Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.106149
Marcus Vinícius Alves da Silva, M. L. Ferreira, A. Michel, Thiago Santos Ribeiro, Vinícius de Oliveira Costa Souza, Jacson Vale Leite, Guilherme Oliveira Da Silva, F. A. Filho
Background : Otitis is a severe inflammation of the skin of the auditory canal which can impact animals of all ages. In sheep, this disease can occur in isolated cases or in the entire flock. Laser photobiomodulation can be used in combination with medication or as single therapy and the effects are analgesia, modulation of the inflammatory process, edema reduction, tissue restoration and stimulation of local microcirculation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy stands out as a promising alternative to antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of localized infections. This study aimed to report the use of laser phototherapies on a sheep with bacterial otitis. Case : A case of bacterial otitis in a 4-year-old sheep, Dorper, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Santa Cruz. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the patient presented crusts in the auricular pavilions, and had been medicated with oxytetracycline 20%, administered intramuscularly, for two days and the crusts cleaned with iodine 10%, but the animal did not present clinical improvement. On physical examination, the animal presented constant head swaying, edema of the ears, otalgia, enlarged parotid lymph nodes and ear wounds. No ear discharge was observed, and the initial diagnosis was aural hematoma. The treatment prescribed was laser photobiomodulation for three consecutive days. The lesions were irradiated with a diode laser with a power of 0.1 W, irradiance of 3.5 W/cm 2 , continuous emission, spot area of 0.028 cm 2 , wavelength of 808 nm, energy of 4J/point, and fluency/point of 142.8J/cm 2 , with seven points on the external surface and four points on the internal surface of both ears. Two points were also targeted on the parotid lymph nodes with infrared laser (λ = 808 nm), with energy of 2J/point. On the fourth day of hospitalization, there was a reduction in lesions, decreased edema and absence of pain and on the sixth day of hospitalization, the patient presented mucopurulent otorrhea. The material from the auricular pavilions was collected for cytological examination, confirming the clinical diagnosis of bacterial otitis. Two sessions of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) were performed with an interval of 48 hours, with application of 0.01 % methylene blue, pre-irradiation time of five minutes and irradiation with diode laser with a power of 0.1 W, 660 nm wavelength and 9J/point energy. On the 10 th day after the start of the treatment, there was no pain, healing of ear wounds, and no otorrhea. An additional photobiomodulation session was performed on the unhealed wounds in the auditory canal with red laser (λ = 660nm), on 5 points with an energy of 1J/point. On the 15th day, the left ear was healed and the right ear presented otorrhea, and a further session of aPDT was performed. On the 17th day after starting treatment there was no secretion and all lesions were healed. The patient was subsequently monitored for one month, showing no chan
{"title":"Laser Photobiomodulation and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Ovine Otitis","authors":"Marcus Vinícius Alves da Silva, M. L. Ferreira, A. Michel, Thiago Santos Ribeiro, Vinícius de Oliveira Costa Souza, Jacson Vale Leite, Guilherme Oliveira Da Silva, F. A. Filho","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.106149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.106149","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Otitis is a severe inflammation of the skin of the auditory canal which can impact animals of all ages. In sheep, this disease can occur in isolated cases or in the entire flock. Laser photobiomodulation can be used in combination with medication or as single therapy and the effects are analgesia, modulation of the inflammatory process, edema reduction, tissue restoration and stimulation of local microcirculation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy stands out as a promising alternative to antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of localized infections. This study aimed to report the use of laser phototherapies on a sheep with bacterial otitis. Case : A case of bacterial otitis in a 4-year-old sheep, Dorper, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Santa Cruz. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the patient presented crusts in the auricular pavilions, and had been medicated with oxytetracycline 20%, administered intramuscularly, for two days and the crusts cleaned with iodine 10%, but the animal did not present clinical improvement. On physical examination, the animal presented constant head swaying, edema of the ears, otalgia, enlarged parotid lymph nodes and ear wounds. No ear discharge was observed, and the initial diagnosis was aural hematoma. The treatment prescribed was laser photobiomodulation for three consecutive days. The lesions were irradiated with a diode laser with a power of 0.1 W, irradiance of 3.5 W/cm 2 , continuous emission, spot area of 0.028 cm 2 , wavelength of 808 nm, energy of 4J/point, and fluency/point of 142.8J/cm 2 , with seven points on the external surface and four points on the internal surface of both ears. Two points were also targeted on the parotid lymph nodes with infrared laser (λ = 808 nm), with energy of 2J/point. On the fourth day of hospitalization, there was a reduction in lesions, decreased edema and absence of pain and on the sixth day of hospitalization, the patient presented mucopurulent otorrhea. The material from the auricular pavilions was collected for cytological examination, confirming the clinical diagnosis of bacterial otitis. Two sessions of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) were performed with an interval of 48 hours, with application of 0.01 % methylene blue, pre-irradiation time of five minutes and irradiation with diode laser with a power of 0.1 W, 660 nm wavelength and 9J/point energy. On the 10 th day after the start of the treatment, there was no pain, healing of ear wounds, and no otorrhea. An additional photobiomodulation session was performed on the unhealed wounds in the auditory canal with red laser (λ = 660nm), on 5 points with an energy of 1J/point. On the 15th day, the left ear was healed and the right ear presented otorrhea, and a further session of aPDT was performed. On the 17th day after starting treatment there was no secretion and all lesions were healed. The patient was subsequently monitored for one month, showing no chan","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43216904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.108475
Leidiane Uchôa Soares Diamantino, Angélica Prado de Oliveira, Kaenna dos Santos Andrade, Marcos W.C. Santos, Zayan Silva Pereira, F. L. Mendonça, Layze Cilmara Alves da Silva Vieira
Background : The Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a round cell neoplasia, of contagious nature, common in the canine species, which mainly affects external genitalia. Despite metastasis being uncommon, the extragenital involvement can occur via the lymphatic or hematogenous route to regional lymph nodes, skin, subcutaneous tissue, nasal and oral mucosa, as well as the central nervous system. When the location of the tumor is genital the clinical diagnosis can be conclusive, however if it presents extragenital forms, cytological or histopathological studies are necessary for the confirmation. This work describes a case of TVT with cutaneous metastasis in a female dog with leishmaniasis. Case : A 3-year old crossbred female dog was attended at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (CMPA) of the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of West Bahia (UFOB), Barra Multidisciplinary Center. This neutered bitch dewormed, never vaccinated, rescued from the streets at the age of two and a half, had a prior history of ehrlichiosis and pyometra. The owner reported apathy, anorexia, cachexia, depression and sternal decubitus of the animal, as well as episodes of vomiting and recurrent fever. During the physical examination were observed respiratory and heart rates within normality ranges, with predominance of slightly pale mucous membranes, reactive left prescapular lymph node and subcutaneous nodular mass, not adhered to the musculature, located in the medial portion of the thirteenth left rib. Were also evidenced onychogryphosis, opaque, shineless and brittle fur, with pruritic and lichenified exfoliative dermatitis in the left scapular region, ear tips and snout, presence of a discreet quantity of brownish-colored vulvar discharge with a putrid odor. In the cytological examination, was verified the presence of cells with characteristics of TVT located in the genital mucosa, developing atypical metastasis in the cutaneous tissue in the region of the thirteenth rib, and by means of the cytomorphometric analysis of the extracellular matrix of the left popliteal lymph node, confirmed positivity for leishmaniasis. The symptomatic treatment was started aiming to restore the patient for subsequent treatment of the TVT and leishmaniasis, however, due to the non-responsiveness and worsening of the clinical picture, the owner opted for the euthanasia of the animal. Discussion : It is possible to conclude that the TVT can affect extragenital locations, although it is considered to be rare. Emphasizing that the canine species is regarded as an important reservoir of Leishmania sp . , with a prominent role in the maintenance and interaction between the cycle of the disease, attention is drawn in this case for the risk to One Health, as the contact of this dog with phlebotomines, may have enabled, whilst alive, the perpetuation and transmission of the disease to other susceptible animals and human beings. As they are distinct diseases, but wit
{"title":"Transmissible Venereal Tumor Associated with Cutaneous Metastasis and Leishmaniasis in a Bitch","authors":"Leidiane Uchôa Soares Diamantino, Angélica Prado de Oliveira, Kaenna dos Santos Andrade, Marcos W.C. Santos, Zayan Silva Pereira, F. L. Mendonça, Layze Cilmara Alves da Silva Vieira","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.108475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.108475","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a round cell neoplasia, of contagious nature, common in the canine species, which mainly affects external genitalia. Despite metastasis being uncommon, the extragenital involvement can occur via the lymphatic or hematogenous route to regional lymph nodes, skin, subcutaneous tissue, nasal and oral mucosa, as well as the central nervous system. When the location of the tumor is genital the clinical diagnosis can be conclusive, however if it presents extragenital forms, cytological or histopathological studies are necessary for the confirmation. This work describes a case of TVT with cutaneous metastasis in a female dog with leishmaniasis. Case : A 3-year old crossbred female dog was attended at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (CMPA) of the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of West Bahia (UFOB), Barra Multidisciplinary Center. This neutered bitch dewormed, never vaccinated, rescued from the streets at the age of two and a half, had a prior history of ehrlichiosis and pyometra. The owner reported apathy, anorexia, cachexia, depression and sternal decubitus of the animal, as well as episodes of vomiting and recurrent fever. During the physical examination were observed respiratory and heart rates within normality ranges, with predominance of slightly pale mucous membranes, reactive left prescapular lymph node and subcutaneous nodular mass, not adhered to the musculature, located in the medial portion of the thirteenth left rib. Were also evidenced onychogryphosis, opaque, shineless and brittle fur, with pruritic and lichenified exfoliative dermatitis in the left scapular region, ear tips and snout, presence of a discreet quantity of brownish-colored vulvar discharge with a putrid odor. In the cytological examination, was verified the presence of cells with characteristics of TVT located in the genital mucosa, developing atypical metastasis in the cutaneous tissue in the region of the thirteenth rib, and by means of the cytomorphometric analysis of the extracellular matrix of the left popliteal lymph node, confirmed positivity for leishmaniasis. The symptomatic treatment was started aiming to restore the patient for subsequent treatment of the TVT and leishmaniasis, however, due to the non-responsiveness and worsening of the clinical picture, the owner opted for the euthanasia of the animal. Discussion : It is possible to conclude that the TVT can affect extragenital locations, although it is considered to be rare. Emphasizing that the canine species is regarded as an important reservoir of Leishmania sp . , with a prominent role in the maintenance and interaction between the cycle of the disease, attention is drawn in this case for the risk to One Health, as the contact of this dog with phlebotomines, may have enabled, whilst alive, the perpetuation and transmission of the disease to other susceptible animals and human beings. As they are distinct diseases, but wit","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42762025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.111565
Asif Masih, A. Rafique, F. Jabeen, S. Naz
Background : Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and is one of the most important bovine diseases that causes huge economic losses and high mortality in young animals. This disease is transmitted by a protozoan parasite babesia which belongs to genus Babesia (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida: Babesiidae). This disease is very much prevalent in summers followed by rainy season because humid environment is favorable for the growth of these parasites. An epidemiological and molecular study was conducted to unveil the prevalence and associated risk factors of Babesia bigemina ( B . bigemina ) and Babesia bovis ( B . bovis ) in selected districts i.e., Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials, Methods & Results : A total of 518 (Cattle = 360, Buffalo = 158) blood samples were collected. The samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR (n-PCR) targeting apocytochrome b-genes ( CYTb ). Chi-square test for univariate analysis was used to analyze the data. The overall prevalence in summer based upon microscopic analysis was 20.55% (37/180) and 13.92% (11/79) in cattle and buffaloes respectively and in winter was 8.80% (16/180), 5.06% (4/79)) in cattle and buffaloes respectively. The samples were further analyzed through conventional PCR (c-PCR) and nested PCR (nPCR). The overall results of conventional PCR in summer showed that 72 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. The conventional PCR based results of summer showed that prevalence of babesiosis was 29.44% (53/180) in cows and 24.05% (19/79) buffaloes. The results of cPCR during the winter season showed that 12.77% (23/180) and 13.92% (11/79) buffaloes were positive for babesiosis. The overall results of conventional PCR in winter showed that 34/259 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. On the other hand, the nested PCR results of summer season showed that the prevalence of babesiosis in cows was 32.22% (58/180) and 29.11% (23/79) in buffaloes . In total, 81 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis during summer season. The nPCR results of winter showed that 15% (27/180) cows and 20.25% (16/79) buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. In total, 43 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. The results have shown that sensitivity of n-PCR is more as compared to conventional PCR. This study is the first molecular evidence of B. bigemina and B. bovis and its associated risk factors in Punjab province, Pakistan. Discussion : Dairy sector in Pakistan is one of the fastest growing sectors. Despite of remarkable growth, dairy industry is facing many problems one of them is tick borne diseases (TBDs). TBDs are more prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and leads to huge economic losses to dairy industry in terms of decreased milk, meat and wool production. Babesiosis is characterized by increased fever, decreased production, poor quality wool, anemia, hemoglobinuria, paleness of mucous membrane. The risk fact
{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Babesiosis in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Asif Masih, A. Rafique, F. Jabeen, S. Naz","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.111565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.111565","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and is one of the most important bovine diseases that causes huge economic losses and high mortality in young animals. This disease is transmitted by a protozoan parasite babesia which belongs to genus Babesia (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida: Babesiidae). This disease is very much prevalent in summers followed by rainy season because humid environment is favorable for the growth of these parasites. An epidemiological and molecular study was conducted to unveil the prevalence and associated risk factors of Babesia bigemina ( B . bigemina ) and Babesia bovis ( B . bovis ) in selected districts i.e., Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials, Methods & Results : A total of 518 (Cattle = 360, Buffalo = 158) blood samples were collected. The samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR (n-PCR) targeting apocytochrome b-genes ( CYTb ). Chi-square test for univariate analysis was used to analyze the data. The overall prevalence in summer based upon microscopic analysis was 20.55% (37/180) and 13.92% (11/79) in cattle and buffaloes respectively and in winter was 8.80% (16/180), 5.06% (4/79)) in cattle and buffaloes respectively. The samples were further analyzed through conventional PCR (c-PCR) and nested PCR (nPCR). The overall results of conventional PCR in summer showed that 72 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. The conventional PCR based results of summer showed that prevalence of babesiosis was 29.44% (53/180) in cows and 24.05% (19/79) buffaloes. The results of cPCR during the winter season showed that 12.77% (23/180) and 13.92% (11/79) buffaloes were positive for babesiosis. The overall results of conventional PCR in winter showed that 34/259 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. On the other hand, the nested PCR results of summer season showed that the prevalence of babesiosis in cows was 32.22% (58/180) and 29.11% (23/79) in buffaloes . In total, 81 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis during summer season. The nPCR results of winter showed that 15% (27/180) cows and 20.25% (16/79) buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. In total, 43 cows and buffaloes were infected with babesiosis. The results have shown that sensitivity of n-PCR is more as compared to conventional PCR. This study is the first molecular evidence of B. bigemina and B. bovis and its associated risk factors in Punjab province, Pakistan. Discussion : Dairy sector in Pakistan is one of the fastest growing sectors. Despite of remarkable growth, dairy industry is facing many problems one of them is tick borne diseases (TBDs). TBDs are more prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and leads to huge economic losses to dairy industry in terms of decreased milk, meat and wool production. Babesiosis is characterized by increased fever, decreased production, poor quality wool, anemia, hemoglobinuria, paleness of mucous membrane. The risk fact","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45421189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-10DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.111672
Giovanna Lapkoski Bonatto, Victoria Gariba E Silva, Lucas Jocemir Favero, Natália Noreika Kano, R. S. de Sousa, V. Albernaz
Background : Feline mammary hyperplasia (FMH) is a benign disease that commonly affects young females, once it is caused by the exaggerated stimulation of endogenous or exogenous progestogen. FMH leads to acute edema and inflammation of the mammary glands and frequently evolve to ulcerations, secondary infections, and systemic clinical signs. Even though it is rare in male cats, progesterone therapy or an unknown endogenous source of hormone can cause the disease. This report aims to describe a case of FMH in a male feline with no history of hormonal treatment and treated with radical surgical resection. Case : A 7-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented due to acute onset of generalized mammary tumors which had progressed for 18 days. Tumors size had 5 cm large in diameter, symmetric, bilateral, and affected all mammary glands. The tissue was firm, hyperemic, and ulcerated. FMH was initially suspected but with a differential diagnosis for mammary adenocarcinoma. Except for pain on tumor palpation, there was no other clinical abnormality. Survey thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound did not find signs of metastasis or hermaphroditism. Fine-needle aspirate biopsy and further cytological examination were inconclusive. Surgical resection through a single-stage bilateral total mastectomy and reconstruction using a left flank fold flap was elected. There were no intraoperative complications and the cat recovered well, with good healing and no clinical signs 21 days after the surgery. Histological examination of the mammary glands confirmed the diagnosis of FMH due to the non-neoplastic characteristics and tissue’s benign biological behavior. Eleven months after diagnosis, the cat was asymptomatic. Discussion : The FMH frequently affects young females and is associated with gestational periods, the end of the estrous cycle, and, most commonly, hormonal therapy with synthetic progesterone. Male cats are rarely affected with or without a history of progesterone administration, which is commonly used for treatment of dermatopathies, urinary incontinence, control of behavioral changes, or mistakenly as a contraceptive. Clinical signs are the acute onset of mammary tumors with firm consistency, inflammation, ulcerated areas, absence of mammary secretion, and mobility difficulty due to local swelling. Systemic clinical signs including apathy, anorexia, fever, and dehydration can occur. The main differential diagnosis is mammary neoplasia and diagnosis is suspected by the patient’s history, disease progression, and histological examination. Conservative treatment using a progesterone inhibitor, such as aglepristone, can be performed but usually take a few weeks to promote total remission, may require additional administration, and does not prevent a possible recurrence. Radical mastectomy is an alternative to late-stage disease. It was chosen to perform a single-stage bilateral mastectomy for surgical removal of the FMH in this case
{"title":"Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Male Cat","authors":"Giovanna Lapkoski Bonatto, Victoria Gariba E Silva, Lucas Jocemir Favero, Natália Noreika Kano, R. S. de Sousa, V. Albernaz","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.111672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.111672","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Feline mammary hyperplasia (FMH) is a benign disease that commonly affects young females, once it is caused by the exaggerated stimulation of endogenous or exogenous progestogen. FMH leads to acute edema and inflammation of the mammary glands and frequently evolve to ulcerations, secondary infections, and systemic clinical signs. Even though it is rare in male cats, progesterone therapy or an unknown endogenous source of hormone can cause the disease. This report aims to describe a case of FMH in a male feline with no history of hormonal treatment and treated with radical surgical resection. Case : A 7-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented due to acute onset of generalized mammary tumors which had progressed for 18 days. Tumors size had 5 cm large in diameter, symmetric, bilateral, and affected all mammary glands. The tissue was firm, hyperemic, and ulcerated. FMH was initially suspected but with a differential diagnosis for mammary adenocarcinoma. Except for pain on tumor palpation, there was no other clinical abnormality. Survey thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound did not find signs of metastasis or hermaphroditism. Fine-needle aspirate biopsy and further cytological examination were inconclusive. Surgical resection through a single-stage bilateral total mastectomy and reconstruction using a left flank fold flap was elected. There were no intraoperative complications and the cat recovered well, with good healing and no clinical signs 21 days after the surgery. Histological examination of the mammary glands confirmed the diagnosis of FMH due to the non-neoplastic characteristics and tissue’s benign biological behavior. Eleven months after diagnosis, the cat was asymptomatic. Discussion : The FMH frequently affects young females and is associated with gestational periods, the end of the estrous cycle, and, most commonly, hormonal therapy with synthetic progesterone. Male cats are rarely affected with or without a history of progesterone administration, which is commonly used for treatment of dermatopathies, urinary incontinence, control of behavioral changes, or mistakenly as a contraceptive. Clinical signs are the acute onset of mammary tumors with firm consistency, inflammation, ulcerated areas, absence of mammary secretion, and mobility difficulty due to local swelling. Systemic clinical signs including apathy, anorexia, fever, and dehydration can occur. The main differential diagnosis is mammary neoplasia and diagnosis is suspected by the patient’s history, disease progression, and histological examination. Conservative treatment using a progesterone inhibitor, such as aglepristone, can be performed but usually take a few weeks to promote total remission, may require additional administration, and does not prevent a possible recurrence. Radical mastectomy is an alternative to late-stage disease. It was chosen to perform a single-stage bilateral mastectomy for surgical removal of the FMH in this case","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42440832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-09DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.109994
G. Lavalle, Carla Emanuela Tertuliano Caires, S.V. Teixeira, R. Cunha, R. A. Carneiro
Background : Melanoma is the most frequent cancer in the canine oral cavity. It shows an aggressive behavior, characterized by rapid and invasive growth and high metastatic potential. Metastasis is seen in more than 80% of dogs at time of death. Adjuvant therapy should be recommended because of potential recurrence and metastasis. Oral melanoma has a poor prognosis even when adjuvant treatments are used. There are some treatment options, but the high death rate due to the disease is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the overall survival of dogs diagnosed with oral melanoma and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Materials, Methods & Results : A retrospective analysis was carried out in 20 dogs with oral melanocytic or amelanocytic melanomas. Cases were staged according to a modified World Health Organization clinical staging system for canine oral malignant melanoma. Tumor size (T1: 4 cm), regional metastasis (N0: no metastasis; N1: metastasis) and presence of distant metastasis (M0: no metastasis; M1: metastasis) are evaluated. Then, cases were divided into 4 stages: I (T1 N0 M0), II (T2 N0 M0), III (T3 N0-1 M0, Tx N1 M0) and IV (Tx Nx M1). Diagnoses were confirmed with histopathological exam and immunohistochemistry (IHC) when necessary. In poorly differentiated neoplasms, IHC was performed at the request of the submitting veterinarian using specific markers PNL-2 and Melan-A. Animals were divided into 2 groups: dogs submitted to surgery alone were included in group 1 (G1); dogs submitted to surgery associated with adjuvant chemotherapy with four 21-day cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m 2 ) and immunotherapy with six 7-day cycles of interferon-α (3 x 10 6 IU/m 2 ) were included in group 2 (G2). Twenty dogs diagnosed with oral melanoma were evaluated: 3 were included in G1 and 17 in G2. Considering clinical staging of the dogs: 7 stage II, 12 stage III and only 1 stage IV. There was no stage I patients. In poorly differentiated neoplasias, IHC was performed at the request of the submitting veterinarian using specific markers PNL-2 and Melan-A. Patient follow-up was obtained through the evaluation of patient records and telephone interviews with owners. The overall survival time (OS) was defined by the period (in days) between the date of surgical excision and the death caused by the disease. Median overall survival time was 86 days for animals in G1 and 894 days for animals in G2 ( P = 0.01). Discussion : Carboplatin was considered an appropriate cytostatic drug to treat microscopic disease in oral melanoma. INF-α was chosen for immunotherapy in this study because it promotes immune system stimulation associated with an indirect antiproliferative effect on neoplastic cells. The association of INF-α and carboplatin resulted in a significant increase in overall survival, when compared to the literature, suggesting that association of chemotherapy and immunomodulation is an important strategy in the treatment of
{"title":"Treatment of Canine Oral Melanoma with Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy","authors":"G. Lavalle, Carla Emanuela Tertuliano Caires, S.V. Teixeira, R. Cunha, R. A. Carneiro","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.109994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.109994","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Melanoma is the most frequent cancer in the canine oral cavity. It shows an aggressive behavior, characterized by rapid and invasive growth and high metastatic potential. Metastasis is seen in more than 80% of dogs at time of death. Adjuvant therapy should be recommended because of potential recurrence and metastasis. Oral melanoma has a poor prognosis even when adjuvant treatments are used. There are some treatment options, but the high death rate due to the disease is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the overall survival of dogs diagnosed with oral melanoma and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Materials, Methods & Results : A retrospective analysis was carried out in 20 dogs with oral melanocytic or amelanocytic melanomas. Cases were staged according to a modified World Health Organization clinical staging system for canine oral malignant melanoma. Tumor size (T1: 4 cm), regional metastasis (N0: no metastasis; N1: metastasis) and presence of distant metastasis (M0: no metastasis; M1: metastasis) are evaluated. Then, cases were divided into 4 stages: I (T1 N0 M0), II (T2 N0 M0), III (T3 N0-1 M0, Tx N1 M0) and IV (Tx Nx M1). Diagnoses were confirmed with histopathological exam and immunohistochemistry (IHC) when necessary. In poorly differentiated neoplasms, IHC was performed at the request of the submitting veterinarian using specific markers PNL-2 and Melan-A. Animals were divided into 2 groups: dogs submitted to surgery alone were included in group 1 (G1); dogs submitted to surgery associated with adjuvant chemotherapy with four 21-day cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m 2 ) and immunotherapy with six 7-day cycles of interferon-α (3 x 10 6 IU/m 2 ) were included in group 2 (G2). Twenty dogs diagnosed with oral melanoma were evaluated: 3 were included in G1 and 17 in G2. Considering clinical staging of the dogs: 7 stage II, 12 stage III and only 1 stage IV. There was no stage I patients. In poorly differentiated neoplasias, IHC was performed at the request of the submitting veterinarian using specific markers PNL-2 and Melan-A. Patient follow-up was obtained through the evaluation of patient records and telephone interviews with owners. The overall survival time (OS) was defined by the period (in days) between the date of surgical excision and the death caused by the disease. Median overall survival time was 86 days for animals in G1 and 894 days for animals in G2 ( P = 0.01). Discussion : Carboplatin was considered an appropriate cytostatic drug to treat microscopic disease in oral melanoma. INF-α was chosen for immunotherapy in this study because it promotes immune system stimulation associated with an indirect antiproliferative effect on neoplastic cells. The association of INF-α and carboplatin resulted in a significant increase in overall survival, when compared to the literature, suggesting that association of chemotherapy and immunomodulation is an important strategy in the treatment of","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43719512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-09DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.111295
Gabriela Oliveira da Paz Augusto Pinto, Thais Ribeiro Pena Paiva, Giovana Scuissiatto De Souza, Weslley Junior De Oliveira, R. Locatelli-Dittrich
Background: The indiscriminate use of drugs is an issue in Veterinary Medicine, as it has serious consequences for the animals. Many drugs are myelotoxic and cause a decrease in the production of blood cells, which may be irreversible in some cases. The present work reports a case of pancytopenia induced by the concomitant use of myelotoxic drugs (estrogen, metamizole and phenobarbital) in a dog and describes findings on myelotoxicity, hematological alterations and treatment success. Case: A 7-year-old Lhasa Apso bitch was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Parana, Curitiba campus, with hematuria and a history of treatment with phenobarbital [2 mg/kg twice a day (bis in die, BID)], metamizole [25 mg/kg three times a day (ter in die, TID)], and use of estrogen hormone (estradiol cypionate). At physical examination, the animal was normohydrated and exhibited normal palpable lymph nodes, pale mucous membranes, galactorrhea, and a body temperature of 36°C. A complete blood count including reticulocyte count and a total plasma protein (TPP) exam were requested. The results revealed pancytopenia (18% hematocrit, 1,400 total leucocytes/µL, and 22,000 reticulocytes/µL). An abdominal ultrasound exam did not detect any relevant alterations. In view of the results obtained, medullary aplasia was suspected. A bone marrow aspiration was performed. A myelogram revealed a decrease in cellularity (erythrocytic and granulocytic hypoplasia), with presence of rare erythroid and granulocytic precursors. The diagnosis was medullary aplasia. The animal was treated, and the evolution of the hematological alterations was monitored. The treatment consisted of administration of erythropoietin (100UI/kg subcutaneously every 48 h), prednisone (2 mg/kg BID), Leucogen (3 mg/kg BID), interferon (0.2 IU/kg BID) and Eritros Dog Tabs [1 tablet once a day (semel in die, SID)]. After five days of treatment, the patient’s clinical picture improved (30% hematocrit, 5,300 total leukocytes/µL, 84,000 platelets/µL, and 195,000 reticulocytes/µL), and the hematological alterations were resolved after 25 days of treatment (43% hematocrit, 5,100 total leukocytes/µL, and 333,000 platelets/µL). The bitch was discharged after 89 days of treatment. Discussion: The hematological alterations found in the patient were consistent with pancytopenia, and the myelogram allowed the establishment of a diagnosis of medullary aplasia. There are various causes of pancytopenia in dogs; in this case, it was caused by medications, as the drugs administered to the patient (estrogens, metamizole, and phenobarbital) are myelotoxic. Canine bone marrow is susceptible to suppression by estrogens, which can induce medullary aplasia even with a single dose. No reports on hematological alterations caused by dipyrone (metamizole) in dogs were found; however, in humans, development of aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, nephrotoxicity, and allergic reactions have been attributed to the use of thi
{"title":"Pancytopenia in a Dog Induced by Concomitant Use of Myelotoxic Drugs","authors":"Gabriela Oliveira da Paz Augusto Pinto, Thais Ribeiro Pena Paiva, Giovana Scuissiatto De Souza, Weslley Junior De Oliveira, R. Locatelli-Dittrich","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.111295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.111295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The indiscriminate use of drugs is an issue in Veterinary Medicine, as it has serious consequences for the animals. Many drugs are myelotoxic and cause a decrease in the production of blood cells, which may be irreversible in some cases. The present work reports a case of pancytopenia induced by the concomitant use of myelotoxic drugs (estrogen, metamizole and phenobarbital) in a dog and describes findings on myelotoxicity, hematological alterations and treatment success. Case: A 7-year-old Lhasa Apso bitch was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Parana, Curitiba campus, with hematuria and a history of treatment with phenobarbital [2 mg/kg twice a day (bis in die, BID)], metamizole [25 mg/kg three times a day (ter in die, TID)], and use of estrogen hormone (estradiol cypionate). At physical examination, the animal was normohydrated and exhibited normal palpable lymph nodes, pale mucous membranes, galactorrhea, and a body temperature of 36°C. A complete blood count including reticulocyte count and a total plasma protein (TPP) exam were requested. The results revealed pancytopenia (18% hematocrit, 1,400 total leucocytes/µL, and 22,000 reticulocytes/µL). An abdominal ultrasound exam did not detect any relevant alterations. In view of the results obtained, medullary aplasia was suspected. A bone marrow aspiration was performed. A myelogram revealed a decrease in cellularity (erythrocytic and granulocytic hypoplasia), with presence of rare erythroid and granulocytic precursors. The diagnosis was medullary aplasia. The animal was treated, and the evolution of the hematological alterations was monitored. The treatment consisted of administration of erythropoietin (100UI/kg subcutaneously every 48 h), prednisone (2 mg/kg BID), Leucogen (3 mg/kg BID), interferon (0.2 IU/kg BID) and Eritros Dog Tabs [1 tablet once a day (semel in die, SID)]. After five days of treatment, the patient’s clinical picture improved (30% hematocrit, 5,300 total leukocytes/µL, 84,000 platelets/µL, and 195,000 reticulocytes/µL), and the hematological alterations were resolved after 25 days of treatment (43% hematocrit, 5,100 total leukocytes/µL, and 333,000 platelets/µL). The bitch was discharged after 89 days of treatment. Discussion: The hematological alterations found in the patient were consistent with pancytopenia, and the myelogram allowed the establishment of a diagnosis of medullary aplasia. There are various causes of pancytopenia in dogs; in this case, it was caused by medications, as the drugs administered to the patient (estrogens, metamizole, and phenobarbital) are myelotoxic. Canine bone marrow is susceptible to suppression by estrogens, which can induce medullary aplasia even with a single dose. No reports on hematological alterations caused by dipyrone (metamizole) in dogs were found; however, in humans, development of aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, nephrotoxicity, and allergic reactions have been attributed to the use of thi","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.110624
Andreza da Silva Amaral, Nathali Adrielli Agassi De Sales, I. Rosado, R. Giugliani, M. Burin, G. Baldo, Ian Martin, E. Alves
Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare illnesses caused by deficient activity of enzymes required for degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Each type of MPS is caused by mutations in one of the genes that encode the 11 acid hydrolases involved in this degradation process, which are present in the lysosomes. Progressive accumulation of GAGs in the lysosomes result in cellular dysfunction and multisystemic clinical signs, with consequent decrease in quality of life and lifespan of the affected patients. The objective of the present work is to report a case of MPS type I in a dog. Case: A mixed-breed male dog of approximately 2-month-old weighing 2.5 kg was referred to Hospital Veterinario de Uberaba with a distended abdomen. At the clinical examination, the patient exhibited a regular nutritional status, pale mucous membranes, 7% dehydration, an arterial pulse rate of 120 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute, and a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. There were increased abdominal volume and tension, and hepatosplenomegaly. The abdominal percussion exam produced a dull tone. Additional findings included muscular atrophy, increased volume in the metaphyseal areas of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, valgus limb deformity in the thoracic limbs, and instability of the hip joint. Radiographic examination revealed a series of bone alterations such as reduced vertebral bodies, a generalized decrease in radiopacity, thin cortical areas in long bones, narrowing of the pelvic canal, and marked deformation and irregularities in acetabular and epiphyseal (both proximal and distal) areas of the femurs and tibias. Ankylosis of the tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal joints was also observed. There was also loss of trabecular structure and irregularities on the surfaces of all epiphyses of the bones, epiphyseal lines markedly open, and bones that were shorter and thicker than normal. The suspected diagnoses were pseudoachondroplasia and mucopolysaccharidosis. In view of the clinical and radiographic findings, tests were performed to investigate the clinical suspicion of MPS. Consequently, qualitative and quantitative tests of GAGs in the urine, as well as a blood enzymatic essay, were requested; results confirmed the diagnosis of MPS type I. Intensive treatment allowed the patient to reach adulthood. Whenever new clinical signs emerged, they were treated palliatively. As the disease became more severe, the patient died at the age of 3 years. Discussion: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a rare disease that exhibits variable clinical signs and for which there is no specific treatment in dogs; these characteristics hinder diagnosis and treatment of patients as the one described in this report. The major clinical signs observed in this case are in agreement with those reported in the literature, according to which the disease can cause severe alterations such as bone defects, increased volume and deformities in the joints of
{"title":"Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I in a Dog","authors":"Andreza da Silva Amaral, Nathali Adrielli Agassi De Sales, I. Rosado, R. Giugliani, M. Burin, G. Baldo, Ian Martin, E. Alves","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.110624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.110624","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare illnesses caused by deficient activity of enzymes required for degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Each type of MPS is caused by mutations in one of the genes that encode the 11 acid hydrolases involved in this degradation process, which are present in the lysosomes. Progressive accumulation of GAGs in the lysosomes result in cellular dysfunction and multisystemic clinical signs, with consequent decrease in quality of life and lifespan of the affected patients. The objective of the present work is to report a case of MPS type I in a dog. Case: A mixed-breed male dog of approximately 2-month-old weighing 2.5 kg was referred to Hospital Veterinario de Uberaba with a distended abdomen. At the clinical examination, the patient exhibited a regular nutritional status, pale mucous membranes, 7% dehydration, an arterial pulse rate of 120 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute, and a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. There were increased abdominal volume and tension, and hepatosplenomegaly. The abdominal percussion exam produced a dull tone. Additional findings included muscular atrophy, increased volume in the metaphyseal areas of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, valgus limb deformity in the thoracic limbs, and instability of the hip joint. Radiographic examination revealed a series of bone alterations such as reduced vertebral bodies, a generalized decrease in radiopacity, thin cortical areas in long bones, narrowing of the pelvic canal, and marked deformation and irregularities in acetabular and epiphyseal (both proximal and distal) areas of the femurs and tibias. Ankylosis of the tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal joints was also observed. There was also loss of trabecular structure and irregularities on the surfaces of all epiphyses of the bones, epiphyseal lines markedly open, and bones that were shorter and thicker than normal. The suspected diagnoses were pseudoachondroplasia and mucopolysaccharidosis. In view of the clinical and radiographic findings, tests were performed to investigate the clinical suspicion of MPS. Consequently, qualitative and quantitative tests of GAGs in the urine, as well as a blood enzymatic essay, were requested; results confirmed the diagnosis of MPS type I. Intensive treatment allowed the patient to reach adulthood. Whenever new clinical signs emerged, they were treated palliatively. As the disease became more severe, the patient died at the age of 3 years. Discussion: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a rare disease that exhibits variable clinical signs and for which there is no specific treatment in dogs; these characteristics hinder diagnosis and treatment of patients as the one described in this report. The major clinical signs observed in this case are in agreement with those reported in the literature, according to which the disease can cause severe alterations such as bone defects, increased volume and deformities in the joints of","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.111679
Jeong-Min Hwang, Yun Ji Ga, J. Yeh
Background: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus classified as a type species of the genus Ephemerovirus, family Rhabdoviridae . BEFV is the causative agent of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), a non-contagious disease of acute febrile clinical signs in cattle and water buffalo. Some species might act as reservoir hosts, and antibodies to BEFV have also been found in asymptomatic sheep, goats, pigs, and many wild animals. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional serological screening in South Korea to address BEFV seroprevalence and identify risk factors for becoming seropositive for the virus in sheep and goats. Materials, Methods & Results: The apparent prevalence rates were considered to be the animal-level prevalence, defined as the proportion of serum neutralization test (SNT)-positive animals out of the total number of animals tested in the study area, and flock prevalence was defined as the proportion of SNT-positive flocks out of the total number of tested flocks in the area. A flock was classified as positive if at least one animal was SNT-positive. At the national level in 2011, 28 of 177 flocks (15.8%; 95% CI, 11.2−21.9%) and 71 of 498 heads (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.5-17.6%) that were analyzed showed serum neutralizing antibodies against BEFV. Our results revealed that age class, vector control, and geographic location affected seroprevalence to differing extents. In the univariate analysis, older age was a significant risk factor (OR, 2.327; 95% CI, 1.147-4.721; P = 0.017 in adults). The management risk factor attributes showed that preventive measures, such as routine application of insecticides in farms, decreased the odds of seropositivity for BEFV (OR, 0.514; 95% CI, 0.267-0.991; P = 0.044). Vector control was a significant protective factor, while animal species, flock size, and flock structure were not significantly associated. Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the presence of ruminant farms, lakes, or rice paddies within a 1-km radius or type of land use were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). We observed a significant difference in the individual likelihood of being positive in the southern provinces with respect to that in the northern provinces (OR, 2.166; 95% CI, 1.228-3.824; P = 0.007). Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the eastern and western regions were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). The retrospective study results showed that the virus was widely distributed in sheep and goats in South Korea, with seropositive rates ranging from 7.8% to 19.7% between 2003 and 2008. Discussion: This is the first report of circulating antibodies against BEFV in sheep and goats in South Korea. The serological prevalence of BEFV infection in sheep and goats was significantly different between different age cohorts, vector control, and geographical locations: it was higher in the older group and the southern and western regions of South Korea. Deter
{"title":"Epidemiological Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Exposure among Sheep and Goats in South Korea","authors":"Jeong-Min Hwang, Yun Ji Ga, J. Yeh","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.111679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.111679","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus classified as a type species of the genus Ephemerovirus, family Rhabdoviridae . BEFV is the causative agent of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), a non-contagious disease of acute febrile clinical signs in cattle and water buffalo. Some species might act as reservoir hosts, and antibodies to BEFV have also been found in asymptomatic sheep, goats, pigs, and many wild animals. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional serological screening in South Korea to address BEFV seroprevalence and identify risk factors for becoming seropositive for the virus in sheep and goats. Materials, Methods & Results: The apparent prevalence rates were considered to be the animal-level prevalence, defined as the proportion of serum neutralization test (SNT)-positive animals out of the total number of animals tested in the study area, and flock prevalence was defined as the proportion of SNT-positive flocks out of the total number of tested flocks in the area. A flock was classified as positive if at least one animal was SNT-positive. At the national level in 2011, 28 of 177 flocks (15.8%; 95% CI, 11.2−21.9%) and 71 of 498 heads (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.5-17.6%) that were analyzed showed serum neutralizing antibodies against BEFV. Our results revealed that age class, vector control, and geographic location affected seroprevalence to differing extents. In the univariate analysis, older age was a significant risk factor (OR, 2.327; 95% CI, 1.147-4.721; P = 0.017 in adults). The management risk factor attributes showed that preventive measures, such as routine application of insecticides in farms, decreased the odds of seropositivity for BEFV (OR, 0.514; 95% CI, 0.267-0.991; P = 0.044). Vector control was a significant protective factor, while animal species, flock size, and flock structure were not significantly associated. Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the presence of ruminant farms, lakes, or rice paddies within a 1-km radius or type of land use were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). We observed a significant difference in the individual likelihood of being positive in the southern provinces with respect to that in the northern provinces (OR, 2.166; 95% CI, 1.228-3.824; P = 0.007). Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the eastern and western regions were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). The retrospective study results showed that the virus was widely distributed in sheep and goats in South Korea, with seropositive rates ranging from 7.8% to 19.7% between 2003 and 2008. Discussion: This is the first report of circulating antibodies against BEFV in sheep and goats in South Korea. The serological prevalence of BEFV infection in sheep and goats was significantly different between different age cohorts, vector control, and geographical locations: it was higher in the older group and the southern and western regions of South Korea. Deter","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.111612
Juliana Almeida Nogueira Da Gama, G. A. Campos, Raphael Tortorelli Teixeira, Mirian Harumi Tsunemi, B. P. Santarosa, H. B. Hooper, M. Lourenço, S. Chiacchio
Background: During pregnancy, cardiovascular adaptations occur in order to meet maternal demands and adequate support for fetal development, but they are still unclear in the equine species, especially in the American Miniature horse breed. The main hemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy are increased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood volume. It is necessary to use the reference values for the miniature breeds, in addition to the age range and reproductive condition, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in mares and also of age in newborns foals of American Miniature horse breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten American Miniature Horse mares, between 7 and 19 years old (12.14 ± 4.05 years), 116.85 ± 24.09 kg of body weight were used in the experiment. All these mares were pluriparous, with 5.9 ± 3.5 of births, minimum of 2, and maximum of 12 foaling times. They were maintained in common social group in an indoor house stable with straw bed, with access to an outdoor paddock for several h per day. Twice a day they were fed with hay. Mineral supplements and water were available ad libitum. The ECG were obtained in 10 pregnant mares and in 10 neonates. All females were examined at a representative time of each trimester of pregnancy, at 30, 210, 300 days before and 21 days after delivery. Neonates were examined on different times: first 24 h after delivery, weekly on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days of age. The ECG parameters considered were the heart rate and rhythm, duration and intervals (P, PR, QRS, QT, T) and amplitude (P, R, S, T) of ECG waves. The mean of pregnancy duration was 319.4 ± 4.97 days. Heart Rate (HR) varied between 51 to 59 bpm during pregnancy and 56 bpm on the 21st day after delivery. Comparing the clinical parameters of pregnant mares, non-pregnant mares and foal a difference was found for HR, Respiration Rate (RR) and Temperature (P = 0.001). All ECG parameters of pregnant, non-pregnant and foal mares showed a significant difference (P = 0.0001), except for the amplitude of the P1, P2 and R waves, which was similar for the 3 groups. The mean values of HR and amplitude of the positive T wave were higher in foals when compared to pregnant and non-pregnant mares, which in turn did not differ from each other. The mean duration of the P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, QT segment and T wave were the same among mares and greater than in foals. Comparing pregnant and non-pregnant mares, there was a difference in only 3 parameters: duration of the QTc segment, amplitude of the S wave and negative T wave. The non-pregnant mares had a longer duration of the QTc segment and a greater amplitude of the negative T wave, while the foals had a greater amplitude of the S wave. Discussion: Although this study did not measure HR at delivery time, it is worth to consider the action of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system close to delivery, which
{"title":"Electrocardiographic Aspects of Singleton Pregnancy and Neonatal Period in American Miniature Horse Breed","authors":"Juliana Almeida Nogueira Da Gama, G. A. Campos, Raphael Tortorelli Teixeira, Mirian Harumi Tsunemi, B. P. Santarosa, H. B. Hooper, M. Lourenço, S. Chiacchio","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.111612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.111612","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During pregnancy, cardiovascular adaptations occur in order to meet maternal demands and adequate support for fetal development, but they are still unclear in the equine species, especially in the American Miniature horse breed. The main hemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy are increased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood volume. It is necessary to use the reference values for the miniature breeds, in addition to the age range and reproductive condition, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in mares and also of age in newborns foals of American Miniature horse breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten American Miniature Horse mares, between 7 and 19 years old (12.14 ± 4.05 years), 116.85 ± 24.09 kg of body weight were used in the experiment. All these mares were pluriparous, with 5.9 ± 3.5 of births, minimum of 2, and maximum of 12 foaling times. They were maintained in common social group in an indoor house stable with straw bed, with access to an outdoor paddock for several h per day. Twice a day they were fed with hay. Mineral supplements and water were available ad libitum. The ECG were obtained in 10 pregnant mares and in 10 neonates. All females were examined at a representative time of each trimester of pregnancy, at 30, 210, 300 days before and 21 days after delivery. Neonates were examined on different times: first 24 h after delivery, weekly on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days of age. The ECG parameters considered were the heart rate and rhythm, duration and intervals (P, PR, QRS, QT, T) and amplitude (P, R, S, T) of ECG waves. The mean of pregnancy duration was 319.4 ± 4.97 days. Heart Rate (HR) varied between 51 to 59 bpm during pregnancy and 56 bpm on the 21st day after delivery. Comparing the clinical parameters of pregnant mares, non-pregnant mares and foal a difference was found for HR, Respiration Rate (RR) and Temperature (P = 0.001). All ECG parameters of pregnant, non-pregnant and foal mares showed a significant difference (P = 0.0001), except for the amplitude of the P1, P2 and R waves, which was similar for the 3 groups. The mean values of HR and amplitude of the positive T wave were higher in foals when compared to pregnant and non-pregnant mares, which in turn did not differ from each other. The mean duration of the P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, QT segment and T wave were the same among mares and greater than in foals. Comparing pregnant and non-pregnant mares, there was a difference in only 3 parameters: duration of the QTc segment, amplitude of the S wave and negative T wave. The non-pregnant mares had a longer duration of the QTc segment and a greater amplitude of the negative T wave, while the foals had a greater amplitude of the S wave. Discussion: Although this study did not measure HR at delivery time, it is worth to consider the action of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system close to delivery, which","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-02DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.109806
Larissa Justino, M. F. Menck-Costa, A. A. C. Xavier, M. D. Souza, Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos, A. Bracarense, A. S. Baptista
Background : The ingestion of foreign bodies in parrots has already been described and associated with the curious behavior of the birds or with stressful conditions. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are usually diagnosed through clinical signs, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings in the historical data. Foreign bodies are usually metallic and can lodge in any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly found in the proventricle and gizzard. This study investigated a case of necrotizing hepatitis due to a foreign body in Ara ararauna (Linnaeus, 1758). Case : An approximately 9-month-old specimen of caninde macaw, had sudden death and was referred for autopsy. The macroscopic examination revealed a fibrous, thick, reddish membrane involving the left hepatic lobe and partially the gizzard in continuity with the peritoneum. Inside the capsule, the liver had a friable and necrotic appearance and the gizzard had a focal perforation area containing a foreign body (gavage probe). We performed the histopathological examination of the liver and gizzard and observed that the membrane surrounding the liver and partially the gizzard had a chronic inflammatory process with a marked proliferation of fibrous tissue and fibrin deposition. The hepatic parenchyma of the left lobe showed diffuse and marked necrosis, with signs of ischemic necrosis. In the region of transmural perforation of the gizzard, the mucosa showed a focal area of extensive necrosis accompanied by the presence of intralesional bacteria. The lesions observed are attributed to the perforation of the organs by the foreign body. It is not known whether the bird ingested the object accidently during food handling as a young or due to the curious behavior of the bird or even the stress it may have been exposed to. The post-mortem examination revealed localized peritonitis and encapsulating necrotizing hepatitis, focally extensive and accentuated, associated with foreign body perforation. Discussion : The curious habit of parrots, can provide the ingestion of foreign bodies, in which they lodge in the gastrointestinal tract. Generally, the clinical signs are nonspecific, however, proventricular impaction, stasis and even perforations in the mucosa of organs can be observed. In the present study, we suspect that the Caninde macaw accidentally ingested a gavage probe during feeding management as a young. This object lodged in the bird's ventricle, perforating the organ and reaching the liver, due to intimate contact with the gizzard, providing a picture of ventriculitis and necrotizing hepatitis. Necrotizing hepatitis due to foreign body has been reported in the literature due to ingestion of perforating foreign body with lesion in the left ventricle and lobe, however we have no knowledge of reports with the presence of a capsule involving the left hepatic lobe, similar to a capsule like this, we understand that our report is the first description of encapsulating necrotizing h
{"title":"Peritonitis and Necrotizing Hepatitis in Ara ararauna Caused by a Foreign Body","authors":"Larissa Justino, M. F. Menck-Costa, A. A. C. Xavier, M. D. Souza, Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos, A. Bracarense, A. S. Baptista","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.109806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.109806","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The ingestion of foreign bodies in parrots has already been described and associated with the curious behavior of the birds or with stressful conditions. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are usually diagnosed through clinical signs, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings in the historical data. Foreign bodies are usually metallic and can lodge in any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly found in the proventricle and gizzard. This study investigated a case of necrotizing hepatitis due to a foreign body in Ara ararauna (Linnaeus, 1758). Case : An approximately 9-month-old specimen of caninde macaw, had sudden death and was referred for autopsy. The macroscopic examination revealed a fibrous, thick, reddish membrane involving the left hepatic lobe and partially the gizzard in continuity with the peritoneum. Inside the capsule, the liver had a friable and necrotic appearance and the gizzard had a focal perforation area containing a foreign body (gavage probe). We performed the histopathological examination of the liver and gizzard and observed that the membrane surrounding the liver and partially the gizzard had a chronic inflammatory process with a marked proliferation of fibrous tissue and fibrin deposition. The hepatic parenchyma of the left lobe showed diffuse and marked necrosis, with signs of ischemic necrosis. In the region of transmural perforation of the gizzard, the mucosa showed a focal area of extensive necrosis accompanied by the presence of intralesional bacteria. The lesions observed are attributed to the perforation of the organs by the foreign body. It is not known whether the bird ingested the object accidently during food handling as a young or due to the curious behavior of the bird or even the stress it may have been exposed to. The post-mortem examination revealed localized peritonitis and encapsulating necrotizing hepatitis, focally extensive and accentuated, associated with foreign body perforation. Discussion : The curious habit of parrots, can provide the ingestion of foreign bodies, in which they lodge in the gastrointestinal tract. Generally, the clinical signs are nonspecific, however, proventricular impaction, stasis and even perforations in the mucosa of organs can be observed. In the present study, we suspect that the Caninde macaw accidentally ingested a gavage probe during feeding management as a young. This object lodged in the bird's ventricle, perforating the organ and reaching the liver, due to intimate contact with the gizzard, providing a picture of ventriculitis and necrotizing hepatitis. Necrotizing hepatitis due to foreign body has been reported in the literature due to ingestion of perforating foreign body with lesion in the left ventricle and lobe, however we have no knowledge of reports with the presence of a capsule involving the left hepatic lobe, similar to a capsule like this, we understand that our report is the first description of encapsulating necrotizing h","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41287872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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