoline (24.43%), β-copaene (21.69%), α-farnesene (20.73%), 2-tert-butylquinoline (6.05%), 3-Dihydroxydiphenylamine (5.47%), β-panasinsene (5.13%) as major compounds. Cluster IV contained Amomum sp. and had eucalyptol (25.22%), camphor (24.51%), camphene (14.57%), β-pinene (13.45%), Isoborneol (9.17%), α-Selinene (6.21%) as main constituents.
{"title":"Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Eight Species of Zingiberaceae Family from Vietnam","authors":"H. Van, S. Dam, U. T. Phan, T. Nguyen, Thi Bao Tran Nguyen, Tan Loc Tran, T. N. Luu, Van-Son Le, Nguyen Tuong An Huynh","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.020","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to analyze the content and the chemical diversity of the essential oils from the aerial parts of eight species belonging to Zingiberaceae family collected in Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve, Vietnam. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and their constituents were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils from the aerial parts of eight studied species, including Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber pellitum, Curcuma pierreana, Globba macrocarpa, Globba globulifera, Alpinia conchigera, Stahlianthus campanulatus and Amomum sp. were obtained in a yield of 0.01%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.012%, 0.012%, 0.02%, 0.015 and 0.3%, respectively. There were a total of 75 compounds identified from the essential oils obtained from eight studied species. Four main clusters and three subclusters were formed by the cluster analysis. Cluster I consisted of A. conchigera with the presence of β-elemene (51.76%) and caryophyllene (28.1%). Cluster II contained five species, including Z. zerumbet, Z. pellitum, C. pierreana, G. globulifera and S. campanulatus with high concentration of β-pinene (11.81%, 5.32%, 4.43%, 25.42% and 1.57%), caryophyllene (13.61%, 23.45%, 19.78%, 34.26% and 18.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.66%, 4.00%, 13.65%, 8.15% and 24.69%). Cluster III consisted of G. macrocarpa , and presented 4-isobutylquinoline (24.43%), β-copaene (21.69%), α-farnesene (20.73%), 2-tert-butylquinoline (6.05%), 3-Dihydroxydiphenylamine (5.47%), β-panasinsene (5.13%) as major compounds. Cluster IV contained Amomum sp. and had eucalyptol (25.22%), camphor (24.51%), camphene (14.57%), β-pinene (13.45%), Isoborneol (9.17%), α-Selinene (6.21%) as main constituents.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43414012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.021
Matěj Orság, M. Fischer, M. Trnka, J. Brotan, Gabriela Pozníková, Z. Žalud
This study presents a summary of sixty years of air temperature and precipitation measurements at the Žabčice weather station, located in the southeastern Czech Republic and operated by Mendel University in Brno. An instrumental dataset spanning two climatological normal periods (1961– 1990 and newly established 1991–2020) is analyzed for long term linear trends with monthly data presented in full span in Appendices. In the new climate normal period, the mean annual temperature increased from 9.3 °C to 10.3 °C with growing trend of 0.34 °C/10 years (p < 0.001). Every calendar month of year is warmer, with the highest and fastest increase in August (+2.0 °C, 0.64 °C/10 years, p < 0.001) and the lowest in October (+0.2 °C). Annual precipitation sum increased negligibly (+11.1 mm), however, the quarterly distribution significantly changes towards drier second quarter ( - 22.9 mm, p < 0.05) and wetter third quarter (+37.1 mm, p < 0.05). Number of tropical days (maximum daily air temperature > 30 °C) significantly increased (+4.44/10 years, p < 0.001), whereas number of frost days is negligibly decreasing ( - 0.88/10 years). Temperature derived Huglin index for vineyards increased by 369 °C to a seasonal sum 2062 °C (+84 °C/10 years, p < 0.001). This study provides evidence of the rate of changing climate at this southern Moravia lowland site.
本研究概述了Žabčice气象站60年来的气温和降水测量数据，该气象站位于捷克共和国东南部，由布尔诺的孟德尔大学运营。本文分析了一个跨越两个气候正常期(1961 - 1990年和新建立的1991-2020年)的仪器数据集的长期线性趋势，并在附录中提供了完整的月度数据。在新气候正常期，年平均气温由9.3°C上升至10.3°C，增长趋势为0.34°C/10年(p < 0.001)。历年每个月都变暖，其中8月升温最高、最快(+2.0℃，0.64℃/10年，p < 0.001)， 10月升温最低(+0.2℃)。年降水总量增加可忽略不计(+11.1 mm)，但季度分布显著变化，第二季度较为干燥(- 22.9 mm, p < 0.05)，第三季度较为湿润(+37.1 mm, p < 0.05)。热带日数(最高日气温0 ~ 30℃)显著增加(+4.44/10年，p < 0.001)，而霜冻日数减少(- 0.88/10年)，可忽略不计。葡萄园的Huglin指数从369°C上升到2062°C(+84°C/10年，p < 0.001)。这项研究为摩拉维亚南部低地的气候变化速度提供了证据。
{"title":"Trends in Air Temperature and Precipitation in Southeastern Czech Republic, 1961-2020","authors":"Matěj Orság, M. Fischer, M. Trnka, J. Brotan, Gabriela Pozníková, Z. Žalud","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.021","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a summary of sixty years of air temperature and precipitation measurements at the Žabčice weather station, located in the southeastern Czech Republic and operated by Mendel University in Brno. An instrumental dataset spanning two climatological normal periods (1961– 1990 and newly established 1991–2020) is analyzed for long term linear trends with monthly data presented in full span in Appendices. In the new climate normal period, the mean annual temperature increased from 9.3 °C to 10.3 °C with growing trend of 0.34 °C/10 years (p < 0.001). Every calendar month of year is warmer, with the highest and fastest increase in August (+2.0 °C, 0.64 °C/10 years, p < 0.001) and the lowest in October (+0.2 °C). Annual precipitation sum increased negligibly (+11.1 mm), however, the quarterly distribution significantly changes towards drier second quarter ( - 22.9 mm, p < 0.05) and wetter third quarter (+37.1 mm, p < 0.05). Number of tropical days (maximum daily air temperature > 30 °C) significantly increased (+4.44/10 years, p < 0.001), whereas number of frost days is negligibly decreasing ( - 0.88/10 years). Temperature derived Huglin index for vineyards increased by 369 °C to a seasonal sum 2062 °C (+84 °C/10 years, p < 0.001). This study provides evidence of the rate of changing climate at this southern Moravia lowland site.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.023
I. Ibatullin, M. Sychov, D. Umanets, I. Ilchuk, I. Balanchuk, R. Umanets, T. Holubieva, Lubov Andriinko, V. Otchenashko, K. Makhno, O. Tytariova, O. Kuzmenko
Recently, the requirements for the quality and safety of poultry products have significantly increased, what has notably limited the use of antibiotics in feeding poultry. This is one of the reasons for the growing interest in the use of phytogenic feed additives. We have conducted an experiment to determine the influence of Artemisia capillaris on young quail meat productivity. To carry out the experiment, we have formed five groups, each counting 100 quail heads. During the experiment, which lasted for 35 days, dried powdered wormwood ( Artemisia capillaris ) in the amount of 0.5%, 1.0 and 1.5% by weight of compound feed was introduced into the feed of birds of the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th experimental groups. The experiment showed a positive effect of the studied factor on the body weight of quail; the highest body weight was in quail of the 3 rd group – 251.03 g, and the lowest it was in the control group – 238.24 g. Also during the experiment, the lowest feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain were in quail of the 3 rd experimental group, which by this indicator exceeded the control group by 4.91%. Feeding wormwood as a part of the compound feed in the amount of 0.5 and 1.0% of the 2 nd and 3 rd experimental groups increased the weight of gutted carcass by 0.41–1.67%, while further increase of wormwood content to 1.5% in the feed of the 4 th experimental group led to a decrease in the weight of gutted carcass by 0.26% compared to the control group.
{"title":"Influence of Feeding Wormwood (Artemisia Capillaris) on Quail Meat Productivity","authors":"I. Ibatullin, M. Sychov, D. Umanets, I. Ilchuk, I. Balanchuk, R. Umanets, T. Holubieva, Lubov Andriinko, V. Otchenashko, K. Makhno, O. Tytariova, O. Kuzmenko","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.023","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the requirements for the quality and safety of poultry products have significantly increased, what has notably limited the use of antibiotics in feeding poultry. This is one of the reasons for the growing interest in the use of phytogenic feed additives. We have conducted an experiment to determine the influence of Artemisia capillaris on young quail meat productivity. To carry out the experiment, we have formed five groups, each counting 100 quail heads. During the experiment, which lasted for 35 days, dried powdered wormwood ( Artemisia capillaris ) in the amount of 0.5%, 1.0 and 1.5% by weight of compound feed was introduced into the feed of birds of the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th experimental groups. The experiment showed a positive effect of the studied factor on the body weight of quail; the highest body weight was in quail of the 3 rd group – 251.03 g, and the lowest it was in the control group – 238.24 g. Also during the experiment, the lowest feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain were in quail of the 3 rd experimental group, which by this indicator exceeded the control group by 4.91%. Feeding wormwood as a part of the compound feed in the amount of 0.5 and 1.0% of the 2 nd and 3 rd experimental groups increased the weight of gutted carcass by 0.41–1.67%, while further increase of wormwood content to 1.5% in the feed of the 4 th experimental group led to a decrease in the weight of gutted carcass by 0.26% compared to the control group.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49295220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.022
Ivo Horák, Petr Marada
Ecologically significant elements are essential not only for the development and quality of life in rural areas, but also for agricultural management. Services provided by these ecosystems ensure water retention in the landscape, a protection against erosion and an increase in biodiversity. In the context of current political debates, the importance and necessity of highlighting the value of ecologically significant elements is desirable from the farmer's point of view. This study inquires into costs and benefits while implementing a selected ecologically significant element – landscaping orchard in an agricultural area, taking into account not only the explicit benefits that could be marketed, but also the benefits floating from the ecosystem services. The case study found out that whilst complying with the general conditions to be able to apply for the State subsidies with the value of ecosystem services, the Net Present Value is positive for the given project. The monetary value of ecosystem services provided by the given landscaping orchard is estimated to be, according to Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (2020), 125 thous. CZK.year -1 per 1.6 ha. That is a considerable amount which should be noted not only by the farmers but also by the policy makers who should reconsider the subsidies for farmers and pay more attention to their financial needs.
{"title":"Economic Evaluation of the Selected Ecologically Significant Element in Agriculture","authors":"Ivo Horák, Petr Marada","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.022","url":null,"abstract":"Ecologically significant elements are essential not only for the development and quality of life in rural areas, but also for agricultural management. Services provided by these ecosystems ensure water retention in the landscape, a protection against erosion and an increase in biodiversity. In the context of current political debates, the importance and necessity of highlighting the value of ecologically significant elements is desirable from the farmer's point of view. This study inquires into costs and benefits while implementing a selected ecologically significant element – landscaping orchard in an agricultural area, taking into account not only the explicit benefits that could be marketed, but also the benefits floating from the ecosystem services. The case study found out that whilst complying with the general conditions to be able to apply for the State subsidies with the value of ecosystem services, the Net Present Value is positive for the given project. The monetary value of ecosystem services provided by the given landscaping orchard is estimated to be, according to Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (2020), 125 thous. CZK.year -1 per 1.6 ha. That is a considerable amount which should be noted not only by the farmers but also by the policy makers who should reconsider the subsidies for farmers and pay more attention to their financial needs.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.013
J. Janová, Lenka Viskotová
With climate change, restoration of natural tree species in areas planted artificially with Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L). Karst. ) is among the main issues in Central European forest management. However, information on particular forest conversion strategies and on understanding their economic consequences are incomplete. To contribute, we develop a deterministic finite-time dynamic optimization model to understand the driving forces in the economically optimal conversion of spruce-dominated forests planted outside of natural conditions in South Moravia, Czech Republic. In addition to the commonly researched European beech ( Fagus sylvatica (L.)), we also consider oak ( Quercus (sp.)), Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris (L.) Karst. ), and larch ( Larix decidua ) as alternatives to spruce and evaluate them from an economic point of view. The model recommends a steady reduction of the spruce fraction, replacing it preferably with oak, beech, and larch. The model validation shows that such a forest plan appears both ecologically advisable and economically optimal.
{"title":"Optimal Conversion Management for Spruce-dominated Forests: the Case of Drahanska Highlands","authors":"J. Janová, Lenka Viskotová","doi":"10.11118/actaun.2022.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2022.013","url":null,"abstract":"With climate change, restoration of natural tree species in areas planted artificially with Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L). Karst. ) is among the main issues in Central European forest management. However, information on particular forest conversion strategies and on understanding their economic consequences are incomplete. To contribute, we develop a deterministic finite-time dynamic optimization model to understand the driving forces in the economically optimal conversion of spruce-dominated forests planted outside of natural conditions in South Moravia, Czech Republic. In addition to the commonly researched European beech ( Fagus sylvatica (L.)), we also consider oak ( Quercus (sp.)), Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris (L.) Karst. ), and larch ( Larix decidua ) as alternatives to spruce and evaluate them from an economic point of view. The model recommends a steady reduction of the spruce fraction, replacing it preferably with oak, beech, and larch. The model validation shows that such a forest plan appears both ecologically advisable and economically optimal.","PeriodicalId":7174,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47939601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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