Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.002
Mojtaba Ahmadi , Omid Zabihi , Zahra Komeily Nia , Vishnu Unnikrishnan , Colin J. Barrow , Minoo Naebe
The escalating global concerns surrounding unsustainable petroleum consumption have fueled interest in natural plant fiber polymer biocomposites (NFPCs) as eco-friendly alternatives. NFPCs offer advantages such as low density, specific mechanical properties, recyclability, and biodegradability. Despite their potential for addressing environmental issues and serving as cost-effective alternatives for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remediation, challenges exist due to their poor thermal stability and flammability. This comprehensive review delves into efforts to enhance the flame resistance of NFPCs, focusing on flammability testing methods, the impact of flame retardants, and underlying flammability mechanisms. Emphasizing the delicate balance between flame resistance and structural integrity, the review establishes a framework for understanding the thermo-structural response of burning NFPCs. Additionally, it explores sustainability and recycling aspects, offering insights crucial for comprehending fire-induced damage processes in NFPCs, especially in high-performance applications where exposure to high temperatures is inevitable.
{"title":"Engineering flame and mechanical properties of natural plant-based fibre biocomposites","authors":"Mojtaba Ahmadi , Omid Zabihi , Zahra Komeily Nia , Vishnu Unnikrishnan , Colin J. Barrow , Minoo Naebe","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating global concerns surrounding unsustainable petroleum consumption have fueled interest in natural plant fiber polymer biocomposites (NFPCs) as eco-friendly alternatives. NFPCs offer advantages such as low density, specific mechanical properties, recyclability, and biodegradability. Despite their potential for addressing environmental issues and serving as cost-effective alternatives for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remediation, challenges exist due to their poor thermal stability and flammability. This comprehensive review delves into efforts to enhance the flame resistance of NFPCs, focusing on flammability testing methods, the impact of flame retardants, and underlying flammability mechanisms. Emphasizing the delicate balance between flame resistance and structural integrity, the review establishes a framework for understanding the thermo-structural response of burning NFPCs. Additionally, it explores sustainability and recycling aspects, offering insights crucial for comprehending fire-induced damage processes in NFPCs, especially in high-performance applications where exposure to high temperatures is inevitable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 168-195"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogels are biopolymers proficient in engrossing much water in their 3D network structure. However, single-polymer hydrogels frequently experience poor physio-mechanical properties, confining their border applications. The present work concentrated on developing chemically crosslinked hydrogels using the terpolymerization of gelatin (GEL), guar gum (GGM), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaf (EPG) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were added to enhance the biomechanical properties of the developed hydrogels. Hydrogels' viscoelastic, mechanical, swelling, and cytotoxicity properties were assessed. All the hydrogels exhibited a porous-like structure with a swelling index of 230–280 %. A compressive strength of 5 MPa with splendid chondrocyte viability was noticed in the hydrogels comprised of EPG and CuNPs. The multiple interactions among the polymer chains impart better frequency and shear strain-dependent behavior. The time-dependent frictional behavior of hydrogel under the lubrication of artificial synovial fluid reveals the decreased coefficient of friction over time. The performance of the hybrid hydrogel enhanced with EPG and CuNPs was superior, making it a promising material for tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of Psidium guajava and copper nanoparticles reinforced hybrid Hydrogel for tissue engineering","authors":"D.V. Krishna , M.R. Sankar , P.V.G.K. Sarma , E.L. Samundeshwari","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogels are biopolymers proficient in engrossing much water in their 3D network structure. However, single-polymer hydrogels frequently experience poor physio-mechanical properties, confining their border applications. The present work concentrated on developing chemically crosslinked hydrogels using the terpolymerization of gelatin (GEL), guar gum (GGM), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaf (EPG) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were added to enhance the biomechanical properties of the developed hydrogels. Hydrogels' viscoelastic, mechanical, swelling, and cytotoxicity properties were assessed. All the hydrogels exhibited a porous-like structure with a swelling index of 230–280 %. A compressive strength of 5 MPa with splendid chondrocyte viability was noticed in the hydrogels comprised of EPG and CuNPs. The multiple interactions among the polymer chains impart better frequency and shear strain-dependent behavior. The time-dependent frictional behavior of hydrogel under the lubrication of artificial synovial fluid reveals the decreased coefficient of friction over time. The performance of the hybrid hydrogel enhanced with EPG and CuNPs was superior, making it a promising material for tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 264-278"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.001
Hui Li , Jie Gao , Zhiyong Li , Yan Zhang , Jun Zhang , Shiguo Zhang
Carbon nanomaterials have become essential in modern daily life. Their porous nature and good electrical conductivity are critical for composite applications. However, their inherent van der Waals forces and π-π interactions often result in spontaneous aggregation, which significantly hinders the uniform dispersion of carbon materials in polymer matrices. Establishing interactions between poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and carbon materials ensures excellent compatibility. Integrating carbon materials with PIL markedly enhances mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability, benefiting the electronics, energy storage, and automotive industries. A thorough understanding of the physical and chemical properties of PILs is crucial for tailoring composite materials to specific applications, enhancing processing capabilities, and boosting performance. This article reviews recent advancements in PIL composites incorporating carbon nanomaterials and outlines future challenges in their development.
{"title":"Advancements in Poly(ionic liquid) composites with carbon nanomaterials","authors":"Hui Li , Jie Gao , Zhiyong Li , Yan Zhang , Jun Zhang , Shiguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanomaterials have become essential in modern daily life. Their porous nature and good electrical conductivity are critical for composite applications. However, their inherent van der Waals forces and π-π interactions often result in spontaneous aggregation, which significantly hinders the uniform dispersion of carbon materials in polymer matrices. Establishing interactions between poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and carbon materials ensures excellent compatibility. Integrating carbon materials with PIL markedly enhances mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability, benefiting the electronics, energy storage, and automotive industries. A thorough understanding of the physical and chemical properties of PILs is crucial for tailoring composite materials to specific applications, enhancing processing capabilities, and boosting performance. This article reviews recent advancements in PIL composites incorporating carbon nanomaterials and outlines future challenges in their development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 196-210"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.12.002
Lin Chen , Ming Liang , Xin Wang , Xue Xin , Zhenchao Chen , Yuepeng Jiao , Jianjiang Wang , Yunfeng Zhang , Linping Su , Zhanyong Yao
The research on the micro-compatibility mechanisms of polymer-modified asphalt is crucial for the field of road engineering. In-depth exploration and understanding in this area is highly challenged due to the current lack of sophistication in research tools and the lack of precision in research results. This paper reviews the research progress on phase separation in modified asphalt from the perspectives of phase field theory and molecular dynamics theory, while thoroughly analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. Explore a new simulation method using phase field theory coupled with molecular dynamics parameters to more comprehensively and accurately model the phase separation behavior and characteristics of modified asphalt. This paper summarizes the simulation process of phase separation in modified asphalt based on phase field theory. By combining this with fluorescence microscopy experiments, it establishes and tracks the evolution of micro and mesoscopic phase states in modified asphalt over time. By utilizing molecular dynamics to construct molecular models of modified asphalt, this paper identifies key parameters, i.e. interaction parameters and migration coefficients, that control the phase field model of modified asphalt. It reveals the laws of phase behavior in modified asphalt from both micro and mesoscopic perspectives. By comparing fluorescence microscopy experiments and analyzing the degree of image overlap with image analysis technology, the consistency of simulation results can be demonstrated. This approach provides a theoretical reference for studying phase separation phenomena in the field of polymer science.
{"title":"Phase separation behavior of polymer modified asphalt by molecular dynamics and phase field method: A review","authors":"Lin Chen , Ming Liang , Xin Wang , Xue Xin , Zhenchao Chen , Yuepeng Jiao , Jianjiang Wang , Yunfeng Zhang , Linping Su , Zhanyong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research on the micro-compatibility mechanisms of polymer-modified asphalt is crucial for the field of road engineering. In-depth exploration and understanding in this area is highly challenged due to the current lack of sophistication in research tools and the lack of precision in research results. This paper reviews the research progress on phase separation in modified asphalt from the perspectives of phase field theory and molecular dynamics theory, while thoroughly analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. Explore a new simulation method using phase field theory coupled with molecular dynamics parameters to more comprehensively and accurately model the phase separation behavior and characteristics of modified asphalt. This paper summarizes the simulation process of phase separation in modified asphalt based on phase field theory. By combining this with fluorescence microscopy experiments, it establishes and tracks the evolution of micro and mesoscopic phase states in modified asphalt over time. By utilizing molecular dynamics to construct molecular models of modified asphalt, this paper identifies key parameters, i.e. interaction parameters and migration coefficients, that control the phase field model of modified asphalt. It reveals the laws of phase behavior in modified asphalt from both micro and mesoscopic perspectives. By comparing fluorescence microscopy experiments and analyzing the degree of image overlap with image analysis technology, the consistency of simulation results can be demonstrated. This approach provides a theoretical reference for studying phase separation phenomena in the field of polymer science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 157-167"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Additive flame retardants are increasingly frequently used in the current research on flame retardant techniques for polymer materials. In this work, 2-aminopyrazine and spiro-phosphorus oxychloride (SPDPC) were combined to create an environmentally friendly flame-retardant aminopyrazine spiro pentanol bisphosphonate (APPC). This solution addressed the issues of conventional flame retardant dispersion and low flame-retardant efficiency. The LOI value can reach 29.7 % with the addition of 7 wt% APPC, and the UL-94 test was able to achieve the V-0 rating. Furthermore, a remarkable decrease of 62.23 % in the peak heat release rate (pHRR), 51.23 % in the peak value of the CO production rate, and 63.57 % in the peak value of the CO2 production rate was shown by the cone calorimeter experiment. The heat insulation and smoke suppression effect is also exceptional. According to the analysis of TG-FTIR, IR, XPS and SEM results, there is sufficient evidence that APPC as a phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant (IFR), can produce beneficial effects in both catalyzing char formation and inhibiting toxic smoke production.
{"title":"Synthesis of an environmentally friendly P–N synergistic flame retardant and its effect on the properties of epoxy resin","authors":"Hao Wang, Yinjie Wang, Chuang Yu, Xiaohui Xing, Peng Lin, Jiping Liu, Ye-Tang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive flame retardants are increasingly frequently used in the current research on flame retardant techniques for polymer materials. In this work, 2-aminopyrazine and spiro-phosphorus oxychloride (SPDPC) were combined to create an environmentally friendly flame-retardant aminopyrazine spiro pentanol bisphosphonate (APPC). This solution addressed the issues of conventional flame retardant dispersion and low flame-retardant efficiency. The LOI value can reach 29.7 % with the addition of 7 wt% APPC, and the UL-94 test was able to achieve the V-0 rating. Furthermore, a remarkable decrease of 62.23 % in the peak heat release rate (pHRR), 51.23 % in the peak value of the CO production rate, and 63.57 % in the peak value of the CO<sub>2</sub> production rate was shown by the cone calorimeter experiment. The heat insulation and smoke suppression effect is also exceptional. According to the analysis of TG-FTIR, IR, XPS and SEM results, there is sufficient evidence that APPC as a phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant (IFR), can produce beneficial effects in both catalyzing char formation and inhibiting toxic smoke production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 279-288"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.05.001
Zia Ullah Arif
Bio-based polymers have garnered significant interest across the manufacturing industry, global economy, and various engineering disciplines such as packaging, tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, wound dressing, and textiles. In the current era, bio-based polymers, notably polysaccharides, offer a promising platform for constructing intricate and versatile structures in the biomedical sector. These structures encompass applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), drug delivery devices, coatings for biomedical devices, and wearable sensors, thanks to their distinctive features such as inherent biocompatibility, flexibility, stretchability, mechanical strength, renewability, physiological activity, and favorable biological environment. This review offers a concise overview of diverse types of polysaccharide-based polymers and their composites, properties, and interactions with specific cells and tissues. The review also encompasses recent progress in tissue scaffolds designed for cartilage, skin, neural, vascular, cardiac, and bone regeneration, employing both conventional and modern manufacturing techniques. Additionally, it delves into the development of other biodegradable biomedical devices, including drug delivery systems (DDSs), antibacterial coatings on medical devices, wearable sensors, and electronic devices for the healthcare sector. Furthermore, it also elucidates research directions and future perspectives while emphasizing the importance of regulatory approvals and commitment to environmental sustainability. Finally, this well-organized and critical review is expected to assist practitioners and researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of current trends, challenges, and potential solutions, thereby harnessing the immense potential of polysaccharide-based biomaterials in the healthcare system. Additionally, the utilization of polysaccharides in the biomedical sector aligns with principles of nature, contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and supporting the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
{"title":"The role of polysaccharide-based biodegradable soft polymers in the healthcare sector","authors":"Zia Ullah Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-based polymers have garnered significant interest across the manufacturing industry, global economy, and various engineering disciplines such as packaging, tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, wound dressing, and textiles. In the current era, bio-based polymers, notably polysaccharides, offer a promising platform for constructing intricate and versatile structures in the biomedical sector. These structures encompass applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), drug delivery devices, coatings for biomedical devices, and wearable sensors, thanks to their distinctive features such as inherent biocompatibility, flexibility, stretchability, mechanical strength, renewability, physiological activity, and favorable biological environment. This review offers a concise overview of diverse types of polysaccharide-based polymers and their composites, properties, and interactions with specific cells and tissues. The review also encompasses recent progress in tissue scaffolds designed for cartilage, skin, neural, vascular, cardiac, and bone regeneration, employing both conventional and modern manufacturing techniques. Additionally, it delves into the development of other biodegradable biomedical devices, including drug delivery systems (DDSs), antibacterial coatings on medical devices, wearable sensors, and electronic devices for the healthcare sector. Furthermore, it also elucidates research directions and future perspectives while emphasizing the importance of regulatory approvals and commitment to environmental sustainability. Finally, this well-organized and critical review is expected to assist practitioners and researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of current trends, challenges, and potential solutions, thereby harnessing the immense potential of polysaccharide-based biomaterials in the healthcare system. Additionally, the utilization of polysaccharides in the biomedical sector aligns with principles of nature, contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and supporting the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 132-156"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141032764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.06.001
Utkarsh Ramesh , Jonathan Miller , Bryce Stottelmire , James Beach , Steven Patterson , Laura Cumming , Sabrina Wells Torres , Dakota Even , Petar Dvornic , Cory Berkland
Direct Ink Writing holds vast potential for additive manufacturing with broad material compatibility as long as appropriate rheological properties are exhibited by the material of choice. Additives are often included to attain the desired rheological properties for printing, but these same additives can yield products with undesirable mechanical properties. For example, silica fillers are used to create silicone inks appropriate for printing but yield cured structures that are too stiff. In this work, we investigate the applicability of PDMS microspheres as a rheological and thixotropic additive for PDMS based DIW inks. We utilize a facile oil-in-water emulsion method to reproducibly obtain small (∼5 μm) PDMS microspheres, which are then incorporated into PDMS-based inks. More traditional inks with fumed silica and thixotropic additive were compared with inks containing PDMS microspheres at equal volume loadings to determine whether the PDMS microspheres could impart the desired rheological properties for DIW. Inks including PDMS microspheres exhibited surprising thixotropic effects, which enabled prints with fidelity analogous to traditional ink employing silica filler, while producing mechanically softer prints.
{"title":"PDMS microspheres as rheological additives for PDMS-based DIW inks","authors":"Utkarsh Ramesh , Jonathan Miller , Bryce Stottelmire , James Beach , Steven Patterson , Laura Cumming , Sabrina Wells Torres , Dakota Even , Petar Dvornic , Cory Berkland","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct Ink Writing holds vast potential for additive manufacturing with broad material compatibility as long as appropriate rheological properties are exhibited by the material of choice. Additives are often included to attain the desired rheological properties for printing, but these same additives can yield products with undesirable mechanical properties. For example, silica fillers are used to create silicone inks appropriate for printing but yield cured structures that are too stiff. In this work, we investigate the applicability of PDMS microspheres as a rheological and thixotropic additive for PDMS based DIW inks. We utilize a facile oil-in-water emulsion method to reproducibly obtain small (∼5 μm) PDMS microspheres, which are then incorporated into PDMS-based inks. More traditional inks with fumed silica and thixotropic additive were compared with inks containing PDMS microspheres at equal volume loadings to determine whether the PDMS microspheres could impart the desired rheological properties for DIW. Inks including PDMS microspheres exhibited surprising thixotropic effects, which enabled prints with fidelity analogous to traditional ink employing silica filler, while producing mechanically softer prints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.002
Muhammad Yasir Khalid , Rehan Umer
Novel 2D materials are now at the forefront of developing advanced multifunctional composite films, due to their fascinating properties. Particularly, graphene and MXene-based 2D materials are recognized as promising candidates for multifunctional materials, due to their ability to enhance structure–function relationships and integrate with laminated composites. As expected, high mass production from low-cost and facile fabrication techniques for multifunctional composite films plays a pivotal role in their practical applications. Herein, we have covered a broad spectrum of 2D materials overview, covering all contributions to this field and summarizing the most pertinent literature available for developing multifunctional composite films which are attractive for advanced aircraft applications. Moreover, the integrated functions of the 2D materials-based multifunctional composite films such as sensing and actuation behaviour, thermal conductivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness are explored and their mechanisms for superior performance are elucidated. Additionally, we critically discuss the prevailing challenges and offer perspectives on this rapidly advancing field.
{"title":"Towards a new era of 2D materials-based multifunctional composite films: From innovation to evolution","authors":"Muhammad Yasir Khalid , Rehan Umer","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel 2D materials are now at the forefront of developing advanced multifunctional composite films, due to their fascinating properties. Particularly, graphene and MXene-based 2D materials are recognized as promising candidates for multifunctional materials, due to their ability to enhance structure–function relationships and integrate with laminated composites. As expected, high mass production from low-cost and facile fabrication techniques for multifunctional composite films plays a pivotal role in their practical applications. Herein, we have covered a broad spectrum of 2D materials overview, covering all contributions to this field and summarizing the most pertinent literature available for developing multifunctional composite films which are attractive for advanced aircraft applications. Moreover, the integrated functions of the 2D materials-based multifunctional composite films such as sensing and actuation behaviour, thermal conductivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness are explored and their mechanisms for superior performance are elucidated. Additionally, we critically discuss the prevailing challenges and offer perspectives on this rapidly advancing field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 76-112"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.001
Ying-Ming Li, Shuang-Lin Hu, Hang-Ping Fang, Yao Deng, Chang-De Yang
Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are commonly used in electronics manufacturing and traditional construction, but their inherent flammability greatly limits their use. An expansive flame retardant EZ was prepared via the simple ionic reaction between the 2-Aminothiazole (AMZ) and ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphoric acid (EDTMP). The thermal decomposition process of EZ and UPR/EZ and the flame retardancy of the compound were studied. The flame retardancy mechanism of EZ in UPR was analyzed in detail. When the EZ content was 15 wt%, the flame-retardant grade of the composite reached V-0. The flame-retardant efficiency was very high mainly through the interaction of gas phase and condensed phase. Interestingly, flame retardant EZ can perform expansion crosslinking in UPR, which can effectively promote carbon formation in UPR. Moreover, EZ itself can also expand to form dense and continuous carbon layers in UPR, which further elucidates the flame-retardant mechanism.
{"title":"Highly-efficient flame-retarding unsaturated polyester resin via the designation of an expansive flame retardant","authors":"Ying-Ming Li, Shuang-Lin Hu, Hang-Ping Fang, Yao Deng, Chang-De Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are commonly used in electronics manufacturing and traditional construction, but their inherent flammability greatly limits their use. An expansive flame retardant EZ was prepared via the simple ionic reaction between the 2-Aminothiazole (AMZ) and ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphoric acid (EDTMP). The thermal decomposition process of EZ and UPR/EZ and the flame retardancy of the compound were studied. The flame retardancy mechanism of EZ in UPR was analyzed in detail. When the EZ content was 15 wt%, the flame-retardant grade of the composite reached V-0. The flame-retardant efficiency was very high mainly through the interaction of gas phase and condensed phase. Interestingly, flame retardant EZ can perform expansion crosslinking in UPR, which can effectively promote carbon formation in UPR. Moreover, EZ itself can also expand to form dense and continuous carbon layers in UPR, which further elucidates the flame-retardant mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation focuses on the synergistic performance improvement in graphene/MWCNT reinforced Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) - carbon fiber (CF) multi-scale composites. FTIR revealed the chemical interactions while HRTEM, XRD and 3D X-ray microscopy gave insight into nanofiller dispersion and microstructural features. The functional groups on nanofillers along with structural features integrated various components of the multi-scale composites by formation of graphene/MWCNT/CF complex network that provided larger interfacial area, bridging effect and physico-chemical interaction with PAEK while restricting its segmental mobility. Multi-scale composites displayed significantly improved strength, fracture toughness, interlaminar shear strength, glass transition temperature and tribological performance. Under dynamic load, graphene/MWCNT reinforcement of matrix and CF synergistically increases the storage modulus and energy absorption characteristics. Wear and fracture surface morphology of nano and multi-scale composites showed ductile failure confirming interfacial adhesion. The failure behavior in experimental studies was supported by Abaqus/Explicit-based FEM models of fracture toughness response. This work provides a promising avenue to develop next generation high performance thermoplastic composites for structural applications.
{"title":"Synergistic enhancement in mechanical properties of graphene/MWCNT reinforced Polyaryletherketone – carbon fiber multi-scale composites: Experimental studies and finite element analysis","authors":"Sarath Kumar Painkal , Meera Balachandran , Karingamanna Jayanarayanan , Nagaarjun Sridhar , Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation focuses on the synergistic performance improvement in graphene/MWCNT reinforced Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) - carbon fiber (CF) multi-scale composites. FTIR revealed the chemical interactions while HRTEM, XRD and 3D X-ray microscopy gave insight into nanofiller dispersion and microstructural features. The functional groups on nanofillers along with structural features integrated various components of the multi-scale composites by formation of graphene/MWCNT/CF complex network that provided larger interfacial area, bridging effect and physico-chemical interaction with PAEK while restricting its segmental mobility. Multi-scale composites displayed significantly improved strength, fracture toughness, interlaminar shear strength, glass transition temperature and tribological performance. Under dynamic load, graphene/MWCNT reinforcement of matrix and CF synergistically increases the storage modulus and energy absorption characteristics. Wear and fracture surface morphology of nano and multi-scale composites showed ductile failure confirming interfacial adhesion. The failure behavior in experimental studies was supported by Abaqus/Explicit-based FEM models of fracture toughness response. This work provides a promising avenue to develop next generation high performance thermoplastic composites for structural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 20-36"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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