Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.114524
J. G. Santos, E. Franco, Eduarda Bagini Fliegner, Jullia de Pinho Borba, Marlon Ribeiro, E. M. Colodel, T. Morgado, P. Néspoli
Background: The myxomatosis degeneration is a degenerative cardiac valve disease, with a higher incidence in male and senile canids. The diagnosis is made by a doppler echocardiography exam. Although there are few reports on the occurrence of cardiopathies in wild dogs (Cerdocyon thous), some studies on their cardiological parameters can be found. Considering this, and knowing that the cardiopathies in wild canids are common post mortem findings, the objective of this study is to describe the echocardiography diagnosis of a case of myxomatous degeneration of the atrioventricular valves in 1 wild dog (Cerdocyon thous) living in captivity.Case: It was treated at the Diagnostic Imaging Department of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT), 1 wild dog (C. thous), male, living in captivity with approximately 10-year-old, directed by the Center of Medicine and Research in Wild Animals of Cuiabá, to perform echocardiography exam. The patient was submitted to anesthesia for proper examination, which was used Esaote® machine model MyLabFive VET with sector scan transducer (4.0 -7.5 MHz). The longitudinal, transverse and apical scan planes were obtained through left and right parasternal windows. The evaluation of M mode exposed ejection fraction and shortening increased, of 81% and 47%, respectively, however it showed no increase in systolic and diastolic values of left ventricle, nor in right cavities on subjective evaluation. The relation between the left atrium (LA) and the aorta (Ao) remained normal, at 1.2 mm, with dimensions of 13.4 mm from the AO and 16.3 mm from LA, compatible with species parameters or domestic canines. The atrioventricular valves showed thickening and irregularities in their cusps, with great intensity in the left atrioventricular valve (LAV). The Doppler mode analysis revealed a turbulent systolic flow into the left atrium and right atrium, constituting transvalvular LAV and right atrioventricular valve- (RAV) regurgitation, both observed through the blood flow in colored Doppler and measured through the reflux velocity of 4.02 m/s of LAV and 2.17 m/s of RAV by the continuous Doppler, showing insufficiency of intense degree of LAV and moderate degree of RAV, no evidence of pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, the relation between wave E and wave A (E/A) was 1.0, with increased transvalvular velocities and values of 0.95 m/s for wave E and A. The isovolumetric mitral relaxation time was approximately 76 m/s. The value of the pressure derivative (dp) in relation to time (dt) dp/dt measured from the LAV reflux was 1257 mmHg, within the limit considered normal for canines. Four months after the diagnosis, the patient died due to complications of chronic renal failure.Discussion: Despite being a commonly diagnosed pathology in domestic canids, the myxomatous degeneration of atrioventricular valves is still little reported in wild canids. The evaluation of the results showed that although t
{"title":"Myxomatous Degeneration of Atrioventricular Valves in a Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) - Echodopplercardiography Diagnosis","authors":"J. G. Santos, E. Franco, Eduarda Bagini Fliegner, Jullia de Pinho Borba, Marlon Ribeiro, E. M. Colodel, T. Morgado, P. Néspoli","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.114524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.114524","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The myxomatosis degeneration is a degenerative cardiac valve disease, with a higher incidence in male and senile canids. The diagnosis is made by a doppler echocardiography exam. Although there are few reports on the occurrence of cardiopathies in wild dogs (Cerdocyon thous), some studies on their cardiological parameters can be found. Considering this, and knowing that the cardiopathies in wild canids are common post mortem findings, the objective of this study is to describe the echocardiography diagnosis of a case of myxomatous degeneration of the atrioventricular valves in 1 wild dog (Cerdocyon thous) living in captivity.Case: It was treated at the Diagnostic Imaging Department of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT), 1 wild dog (C. thous), male, living in captivity with approximately 10-year-old, directed by the Center of Medicine and Research in Wild Animals of Cuiabá, to perform echocardiography exam. The patient was submitted to anesthesia for proper examination, which was used Esaote® machine model MyLabFive VET with sector scan transducer (4.0 -7.5 MHz). The longitudinal, transverse and apical scan planes were obtained through left and right parasternal windows. The evaluation of M mode exposed ejection fraction and shortening increased, of 81% and 47%, respectively, however it showed no increase in systolic and diastolic values of left ventricle, nor in right cavities on subjective evaluation. The relation between the left atrium (LA) and the aorta (Ao) remained normal, at 1.2 mm, with dimensions of 13.4 mm from the AO and 16.3 mm from LA, compatible with species parameters or domestic canines. The atrioventricular valves showed thickening and irregularities in their cusps, with great intensity in the left atrioventricular valve (LAV). The Doppler mode analysis revealed a turbulent systolic flow into the left atrium and right atrium, constituting transvalvular LAV and right atrioventricular valve- (RAV) regurgitation, both observed through the blood flow in colored Doppler and measured through the reflux velocity of 4.02 m/s of LAV and 2.17 m/s of RAV by the continuous Doppler, showing insufficiency of intense degree of LAV and moderate degree of RAV, no evidence of pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, the relation between wave E and wave A (E/A) was 1.0, with increased transvalvular velocities and values of 0.95 m/s for wave E and A. The isovolumetric mitral relaxation time was approximately 76 m/s. The value of the pressure derivative (dp) in relation to time (dt) dp/dt measured from the LAV reflux was 1257 mmHg, within the limit considered normal for canines. Four months after the diagnosis, the patient died due to complications of chronic renal failure.Discussion: Despite being a commonly diagnosed pathology in domestic canids, the myxomatous degeneration of atrioventricular valves is still little reported in wild canids. The evaluation of the results showed that although t","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48912333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.119777
Bruna Patrícia Siqueira Raimundo, Carlos Eduardo Martins de Oliveira Veiga, G. De Bastiani, T. Jacobsen
Background: Enostosis like lesions are characterized by areas of intramedullary sclerosis affecting the long bones and their presence in any cases may be not associated with lameness. It has a migratory characteristic and, therefore there is the occurrence of lameness at different sites from the initial lesion. Its etiology is speculative and has been attributed to intraosseous increased pressure, of Havers’ canals compression, stimulation of unmyelinated fibers and circulating platelet aggregates. Diagnosis is made through nuclear scintigraphy and associated with radiographic examination. This paper aims to report a clinical case on the use of scintigraphy for the reference diagnosis of enostosis-type injury and treatment through surgical bone decompression.Case: A 2-year-old thoroughbred mare, weighing 483 kg, with a history of acute lameness of the left pelvic limb associated with the no previous signs of trauma and no noteworthy changes in radiographic and ultrasound images, was referred to the Horse Center Veterinary Clinic. In the examination of the locomotor system, the animal presented a 2/5 degree lameness in a straight line, with accentuated exacerbation of the same after flexion of the left femoro-tibio-patellar joint. In addition, presented a reduction in the caudal phase of the stride and croup asymmetry associated with mild myopenia. The findings of the scintigraphic exam characterized by intense focal area of hyperconcentration of medullary radiopharmaceutical in the proximal third of the right third metatarsal, and multiple areas of hyperconcentration in the aspect proximal to the distal third of the left tibia. In the radiographic images, multifocal radiopaque regions that coincided with the areas of radiopharmaceutical hyperconcentration were observed. The initial treatment was based on rest, use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and acetylsalicylic acid. In the 60 days’ later evaluation of the first exam, the patient returned to the clinic presenting 4/5 degree lameness and with an unsatisfactory evolution. Therefore, surgical bone decompression was performed on the left radius through intramedullary perforations with a 3.5 mm drill in the lesion sites. Approximately 30 days after the surgical procedure, the animal returned to the clinic complaining of acute 2/5 degree lameness of the left pelvic limb. The patient was removed from his race career and destined for amateur jumping events where he is currently doing the same without presenting a clinical complaint of persistent lameness.Discussion: The presence of focal areas of radiopharmaceutical hyperconcentration in several bones of a limb, not just in the same lame limb, makes it even more difficult to understand this pathology. The intensity of radiopharmaceutical uptake evident in scintigraphy exams is related to the degree of lameness. Severe lameness is associated with intense radiopharmaceutical concentration indicating an acute stage of the disease, as well as a d
背景:骨内瘘样病变的特征是影响长骨的髓内硬化区，在任何情况下，它们的存在都可能与跛行无关。它具有迁移特征，因此在不同的部位出现跛行，从最初的病变。其病因尚不明确，可归因于骨内压力升高、哈弗斯管受压、无髓鞘纤维受到刺激和循环血小板聚集。诊断是通过核显像并结合放射检查。本文报告1例利用显像对骨内瘘型损伤的参考诊断及骨减压手术治疗。病例:一匹2岁的纯种母马，体重483公斤，有左骨盆肢急性跛行史，既往无外伤迹象，影像学和超声图像无明显变化，被转介到马中心兽医诊所。在运动系统检查中，动物呈2/5度直线跛行，左股胫髌骨关节屈曲后跛行加重。此外，还出现了与轻度肌萎缩相关的步幅尾侧期减少和组不对称。扫描检查的特点是在右第三跖骨近三分之一处有髓质放射性药物高浓度的强烈病灶区，在左胫骨远三分之一处近端有多处高浓度区。在x线摄影图像中，观察到与放射性药物高浓度区域重合的多灶不透区。最初的治疗是基于休息，使用非甾体抗炎药和乙酰水杨酸。在第一次检查后60天的评估中，患者以4/5度跛行和不满意的进展返回诊所。因此，在病变部位用3.5 mm钻头通过髓内穿孔对左桡骨进行手术骨减压。手术后大约30天，动物返回诊所，主诉左骨盆肢急性2/5度跛行。该患者被从他的比赛生涯中移除，并注定参加业余跳跃比赛，他目前正在做同样的事情，没有提出持续跛行的临床投诉。讨论:放射性药物高浓度的病灶区存在于肢体的几个骨骼，而不仅仅是在同一残废肢体，这使得理解这种病理变得更加困难。放射学检查中明显的放射性药物摄取强度与跛行程度有关。严重跛行与高放射性药物浓度有关，表明该疾病处于急性阶段，并且在后续检查中放射性药物浓度降低，表明跛行程度有所改善。在本临床病例中，右桡骨放射性药物浓度下降，但在左桡骨，即脊髓减压的肢体，仍然可以观察到放射性药物浓度升高。这可能是由于手术减压引起的炎性骨过程。文献表明，恢复运动功能的预后良好，经过一段时间的休息和服用非甾体抗炎药后，临床症状得到缓解。该临床病例的患者恢复体育活动，但运动表现要求降低，用基本和业余跳跃项目代替跑步项目。关键词:跛行，髓内硬化，骨，马。Título: Enostose múltipla em equino puro sangue de。
{"title":"Enostosis-Like Lesion in Thoroughbred Horse","authors":"Bruna Patrícia Siqueira Raimundo, Carlos Eduardo Martins de Oliveira Veiga, G. De Bastiani, T. Jacobsen","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.119777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.119777","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enostosis like lesions are characterized by areas of intramedullary sclerosis affecting the long bones and their presence in any cases may be not associated with lameness. It has a migratory characteristic and, therefore there is the occurrence of lameness at different sites from the initial lesion. Its etiology is speculative and has been attributed to intraosseous increased pressure, of Havers’ canals compression, stimulation of unmyelinated fibers and circulating platelet aggregates. Diagnosis is made through nuclear scintigraphy and associated with radiographic examination. This paper aims to report a clinical case on the use of scintigraphy for the reference diagnosis of enostosis-type injury and treatment through surgical bone decompression.Case: A 2-year-old thoroughbred mare, weighing 483 kg, with a history of acute lameness of the left pelvic limb associated with the no previous signs of trauma and no noteworthy changes in radiographic and ultrasound images, was referred to the Horse Center Veterinary Clinic. In the examination of the locomotor system, the animal presented a 2/5 degree lameness in a straight line, with accentuated exacerbation of the same after flexion of the left femoro-tibio-patellar joint. In addition, presented a reduction in the caudal phase of the stride and croup asymmetry associated with mild myopenia. The findings of the scintigraphic exam characterized by intense focal area of hyperconcentration of medullary radiopharmaceutical in the proximal third of the right third metatarsal, and multiple areas of hyperconcentration in the aspect proximal to the distal third of the left tibia. In the radiographic images, multifocal radiopaque regions that coincided with the areas of radiopharmaceutical hyperconcentration were observed. The initial treatment was based on rest, use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and acetylsalicylic acid. In the 60 days’ later evaluation of the first exam, the patient returned to the clinic presenting 4/5 degree lameness and with an unsatisfactory evolution. Therefore, surgical bone decompression was performed on the left radius through intramedullary perforations with a 3.5 mm drill in the lesion sites. Approximately 30 days after the surgical procedure, the animal returned to the clinic complaining of acute 2/5 degree lameness of the left pelvic limb. The patient was removed from his race career and destined for amateur jumping events where he is currently doing the same without presenting a clinical complaint of persistent lameness.Discussion: The presence of focal areas of radiopharmaceutical hyperconcentration in several bones of a limb, not just in the same lame limb, makes it even more difficult to understand this pathology. The intensity of radiopharmaceutical uptake evident in scintigraphy exams is related to the degree of lameness. Severe lameness is associated with intense radiopharmaceutical concentration indicating an acute stage of the disease, as well as a d","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47052857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.119718
Bruna Zafalon Da Silva, A. Moure, Victória Regina de Queiroz Schmidt, Gabriela Capriolli, Laura Borowsky Bandeira, M. A. Valandro, Rochelle Gorczak
Background: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is a hormone-dependent disease induced by systemic increase in progesterone that can occur in several domestic species, such as the rabbit. This disease may be associated with sex steroid hormones, especially progesterone, and may be asymptomatic, and it is diagnosed using complementary imaging tests such as total abdominal ultrasound. However, surgical excisional biopsy with histopathological tissue analysis is the gold standard. This study reports a case of asymptomatic cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a female Miniature Lion Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) treated with therapeutic ovariohysterectomy.Case: A domestic, adult, female Miniature Lion Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus), aged approximately 5 years and weighing 3.2 kg, was referred to specialized care to undergo ovariohysterectomy, an elective procedure. The tutor only reported the occurrence of a single episode of vulvar secretion more than 2 years ago, treated with antibiotics, with remission of clinical signs. In the intraoperative period after celiotomy, the uterine horn and uterine body showed a significant increase in volume, with abnormal color changes and tissue consistency; however, both changes were clinically asymptomatic. Subsequently, biopsy was performed during the ovariohysterectomy procedure. The excised uterus and ovaries were placed in 10% formalin and histopathologically analyzed. The macroscopic histopathological examination of the sectioned tissue revealed a slight amount of brownish fluid inside the uterine horns, in addition to multiple cystic areas in the uterine mucosa. Microscopic examination revealed marked hyperplasia of well-differentiated endometrial epithelial cells, occasionally forming cystic structures of different sizes. Moderate congestion, mild multifocal hemorrhage, and mild multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina comprising lymphocytes and plasma cells were also observed. Therefore, a diagnosis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia with mild lymphoplasmacytic endometritis was made. Observation of the patient was recommended without therapeutic indication.Discussion: Although the pathogenesis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia remains unknown, it is suggested that it is associated with the presence of sex steroids. Hence, this is a common disease in female rabbits, as they have non-seasonal polyestrous cycles and induced ovulation. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia may be asymptomatic or subclinical, without any significant clinical signs. Conversely, when associated with an infection such as pyometritis, the clinical signs include intermittent hematuria, anemia, lethargy, anorexia, and tenderness in the uterus on palpation. Although diagnosis can be made using total abdominal ultrasound and radiography, it can only be confirmed by the histopathological evaluation of the biopsied uterine tissue. Histopathological features of this disease include endometrial thickening with irreg
背景：囊性子宫内膜增生是一种激素依赖性疾病，由孕酮系统性增加引起，可发生在几种家养物种中，如兔子。这种疾病可能与性类固醇激素有关，尤其是黄体酮，可能没有症状，可以通过全腹部超声等补充成像检查进行诊断。然而，手术切除活检和组织病理学分析是金标准。本研究报告了一例雌性小型狮子兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus）接受治疗性卵巢子宫切除术后出现无症状囊性子宫内膜增生的病例。病例：一只家养成年雌性小型狮子Lop兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus），年龄约5岁，体重3.2公斤，被转诊至专业护理机构接受选择性的卵巢子宫切除术。导师在2年多前只报告过一次外阴分泌物发作，经过抗生素治疗，临床症状得到缓解。在剖腹术后的术中阶段，子宫角和子宫体的体积明显增加，并伴有异常的颜色变化和组织一致性；然而，这两种变化都是临床无症状的。随后，在卵巢子宫切除术中进行了活检。将切除的子宫和卵巢置于10%福尔马林中，并进行组织病理学分析。切片组织的宏观组织病理学检查显示，子宫角内有少量褐色液体，子宫粘膜中还有多个囊性区域。显微镜检查显示分化良好的子宫内膜上皮细胞明显增生，偶尔形成不同大小的囊性结构。在包括淋巴细胞和浆细胞的薄层中也观察到中度充血、轻度多灶性出血和轻度多灶炎症浸润。因此，诊断为囊性子宫内膜增生伴轻度淋巴浆细胞性子宫内膜炎。建议在没有治疗指征的情况下对患者进行观察。讨论：尽管囊性子宫内膜增生的发病机制尚不清楚，但有人认为它与性类固醇的存在有关。因此，这是雌兔的常见疾病，因为它们有非季节性多精子周期和诱导排卵。囊性子宫内膜增生可能是无症状的或亚临床的，没有任何显著的临床症状。相反，当与感染（如子宫炎）相关时，临床症状包括间歇性血尿、贫血、嗜睡、厌食和触诊时子宫压痛。尽管可以使用全腹部超声和射线照相进行诊断，但只能通过活检子宫组织的组织病理学评估来确认。这种疾病的组织病理学特征包括子宫内膜增厚伴不规则的腺囊性隆起和子宫腺假分层圆柱形纤毛细胞增生。此外，在子宫组织中发现淋巴浆细胞浸润，表明伴随子宫内膜增生的炎症反应或细菌感染。在这种情况下，选择的治疗方法是治疗性卵巢子宫切除术，这被认为是治疗这种疾病的。因此，卵巢子宫切除术可以解决国内雌性小型狮子Lop兔的囊性子宫内膜增生。关键词：外科手术，卵巢子宫切除术，兔子，野生动物。Título：Hiperplasis子宫内膜cística em coelho doméstico（Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus）描述：ciurgia，卵巢切除术，coelho，动物selvagens。
{"title":"Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)","authors":"Bruna Zafalon Da Silva, A. Moure, Victória Regina de Queiroz Schmidt, Gabriela Capriolli, Laura Borowsky Bandeira, M. A. Valandro, Rochelle Gorczak","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.119718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.119718","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is a hormone-dependent disease induced by systemic increase in progesterone that can occur in several domestic species, such as the rabbit. This disease may be associated with sex steroid hormones, especially progesterone, and may be asymptomatic, and it is diagnosed using complementary imaging tests such as total abdominal ultrasound. However, surgical excisional biopsy with histopathological tissue analysis is the gold standard. This study reports a case of asymptomatic cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a female Miniature Lion Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) treated with therapeutic ovariohysterectomy.Case: A domestic, adult, female Miniature Lion Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus), aged approximately 5 years and weighing 3.2 kg, was referred to specialized care to undergo ovariohysterectomy, an elective procedure. The tutor only reported the occurrence of a single episode of vulvar secretion more than 2 years ago, treated with antibiotics, with remission of clinical signs. In the intraoperative period after celiotomy, the uterine horn and uterine body showed a significant increase in volume, with abnormal color changes and tissue consistency; however, both changes were clinically asymptomatic. Subsequently, biopsy was performed during the ovariohysterectomy procedure. The excised uterus and ovaries were placed in 10% formalin and histopathologically analyzed. The macroscopic histopathological examination of the sectioned tissue revealed a slight amount of brownish fluid inside the uterine horns, in addition to multiple cystic areas in the uterine mucosa. Microscopic examination revealed marked hyperplasia of well-differentiated endometrial epithelial cells, occasionally forming cystic structures of different sizes. Moderate congestion, mild multifocal hemorrhage, and mild multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina comprising lymphocytes and plasma cells were also observed. Therefore, a diagnosis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia with mild lymphoplasmacytic endometritis was made. Observation of the patient was recommended without therapeutic indication.Discussion: Although the pathogenesis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia remains unknown, it is suggested that it is associated with the presence of sex steroids. Hence, this is a common disease in female rabbits, as they have non-seasonal polyestrous cycles and induced ovulation. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia may be asymptomatic or subclinical, without any significant clinical signs. Conversely, when associated with an infection such as pyometritis, the clinical signs include intermittent hematuria, anemia, lethargy, anorexia, and tenderness in the uterus on palpation. Although diagnosis can be made using total abdominal ultrasound and radiography, it can only be confirmed by the histopathological evaluation of the biopsied uterine tissue. Histopathological features of this disease include endometrial thickening with irreg","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42859371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.120950
Rosemar de Almeida Freitas, B. Alberigi, A. Bendas, C. C. P. Da Veiga, Mário dos Santos Filho, Luciana Martins Corrêa, V. N. Carvalho
Background: Nephrolithiasis is a condition frequently observed in felines, with or without concomitant chronic kidney disease, constituting the major cause of ureteral obstruction and causing progressive damage to the renal parenchyma. About 90% of nephrolites are composed of calcium oxalate, which cannot dissolve, and its incidence has increased substantially in recent years, along with its recurrence. There are functional foods known as nutraceuticals provides health benefits such as renoprotection. Due to these benefits and the high prevalence of nephrolithiasis in feline species, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the association of some nutraceuticals in the dissolution of nephrolites.Materials, Methods & Results: The included cats had an ultrasound diagnosis of nephrolithiasis that, on clinical examination, showed: (i) the absence of previous or concomitant treatment for urinary infections and/or vesical and renal lithiasis; (ii) absence of genitourinary clinical manifestations; (iii) absence of obstructive processes; and (iv) absence of concomitant ureterolithiasis. We separated 51 cats with nephrolithiasis into 2 groups: control (n = 12) and study (n = 39). The control group received a placebo and the study group, nutraceuticals (magnesium chelate, resveratrol, vitamin K2, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid). Laboratory tests (blood and urine) and abdominal imaging (ultrasound) were performed at day 0 and 30 days after enrollment. Monitoring the therapeutic efficacy in both groups was performed on day 30 for the CG and on days 30, 60, and 90 for the EG. The CG cats, after this step, were referred to surgery or to the EG, with prior authorization from their tutors. The diameter of nephrolites was significantly different before and after treatment, indicating a reduction in nephroliths over time. During the use of the nutraceutical formulation by the EG and use of placebo by the CG, there were no clinical and/or laboratory manifestations of side effects.Discussion: The dissolution of nephrolites was correlated with the synergism promoted by the combination of nutraceuticals and not with the individual beneficial action of each nutraceutical since nutraceuticals have individually been used in isolation for a long time in veterinary medicine without having yielded the same benefit. Those undissolved were attributed to a different type of mineral composition than the one associated with the nutraceutical compound in this study, such as struvite or ammonium urate, of mixed composition or comprising solidified dried blood, which has shown an increasing increase in use in recent years. The dissolution of nephrolites was correlated with the synergism promoted by the combination of nutraceuticals and not with the individual beneficial action of each nutraceutical since nutraceuticals have individually been used in isolation for a long time in veterinary medicine without having yielded the same benefit. The undissolved
{"title":"Nutraceuticals for Dissolving Nephrolites in Cats","authors":"Rosemar de Almeida Freitas, B. Alberigi, A. Bendas, C. C. P. Da Veiga, Mário dos Santos Filho, Luciana Martins Corrêa, V. N. Carvalho","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.120950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.120950","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nephrolithiasis is a condition frequently observed in felines, with or without concomitant chronic kidney disease, constituting the major cause of ureteral obstruction and causing progressive damage to the renal parenchyma. About 90% of nephrolites are composed of calcium oxalate, which cannot dissolve, and its incidence has increased substantially in recent years, along with its recurrence. There are functional foods known as nutraceuticals provides health benefits such as renoprotection. Due to these benefits and the high prevalence of nephrolithiasis in feline species, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the association of some nutraceuticals in the dissolution of nephrolites.Materials, Methods & Results: The included cats had an ultrasound diagnosis of nephrolithiasis that, on clinical examination, showed: (i) the absence of previous or concomitant treatment for urinary infections and/or vesical and renal lithiasis; (ii) absence of genitourinary clinical manifestations; (iii) absence of obstructive processes; and (iv) absence of concomitant ureterolithiasis. We separated 51 cats with nephrolithiasis into 2 groups: control (n = 12) and study (n = 39). The control group received a placebo and the study group, nutraceuticals (magnesium chelate, resveratrol, vitamin K2, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid). Laboratory tests (blood and urine) and abdominal imaging (ultrasound) were performed at day 0 and 30 days after enrollment. Monitoring the therapeutic efficacy in both groups was performed on day 30 for the CG and on days 30, 60, and 90 for the EG. The CG cats, after this step, were referred to surgery or to the EG, with prior authorization from their tutors. The diameter of nephrolites was significantly different before and after treatment, indicating a reduction in nephroliths over time. During the use of the nutraceutical formulation by the EG and use of placebo by the CG, there were no clinical and/or laboratory manifestations of side effects.Discussion: The dissolution of nephrolites was correlated with the synergism promoted by the combination of nutraceuticals and not with the individual beneficial action of each nutraceutical since nutraceuticals have individually been used in isolation for a long time in veterinary medicine without having yielded the same benefit. Those undissolved were attributed to a different type of mineral composition than the one associated with the nutraceutical compound in this study, such as struvite or ammonium urate, of mixed composition or comprising solidified dried blood, which has shown an increasing increase in use in recent years. The dissolution of nephrolites was correlated with the synergism promoted by the combination of nutraceuticals and not with the individual beneficial action of each nutraceutical since nutraceuticals have individually been used in isolation for a long time in veterinary medicine without having yielded the same benefit. The undissolved ","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42263560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.116892
Flávia Tavares, Gustavo Carvalho Cobucci, D. D. dos Anjos, C. E. Fonseca-Alves, Thais Ferreira Guimarães, Simone Neves De Campos
Background: Primary pituitary carcinoma is rarely reported in dogs and only few reports describe its malignancy. In veterinary literature, primary pituitary carcinomas correspond up to 2.4% to 3.4% of intracranial neoplasms found in dogs and information regarding its biological behavior is quite limited. In humans, primary pituitary carcinomas represent less than 1.0% of all tumors found in the pituitary gland. The proposed classification for pituitary carcinoma in humans and dogs determines that the tumor must have its origin in adenohypophyseal region and disseminated metastasis by cerebrospinal fluid or systemically to other organs must be observed. In dogs, a few reports have described primary pituitary carcinoma. The goal of this report was to describe clinical, tomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemistry features of a dog with primary pituitary carcinoma with adjacent invasion. Case: A 7-year-old female spayed Golden Retriever dog was assessed by general practice due progressive weight loss, muscular atrophy, lethargy, blindness, head pressing, and hyporexia for 21 days. Computed tomography (CT) showed a cerebral parenchyma with expansive extra-axial base formation, originating from sella turcica topography, measuring about 2.0 centimeter dorsally, displacing the third ventricle, suggesting the diagnosis of pituitary neoplasia. The hormones thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (T4) as well as stimulation ACTH test were unremarkable. After 7 days, neurological clinical signs progressed and unfortunately the patient died ten days later after hospitalization. A necropsy exam revealed pituitary gland with increased dimensions (2.5 x 2.0 cm). Histopathological findings revealed tumor proliferation in pituitary gland. The neoplasm showed invasion to the nervous parenchyma and metastatic foci between the brain lobes. Immunohistochemistry was positive for keratin and neuron-specific enolase and negative for epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, estrogen receptor, CD34, chromogranin, somatostatin, and ACTH. The clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings supported the diagnosis of primary pituitary carcinoma. Discussion: There is lack information regarding pituitary carcinoma prevalence in dogs, and little is known about its pathological and clinical features. The patient showed a shorter survival time (30 days after the onset of clinical signs) for a non-hormonally functional tumor that presented with acute onset of neurological signs due to local effect of an expanding mass, also described in others pituitary carcinoma reports. It was observed a metastatic focus of pituitary neoplasia between cerebral hemispheres, leading us to conclude to be a pituitary carcinoma. Adjacent infiltration was noticed by the presence of neoplasm invasion to the synoptic nervous parenchyma and metastatic foci between the brain lobes as well as the presence of a non-delimited nodular
背景：原发性垂体癌在狗身上的报道很少，只有很少的报道描述其恶性程度。在兽医文献中，原发性垂体癌占狗颅内肿瘤的2.4%至3.4%，关于其生物学行为的信息非常有限。在人类中，原发性垂体癌在垂体中发现的所有肿瘤中所占比例不到1.0%。人类和狗垂体癌的拟议分类确定了肿瘤必须起源于腺垂体区，并且必须观察到通过脑脊液或系统转移到其他器官的播散性转移。在狗身上，一些报道描述了原发性垂体癌。本报告的目的是描述一只患有原发性垂体癌并邻近侵袭的狗的临床、断层、组织病理学和免疫组织化学特征。病例：一只7岁的雌性绝育金毛寻回犬因体重逐渐减轻、肌肉萎缩、嗜睡、失明、压头和低食欲21天而接受全科医学评估。计算机断层扫描（CT）显示，大脑实质具有扩张的轴外基底，起源于鞍区地形，背部约2.0厘米，移位了第三脑室，提示诊断为垂体瘤变。促甲状腺激素（TSH）、总甲状腺素（T4）及促促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）试验均无显著性差异。7天后，神经系统临床症状出现进展，不幸的是，患者在住院10天后死亡。尸检显示垂体体积增大（2.5 x 2.0 cm）。组织病理学检查显示垂体内有肿瘤增生。肿瘤侵犯神经实质，转移灶位于脑叶之间。免疫组化检测角蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性，上皮膜抗原、S-100蛋白、神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白、雌激素受体、CD34、嗜铬粒蛋白、生长抑素和促肾上腺皮质激素阴性。临床、组织病理学和免疫组织化学结果支持原发性垂体癌的诊断。讨论：目前缺乏关于犬垂体癌患病率的信息，对其病理和临床特征知之甚少。该患者的非激素功能性肿瘤的生存时间较短（临床症状出现后30天），由于肿块扩大的局部影响，该肿瘤出现急性神经症状，其他垂体癌报告也有描述。观察到脑半球之间的垂体瘤转移灶，使我们得出垂体瘤的结论。肿瘤侵犯天气神经实质和脑叶之间的转移灶，以及大脑半球之间肿瘤植入的非定界结节区和被肿瘤细胞损害的视神经，可观察到邻近的浸润。本文报道的数据显示，在Ki-67增殖指数为10%的肿瘤中，ACTH受体呈阴性，无垂体依赖性肾上腺皮质激素增多症（PDH）的临床症状。垂体腺癌通常被认为是非分泌性的。CT显示垂直高度为2.5cm的垂体肿块，提示为垂体大肿瘤，尽管兽医文献中缺乏对垂体癌的描述。这只动物的临床状况迅速恶化，很快就死亡了，这表明肿瘤的生物学行为很差。关键词：促肾上腺皮质激素，病例报告，狗，垂体瘤。
{"title":"Pituitary Carcinoma in a Bitch: Clinical, Tomographic, Histopathological and Immunohistochemistry Findings","authors":"Flávia Tavares, Gustavo Carvalho Cobucci, D. D. dos Anjos, C. E. Fonseca-Alves, Thais Ferreira Guimarães, Simone Neves De Campos","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.116892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.116892","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary pituitary carcinoma is rarely reported in dogs and only few reports describe its malignancy. In veterinary literature, primary pituitary carcinomas correspond up to 2.4% to 3.4% of intracranial neoplasms found in dogs and information regarding its biological behavior is quite limited. In humans, primary pituitary carcinomas represent less than 1.0% of all tumors found in the pituitary gland. The proposed classification for pituitary carcinoma in humans and dogs determines that the tumor must have its origin in adenohypophyseal region and disseminated metastasis by cerebrospinal fluid or systemically to other organs must be observed. In dogs, a few reports have described primary pituitary carcinoma. The goal of this report was to describe clinical, tomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemistry features of a dog with primary pituitary carcinoma with adjacent invasion. Case: A 7-year-old female spayed Golden Retriever dog was assessed by general practice due progressive weight loss, muscular atrophy, lethargy, blindness, head pressing, and hyporexia for 21 days. Computed tomography (CT) showed a cerebral parenchyma with expansive extra-axial base formation, originating from sella turcica topography, measuring about 2.0 centimeter dorsally, displacing the third ventricle, suggesting the diagnosis of pituitary neoplasia. The hormones thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (T4) as well as stimulation ACTH test were unremarkable. After 7 days, neurological clinical signs progressed and unfortunately the patient died ten days later after hospitalization. A necropsy exam revealed pituitary gland with increased dimensions (2.5 x 2.0 cm). Histopathological findings revealed tumor proliferation in pituitary gland. The neoplasm showed invasion to the nervous parenchyma and metastatic foci between the brain lobes. Immunohistochemistry was positive for keratin and neuron-specific enolase and negative for epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, estrogen receptor, CD34, chromogranin, somatostatin, and ACTH. The clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings supported the diagnosis of primary pituitary carcinoma. Discussion: There is lack information regarding pituitary carcinoma prevalence in dogs, and little is known about its pathological and clinical features. The patient showed a shorter survival time (30 days after the onset of clinical signs) for a non-hormonally functional tumor that presented with acute onset of neurological signs due to local effect of an expanding mass, also described in others pituitary carcinoma reports. It was observed a metastatic focus of pituitary neoplasia between cerebral hemispheres, leading us to conclude to be a pituitary carcinoma. Adjacent infiltration was noticed by the presence of neoplasm invasion to the synoptic nervous parenchyma and metastatic foci between the brain lobes as well as the presence of a non-delimited nodular","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49426502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.118033
Isabelle Smaniotto Compagnoni, A. Gomes, Ana Paula Brenner Busch Becker, A. Rossa, Lucimara Strugava, J. Brum, J. Moreno, P. Dornbusch
Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb's degree of flexion and the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament is recommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventions may be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A three-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity. On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at the height of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contracted in both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis of flexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region of the metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed; these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. In the right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limb remained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep digital flexor tendon in the palmar region at the middle phalanx of the lateral and medial digits, with this procedure, the limb extended further. Nevertheless, the procedure was not enough to solve the problem in the right thoracic limb, and the patient needed a second surgical intervention, in which we performed again tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the digital annular, crossed sesamoid, and interdigital phalangiosamoid ligaments, associated to the capsule opening of the capsule from the affected right metacarpophalangeal joint. After this surgery, the patient recovered to the normal anatomical position of the right thoracic limb. The procedures were efficient in achieving the normality of both affected limbs, and the patient recovered without postoperative complications.Discussion: In severe flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal joint in bovines, the fetlock's flexor tendons and suspensory ligament are implicated in the limb contracture. For these cases the chosen treatment is surgery with sequential sectioning of the flexor tendons and the suspensory ligament until the extension of the flexed limb occurs. Althou
{"title":"Correction of Flexural Deformity of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint in a Calf","authors":"Isabelle Smaniotto Compagnoni, A. Gomes, Ana Paula Brenner Busch Becker, A. Rossa, Lucimara Strugava, J. Brum, J. Moreno, P. Dornbusch","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.118033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.118033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb's degree of flexion and the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament is recommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventions may be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A three-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity. On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at the height of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contracted in both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis of flexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region of the metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed; these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. In the right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limb remained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep digital flexor tendon in the palmar region at the middle phalanx of the lateral and medial digits, with this procedure, the limb extended further. Nevertheless, the procedure was not enough to solve the problem in the right thoracic limb, and the patient needed a second surgical intervention, in which we performed again tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the digital annular, crossed sesamoid, and interdigital phalangiosamoid ligaments, associated to the capsule opening of the capsule from the affected right metacarpophalangeal joint. After this surgery, the patient recovered to the normal anatomical position of the right thoracic limb. The procedures were efficient in achieving the normality of both affected limbs, and the patient recovered without postoperative complications.Discussion: In severe flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal joint in bovines, the fetlock's flexor tendons and suspensory ligament are implicated in the limb contracture. For these cases the chosen treatment is surgery with sequential sectioning of the flexor tendons and the suspensory ligament until the extension of the flexed limb occurs. Althou","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44190388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-27DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.119749
Julia Perinotto Picelli, Simone Scarpin De Sá, I. Rosado, A. Teodoro, Ana Julia Mota de Lima, Barbara Monteiro Kiellander, R. Serakides, E. Alves
Background: Pulmonary bullae are thin-walled cavitary lesions within the subpleural parenchyma. They are a result of the destruction, dilatation and coalescence of bordering alveoli and their rupture is the most common cause of pneumothorax in dogs. Radiographic and CT imaging are excellent tools for identifying and quantifying pneumothorax. Surgical treatment is considered standard for treatment of pneumothorax consequential to pulmonary bullae. The aim of this report was to describe a case of pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary bullae in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old male crossbreed dog, weighing 11.5 kg, was presented to the Uberaba’s Veterinary Hospital due to becoming easily tired in the previous 3 weeks, and its worsening in the last 2 days by presenting panting. The dog’s guardian did not witness any traumas, but informed that the animal resided with other 14 dogs and also that it frequently collided the thorax against the door when it came down from the bed. Physical examination showed diaphragmatic breathing, inspiratory dyspnea and stridor lung sound. Thoracocentesis revealed presence of air in the pleural cavity and pneumothorax. Radiographic images confirmed this condition. The dog stayed in the hospital and chest drains were placed. Since the amount of sucked air did not reduce with time and due to the emergence of subcutaneous emphysema, the dog went through exploratory thoracotomy that revealed impairment of the right caudal lung lobe, proceeding to lobectomy. The dog stayed in the hospital with chest drains until the contents of the suctions reduced significantly. With the removal of the drains, the dog was sent home and had a full recovery. Histopathology of the impaired lung revealed pulmonary bullae.Discussion: The dog from this report presented clinical signs consistent with pneumothorax, such as dyspnea, diaphragmatic breathing and exercise intolerance. Radiography of the chest region revealed images consistent with this condition, as it is an excellent tool for identifying it. This dog’s guardian was unable to confirm if there was occurrence of trauma due to the large number of cohabitants. In dogs, spontaneous pneumothorax commonly results from the rupture of pulmonary bullae, and these bullae may result from trauma, infectious diseases, thrombosis, obstructive, neoplastic, congenital or idiopathic conditions. Except from trauma, there were no evidence to support any of the other causes of pulmonary bullae in this case. Traumatic injuries are very common in veterinary medicine, and blunt thoracic traumas with consequential pneumothorax are especially common. The emerging of subcutaneous emphysema, as happened with this dog, is frequently associated with pneumomediastine, and rarely has pathophysiologic impairments. The patient stayed in the hospital for support therapy and thoracocentesis, corroborating with literature; but since there was no improvement, it went through exploratory lobectomy, which revealed impairment of the r
{"title":"Pneumothorax secondary to a Pulmonary Bullae in a dog","authors":"Julia Perinotto Picelli, Simone Scarpin De Sá, I. Rosado, A. Teodoro, Ana Julia Mota de Lima, Barbara Monteiro Kiellander, R. Serakides, E. Alves","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.119749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.119749","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pulmonary bullae are thin-walled cavitary lesions within the subpleural parenchyma. They are a result of the destruction, dilatation and coalescence of bordering alveoli and their rupture is the most common cause of pneumothorax in dogs. Radiographic and CT imaging are excellent tools for identifying and quantifying pneumothorax. Surgical treatment is considered standard for treatment of pneumothorax consequential to pulmonary bullae. The aim of this report was to describe a case of pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary bullae in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old male crossbreed dog, weighing 11.5 kg, was presented to the Uberaba’s Veterinary Hospital due to becoming easily tired in the previous 3 weeks, and its worsening in the last 2 days by presenting panting. The dog’s guardian did not witness any traumas, but informed that the animal resided with other 14 dogs and also that it frequently collided the thorax against the door when it came down from the bed. Physical examination showed diaphragmatic breathing, inspiratory dyspnea and stridor lung sound. Thoracocentesis revealed presence of air in the pleural cavity and pneumothorax. Radiographic images confirmed this condition. The dog stayed in the hospital and chest drains were placed. Since the amount of sucked air did not reduce with time and due to the emergence of subcutaneous emphysema, the dog went through exploratory thoracotomy that revealed impairment of the right caudal lung lobe, proceeding to lobectomy. The dog stayed in the hospital with chest drains until the contents of the suctions reduced significantly. With the removal of the drains, the dog was sent home and had a full recovery. Histopathology of the impaired lung revealed pulmonary bullae.Discussion: The dog from this report presented clinical signs consistent with pneumothorax, such as dyspnea, diaphragmatic breathing and exercise intolerance. Radiography of the chest region revealed images consistent with this condition, as it is an excellent tool for identifying it. This dog’s guardian was unable to confirm if there was occurrence of trauma due to the large number of cohabitants. In dogs, spontaneous pneumothorax commonly results from the rupture of pulmonary bullae, and these bullae may result from trauma, infectious diseases, thrombosis, obstructive, neoplastic, congenital or idiopathic conditions. Except from trauma, there were no evidence to support any of the other causes of pulmonary bullae in this case. Traumatic injuries are very common in veterinary medicine, and blunt thoracic traumas with consequential pneumothorax are especially common. The emerging of subcutaneous emphysema, as happened with this dog, is frequently associated with pneumomediastine, and rarely has pathophysiologic impairments. The patient stayed in the hospital for support therapy and thoracocentesis, corroborating with literature; but since there was no improvement, it went through exploratory lobectomy, which revealed impairment of the r","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43305296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-27DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.120479
Lícia Flávia Silva Herculano, A. Ripplinger, D. A. Ferrarin, M. Schwab, M. Wrzesinski, J. Rauber, C. V. Vaccarin, Amanda Azevedo Dal Pozzolo, A. Mazzanti
Background: Postoperative care after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs generally includes rest, physical therapy, and analgesics such as opioids. Currently, there is no established standard for the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing hemilaminectomy. Ideally, an analgesic protocol should provide adequate pain relief with limited sedation, low adverse effects, and postoperative patient comfort. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate postoperative analgesia using transdermal fentanyl or intramuscular methadone in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy associated with intervertebral disc fenestration (HT) for the treatment of intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).Materials, Methods & Results: Eight dogs from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of a veterinary teaching hospital, submitted to HT for the treatment of IVDE, were included. The dogs were randomly distributed into two groups of equal numbers, namely the transdermal fentanyl (FT) group and the intramuscular methadone (IM) group. At the end of the surgical procedure, a fentanyl adhesive patch was applied to the animals in the FT group, which remained there for 72 h. In the IM group, analgesia was induced by intramuscular administration of methadone at intervals of 6 h until 72 h after surgery. The animals were evaluated using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (SF-GCPS). Evaluations of physiological parameters, side effects, and pain were performed by two assessors who had experience using the pain scale and were blinded to the analgesic protocol. Pain evaluations were performed every 2 h (from T4) until 24 h after the surgical procedure. Evaluations were performed every 4 h from 24 h to 48 h after the surgical procedure and at intervals of 24 h from 48 h to 72 h.Discussion: Transdermal fentanyl provided the lowest pain scores, when evaluated by the SF-GCPS, for both assessors. These data are presented as a function of time in Figure 1, which shows the variation in pain scores by SF-GCPS over time. It should be noted that, for both assessors, animals in the FT group had lower pain scores than animals in the IM group. There was also less variation in pain scores in the FT group, indicating better analgesic quality. This can be explained by the maintenance of the drug’s plasma concentrations in a stable manner, avoiding periods of greater or lesser pain throughout the evaluation period due to the absence of increases or decreases in plasma concentration. In the IM group, three analgesic rescues were required; in the FT group, there was no rescue. Although the data indicate that IM was responsible for a greater occurrence in the number of rescues, it is worth noting that this information is based on a small group of animals. One dog needed two rescues (at T4 and T8), regarding which both assessors agreed, while another required one rescue (at T18), but there was a difference of one point between the raters. However, pain scores in all of t
{"title":"Postoperative Analgesia with Transdermal Fentanyl or Intramuscular Methadone in Dogs Submitted to Thoracolumbar Hemilaminectomy","authors":"Lícia Flávia Silva Herculano, A. Ripplinger, D. A. Ferrarin, M. Schwab, M. Wrzesinski, J. Rauber, C. V. Vaccarin, Amanda Azevedo Dal Pozzolo, A. Mazzanti","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.120479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.120479","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postoperative care after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs generally includes rest, physical therapy, and analgesics such as opioids. Currently, there is no established standard for the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing hemilaminectomy. Ideally, an analgesic protocol should provide adequate pain relief with limited sedation, low adverse effects, and postoperative patient comfort. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate postoperative analgesia using transdermal fentanyl or intramuscular methadone in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy associated with intervertebral disc fenestration (HT) for the treatment of intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).Materials, Methods & Results: Eight dogs from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of a veterinary teaching hospital, submitted to HT for the treatment of IVDE, were included. The dogs were randomly distributed into two groups of equal numbers, namely the transdermal fentanyl (FT) group and the intramuscular methadone (IM) group. At the end of the surgical procedure, a fentanyl adhesive patch was applied to the animals in the FT group, which remained there for 72 h. In the IM group, analgesia was induced by intramuscular administration of methadone at intervals of 6 h until 72 h after surgery. The animals were evaluated using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (SF-GCPS). Evaluations of physiological parameters, side effects, and pain were performed by two assessors who had experience using the pain scale and were blinded to the analgesic protocol. Pain evaluations were performed every 2 h (from T4) until 24 h after the surgical procedure. Evaluations were performed every 4 h from 24 h to 48 h after the surgical procedure and at intervals of 24 h from 48 h to 72 h.Discussion: Transdermal fentanyl provided the lowest pain scores, when evaluated by the SF-GCPS, for both assessors. These data are presented as a function of time in Figure 1, which shows the variation in pain scores by SF-GCPS over time. It should be noted that, for both assessors, animals in the FT group had lower pain scores than animals in the IM group. There was also less variation in pain scores in the FT group, indicating better analgesic quality. This can be explained by the maintenance of the drug’s plasma concentrations in a stable manner, avoiding periods of greater or lesser pain throughout the evaluation period due to the absence of increases or decreases in plasma concentration. In the IM group, three analgesic rescues were required; in the FT group, there was no rescue. Although the data indicate that IM was responsible for a greater occurrence in the number of rescues, it is worth noting that this information is based on a small group of animals. One dog needed two rescues (at T4 and T8), regarding which both assessors agreed, while another required one rescue (at T18), but there was a difference of one point between the raters. However, pain scores in all of t","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43417186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.120543
M. G. Ferreira, A. Michel, L. P. G. Reis, A. Botelho, C. Duarte, C. Chávez-Olórtegui, M. M. Melo
Background: Scorpionism is a worldwide medical issue, especially relevant in the tropical and subtropical countries. Tityus serrulatus is the species responsible for most cases in Brazil. Antivenom administration to victims is the sole specific therapy obtained from donor animals. Most of these donors suffer with symptoms of the poisoning, debilitating their health and reducing their life expectancy. The aim of the present research was to evaluate whether the immunogens prepared from the crude and detoxified venom of T. serrulatus promoted different changes in fractionated sheep plasma proteins, during a scorpion antivenom serum production.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve sheep, healthy, mean weight of 30 kg, were distributed into 3 groups (n = 4): G1 (control), G2 (crude venom) and G3 (detoxified venom). The adopted immunization protocol (first cycle) had 6 doses, 3 using Freund's adjuvant, with a 21-day interval between each one (day 0, 22 and 43), and 3 doses with no adjuvant (booster) and 0.2 mg of antigen (reinforcement), spaced 3 days between each other (day 50, 53 and 56). Group control (G1) received 6 immunizations with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) associated with Freund's adjuvant (1:1), while the other 2 groups received 0.5 mg of venom (G2) and detoxified venom (G3), respectively, diluted in PBS, associated with the Freund adjuvant. The boosters were 1/3 of the initial dose, diluted only PBS. At baseline (T0) and at 24 and 48 h after immunization, all animals underwent clinical examinations. Blood samples were collected at day 0, 22, 43, 53 and 56 for proteinogram analysis. Total protein, albumin and globulins fractions were measured. Plasma albumin concentration at T0 ranged from 3.41-4.86 g/dL, with a mean value of 4.12 g/dL. There was no statistical difference between the 3 experimental groups. The normal values determined for α-globulin range from 0.14 to 0.54 g/dL, with a mean of 0.31 g/dL (T0). There was a significant increase in the 3rd immunization and its respective interval (24-48 h), with values above normal in all groups: G1 (0.66 g/dL), G2 (0.62 g/dL) and G3 (0.65g/dL). The β-globulin was subdivided into β1 and β2 globulin. At T0, the normal values of β1 ranged from 0.45 to 1.05 g/dL, with a mean of 0.664 g/dL, and no significant change was observed in this classification. On the other hand, there was an abrupt increase in β2 in all groups after the first immunization, compared to the baseline value in T0 (0.37 g/dL mean value). From the third to the 6th immunization, there was an important reduction in β2 fraction when compared with baseline value. The γ-globulins fraction ranged from 0.80 g/dL to 76 g/dL. In the 6th immunization, there was a significant difference between G1 and the groups that received venom (G2 and G3). Therefore, all animals presented an acute inflammatory response, evidenced by the significant reduction of plasma albumin and an increase in α-globulin and β2-globulin. It is important to point ou
{"title":"Proteinogram of Immunized Sheep with Detoxified Tiyus serrulatus Scorpion Venom","authors":"M. G. Ferreira, A. Michel, L. P. G. Reis, A. Botelho, C. Duarte, C. Chávez-Olórtegui, M. M. Melo","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.120543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.120543","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scorpionism is a worldwide medical issue, especially relevant in the tropical and subtropical countries. Tityus serrulatus is the species responsible for most cases in Brazil. Antivenom administration to victims is the sole specific therapy obtained from donor animals. Most of these donors suffer with symptoms of the poisoning, debilitating their health and reducing their life expectancy. The aim of the present research was to evaluate whether the immunogens prepared from the crude and detoxified venom of T. serrulatus promoted different changes in fractionated sheep plasma proteins, during a scorpion antivenom serum production.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve sheep, healthy, mean weight of 30 kg, were distributed into 3 groups (n = 4): G1 (control), G2 (crude venom) and G3 (detoxified venom). The adopted immunization protocol (first cycle) had 6 doses, 3 using Freund's adjuvant, with a 21-day interval between each one (day 0, 22 and 43), and 3 doses with no adjuvant (booster) and 0.2 mg of antigen (reinforcement), spaced 3 days between each other (day 50, 53 and 56). Group control (G1) received 6 immunizations with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) associated with Freund's adjuvant (1:1), while the other 2 groups received 0.5 mg of venom (G2) and detoxified venom (G3), respectively, diluted in PBS, associated with the Freund adjuvant. The boosters were 1/3 of the initial dose, diluted only PBS. At baseline (T0) and at 24 and 48 h after immunization, all animals underwent clinical examinations. Blood samples were collected at day 0, 22, 43, 53 and 56 for proteinogram analysis. Total protein, albumin and globulins fractions were measured. Plasma albumin concentration at T0 ranged from 3.41-4.86 g/dL, with a mean value of 4.12 g/dL. There was no statistical difference between the 3 experimental groups. The normal values determined for α-globulin range from 0.14 to 0.54 g/dL, with a mean of 0.31 g/dL (T0). There was a significant increase in the 3rd immunization and its respective interval (24-48 h), with values above normal in all groups: G1 (0.66 g/dL), G2 (0.62 g/dL) and G3 (0.65g/dL). The β-globulin was subdivided into β1 and β2 globulin. At T0, the normal values of β1 ranged from 0.45 to 1.05 g/dL, with a mean of 0.664 g/dL, and no significant change was observed in this classification. On the other hand, there was an abrupt increase in β2 in all groups after the first immunization, compared to the baseline value in T0 (0.37 g/dL mean value). From the third to the 6th immunization, there was an important reduction in β2 fraction when compared with baseline value. The γ-globulins fraction ranged from 0.80 g/dL to 76 g/dL. In the 6th immunization, there was a significant difference between G1 and the groups that received venom (G2 and G3). Therefore, all animals presented an acute inflammatory response, evidenced by the significant reduction of plasma albumin and an increase in α-globulin and β2-globulin. It is important to point ou","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46954689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.117341
Julia Das Graças Gritzenco, Adilson Paulo Marchioni Cabral, A. Albuquerque, Juliana das Chagas Goulart, Felipe Jacques Sanches, N. Merlini, Beatriz Gasser, P. Marcusso
Background: The Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT), classified as a round cell tumor, is considered one of the oldest existing tumors. It affects dogs all over the world and has a contagious characteristic. Despite the good response to clinical treatment in most cases, it can sometimes have non-classical presentations and even different behavior. Thus, the present study aims to report 3 cases of atypical TVT treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the State University of Maringá (UEM) in Umuarama, Paraná, aiming to describe the epidemiology and clinical-pathological aspects, focusing on the diagnostic method used, the treatment of choice and the clinical follow-up of each case.Cases: Case records of 3 intact male mongrel dogs with atypical Transmissible Venereal Tumor (case 1: intranasal; case 2: intra-abdominal and case 3: cutaneous with lymph node metastasis) were reviewed regarding history, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, examination findings, results and findings of complementary exams (hematological, biochemical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and cytological), treatment, follow-up and final result. Case 1: had an ulcerated mass in the nasal plane causing significant airway obstruction and respiratory difficulty. Case 2: had a lesion in a typical location (penile mucosa in the glans area) but with a large intra-abdominal mass in the lumbar paravertebral region, causing compression of important structures. Case 3: on the other hand, had cutaneous TVT with several ulcerated plaque lesions all over the skin, in addition to popliteal lymph node enlargement due to metastasis later confirmed by microscopy. All dogs reported were mixed breed, intact males with free access to the street. Despite the fact that each patient had their own anatomical tumor characteristics, they were all diagnosed through cytological examination and all classified as lymphocytic TVT. The standard treatment for this neoplasm was instituted; the chosen chemotherapy was vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 intravenously every 7 days for 5-7 weeks. In addition, all 3 animals needed supportive treatment due to anorexia, bacterial contamination secondary to injuries, dehydration and pain.Discussion: Usually, TVT is not considered malignant, not causing metastasis, however it is now known that its behavior has changed a lot and more and more cases of metastatic or highly infiltrative TVT have been reported. The 3 cases presented in this report had epidemiological characteristics as mentioned in the literature, but the location, macroscopic and radiographic characteristics are uncommon for this neoplasm, that is, with an atypical tumor presentation. This demonstrates the importance of a good clinical evaluation and, especially, of the cytological exam, which was essential for the definitive diagnosis for the three cases presented. It is speculated that more “aggressive” cases of TVT may be correlated with the plasmacytic cytological type, howeve
{"title":"Atypical Transmissible Venereal Tumor in Dogs","authors":"Julia Das Graças Gritzenco, Adilson Paulo Marchioni Cabral, A. Albuquerque, Juliana das Chagas Goulart, Felipe Jacques Sanches, N. Merlini, Beatriz Gasser, P. Marcusso","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.117341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.117341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT), classified as a round cell tumor, is considered one of the oldest existing tumors. It affects dogs all over the world and has a contagious characteristic. Despite the good response to clinical treatment in most cases, it can sometimes have non-classical presentations and even different behavior. Thus, the present study aims to report 3 cases of atypical TVT treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the State University of Maringá (UEM) in Umuarama, Paraná, aiming to describe the epidemiology and clinical-pathological aspects, focusing on the diagnostic method used, the treatment of choice and the clinical follow-up of each case.Cases: Case records of 3 intact male mongrel dogs with atypical Transmissible Venereal Tumor (case 1: intranasal; case 2: intra-abdominal and case 3: cutaneous with lymph node metastasis) were reviewed regarding history, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, examination findings, results and findings of complementary exams (hematological, biochemical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and cytological), treatment, follow-up and final result. Case 1: had an ulcerated mass in the nasal plane causing significant airway obstruction and respiratory difficulty. Case 2: had a lesion in a typical location (penile mucosa in the glans area) but with a large intra-abdominal mass in the lumbar paravertebral region, causing compression of important structures. Case 3: on the other hand, had cutaneous TVT with several ulcerated plaque lesions all over the skin, in addition to popliteal lymph node enlargement due to metastasis later confirmed by microscopy. All dogs reported were mixed breed, intact males with free access to the street. Despite the fact that each patient had their own anatomical tumor characteristics, they were all diagnosed through cytological examination and all classified as lymphocytic TVT. The standard treatment for this neoplasm was instituted; the chosen chemotherapy was vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 intravenously every 7 days for 5-7 weeks. In addition, all 3 animals needed supportive treatment due to anorexia, bacterial contamination secondary to injuries, dehydration and pain.Discussion: Usually, TVT is not considered malignant, not causing metastasis, however it is now known that its behavior has changed a lot and more and more cases of metastatic or highly infiltrative TVT have been reported. The 3 cases presented in this report had epidemiological characteristics as mentioned in the literature, but the location, macroscopic and radiographic characteristics are uncommon for this neoplasm, that is, with an atypical tumor presentation. This demonstrates the importance of a good clinical evaluation and, especially, of the cytological exam, which was essential for the definitive diagnosis for the three cases presented. It is speculated that more “aggressive” cases of TVT may be correlated with the plasmacytic cytological type, howeve","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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