Wood in outdoor applications is exposed to various decay factors, of which fungi are the most important. Some wood species are more resistant to fungal decay than others. Forma Viva in Kostanjevica has been exhibiting sculptures made mainly of oak wood for 60 years. The oldest sculpture is the work of Tanaka Eisaku entitled “Japanese Festival”. After 60 years, the condition of the sculpture was examined with a resistograph and a moisture metre. Several samples were isolated from the sculpture and examined with FTIR and XRF spectroscopy. The density of the samples was determined with GeoPyc and analysed in detail with laser and digital microscopy. Signs of fungal attack, as well as insect and bird damage can also be seen on the sculpture. The resistograph analysis showed that the wood is mainly decayed in the axial planes and in the core. In addition, the sapwood is severely decayed in some areas. The wood has been surface-coated in recent years; however, there is no biocide residue in the wood. If the sculpture is to be preserved for posterity, it must be properly conserved.
{"title":"Ocena stanja lesenega kipa japonski festival Tanake Eisakuja","authors":"M. Humar, B. Lesar, Davor Kržišnik","doi":"10.20315/asetl.127.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.127.1","url":null,"abstract":"Wood in outdoor applications is exposed to various decay factors, of which fungi are the most important. Some wood species are more resistant to fungal decay than others. Forma Viva in Kostanjevica has been exhibiting sculptures made mainly of oak wood for 60 years. The oldest sculpture is the work of Tanaka Eisaku entitled “Japanese Festival”. After 60 years, the condition of the sculpture was examined with a resistograph and a moisture metre. Several samples were isolated from the sculpture and examined with FTIR and XRF spectroscopy. The density of the samples was determined with GeoPyc and analysed in detail with laser and digital microscopy. Signs of fungal attack, as well as insect and bird damage can also be seen on the sculpture. The resistograph analysis showed that the wood is mainly decayed in the axial planes and in the core. In addition, the sapwood is severely decayed in some areas. The wood has been surface-coated in recent years; however, there is no biocide residue in the wood. If the sculpture is to be preserved for posterity, it must be properly conserved.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six broadleaf tree species (Celtis australis L. – Mediterranean hackberry, Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. – sessile oak, Fagus sylvatica L. – European beech, Prunus avium L. – wild cherry, Juglans regia L. – Persian walnut and Acer pseudoplatanus L. – sycamore maple) were planted in 2012 in a trial in the Slovenian Karst on two sites differing in productivity to test their suitability for use in the conversion of old pine stands into ecologically more stable broadleaf forests and to investigate their possible response to the harsher growth conditions predicted in the future. The selected economically interesting tree species have higher timber quality than broadleaves which regenerate naturally (e.g., Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris). Measurements were taken in 2017, after four growth seasons. All planted species except Fagus sylvatica had a high survival rate. In total, 70% of all seedlings survived, which shows promising potential. The survival rate was higher at the site on flat terrain than at the site on a slope. Prunus avium was the most successful of all planted species in terms of survival rate, at 83%, and other measured parameters (height, height increment, stem diameter, vitality and quality), and Fagus sylvatica was the least successful, with a survival rate of only 20%. Celtis australis had the highest survival rate, at 87%. Acer pseudoplatanus had the largest differences in measured parameters between the more and less productive sites among all planted species. Quercus petraea showed high resistance to xeric conditions and is expected to be the most successful in conversions. All planted species except Fagus sylvatica show favourable initial potential for the future conversion of Karst pine forests.
6种阔叶树(Celtis australis L.) -地中海白杨，栎(Quercus petaea)Liebl。2012年，在斯洛文尼亚喀斯特地区的两个生产力不同的地点进行了一项试验，试验种植了无柄橡树、Fagus sylvatica L. -欧洲山毛榉、Prunus avium L. -野生樱桃、Juglans regia L. -波斯核桃和Acer pseudoplatanus L. -梧桐枫)，以测试它们是否适合将老松林转化为生态更稳定的阔叶林，并研究它们对未来更恶劣的生长条件可能做出的反应。所选择的具有经济价值的树种比自然再生的阔叶(例如，Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris)具有更高的木材质量。在四个生长季节之后，2017年进行了测量。除森林Fagus sylvatica外，所有人工种的成活率均较高。幼苗成活率达70%，具有良好的发展潜力。在地势平坦的地点存活率高于斜坡的地点。在所有栽培树种中，李树(Prunus avium)的成活率最高，为83%，其他测量参数(高度、高增、茎粗、活力和质量)，而山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica)的成活率最低，仅为20%。南方凯尔特人的存活率最高，为87%。假扁桃槭在不同种植种高产地和低高产地的测量参数差异最大。黄柏表现出对干旱条件的高度抗性，预计在转化中是最成功的。除山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica)外，所有人工树种都显示出良好的喀斯特松林未来转化潜力。
{"title":"Good survival of broadleaf tree species in a four-year-old plantation in the Slovenian Karst","authors":"Nina Pkrk, K. Jarni, R. Brus","doi":"10.20315/asetl.127.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.127.2","url":null,"abstract":"Six broadleaf tree species (Celtis australis L. – Mediterranean hackberry, Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. – sessile oak, Fagus sylvatica L. – European beech, Prunus avium L. – wild cherry, Juglans regia L. – Persian walnut and Acer pseudoplatanus L. – sycamore maple) were planted in 2012 in a trial in the Slovenian Karst on two sites differing in productivity to test their suitability for use in the conversion of old pine stands into ecologically more stable broadleaf forests and to investigate their possible response to the harsher growth conditions predicted in the future. The selected economically interesting tree species have higher timber quality than broadleaves which regenerate naturally (e.g., Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris). Measurements were taken in 2017, after four growth seasons. All planted species except Fagus sylvatica had a high survival rate. In total, 70% of all seedlings survived, which shows promising potential. The survival rate was higher at the site on flat terrain than at the site on a slope. Prunus avium was the most successful of all planted species in terms of survival rate, at 83%, and other measured parameters (height, height increment, stem diameter, vitality and quality), and Fagus sylvatica was the least successful, with a survival rate of only 20%. Celtis australis had the highest survival rate, at 87%. Acer pseudoplatanus had the largest differences in measured parameters between the more and less productive sites among all planted species. Quercus petraea showed high resistance to xeric conditions and is expected to be the most successful in conversions. All planted species except Fagus sylvatica show favourable initial potential for the future conversion of Karst pine forests.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68292068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we evaluated key forestry related topics in the journal Landscape Ecology in the period 1987-2021 using keyword analysis to highlight which forestry topics have been relevant for landscape ecologists from the inception of the IALE organisation until present. Our analysis has shown that forests have far too often been just a framework for research focusing on management interventions in the forest. The three key words with the highest frequencies were forest/wood fragmentation, forest management and forest(s). Until now, however, we have not made sufficient use of the opportunity to study the field of forest ecosystem functionning at the landscape level. Suggestions for future reserch are therefore given.
{"title":"Forestry and the 40th anniversary of IALE","authors":"J. Pirnat","doi":"10.20315/asetl.128.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.128.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we evaluated key forestry related topics in the journal Landscape Ecology in the period 1987-2021 using keyword analysis to highlight which forestry topics have been relevant for landscape ecologists from the inception of the IALE organisation until present. Our analysis has shown that forests have far too often been just a framework for research focusing on management interventions in the forest. The three key words with the highest frequencies were forest/wood fragmentation, forest management and forest(s). Until now, however, we have not made sufficient use of the opportunity to study the field of forest ecosystem functionning at the landscape level. Suggestions for future reserch are therefore given.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janez Kermavnar, Lado Kutnar, Aleksander Marinšek, Valerija Babij
Using Slovenian forest flora as an example, we investigated four plant functional traits: specific leaf area (SLP), leaf dry matter content (VSS), plant height (VIŠ) and seed/spore mass (MAS). The first two traits define the leaf economics spectrum (way and efficiency of resource utilization), whereas the other two are linked to the size of plant organs. This study tested the correlations between plant traits and their phytoindication values for the ecological factors of light (L), temperature (T), continentality (K), soil moisture (F), soil reaction (R) and nutrients (N). We found statistically significant correlations between SLP and R, N, L, F and K; between VSS and R and N; between VIŠ and N, T, R and F; and between MAS and K, R, N and T. Along the first axis of the ordination space, we identified a leaf economics spectrum ranging from species with higher SLP values growing on more productive but also more shaded sites to plants with higher VSS values adapted to more stressful conditions (e.g. low soil reaction or low availability of nutrients and water, respectively). The VSS trait contributed the most to explaining the variability in the functional profile of forest plants, while the MAS trait contributed the least. These findings are comparable with previous studies, as the selected concepts allow for the identification of diversity of plant form and function on a global scale.
{"title":"Funkcionalna ekologija rastlin: preverjanje izbranih konceptov na primeru rastlinskih vrst gozdnih rastiščnih tipov v Sloveniji","authors":"Janez Kermavnar, Lado Kutnar, Aleksander Marinšek, Valerija Babij","doi":"10.20315/asetl.129.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.129.1","url":null,"abstract":"Using Slovenian forest flora as an example, we investigated four plant functional traits: specific leaf area (SLP), leaf dry matter content (VSS), plant height (VIŠ) and seed/spore mass (MAS). The first two traits define the leaf economics spectrum (way and efficiency of resource utilization), whereas the other two are linked to the size of plant organs. This study tested the correlations between plant traits and their phytoindication values for the ecological factors of light (L), temperature (T), continentality (K), soil moisture (F), soil reaction (R) and nutrients (N). We found statistically significant correlations between SLP and R, N, L, F and K; between VSS and R and N; between VIŠ and N, T, R and F; and between MAS and K, R, N and T. Along the first axis of the ordination space, we identified a leaf economics spectrum ranging from species with higher SLP values growing on more productive but also more shaded sites to plants with higher VSS values adapted to more stressful conditions (e.g. low soil reaction or low availability of nutrients and water, respectively). The VSS trait contributed the most to explaining the variability in the functional profile of forest plants, while the MAS trait contributed the least. These findings are comparable with previous studies, as the selected concepts allow for the identification of diversity of plant form and function on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68292585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several recent EU documents deal with forests and forestry. Some of them also foreseen the launch of strategic plans for forests at the national level. The paper presents procedural requirements for strategic plans and the contents that supposed to be addressed in the plans. In a brief analysis of the drafts of forest management plans for forest regions, we found that the drafts were prepared in accordance with existing national regulation, which is likely to be fulfilled in the future. The main contents of the headings were also consistent with the contents of many EU documents. We found some shortcomings in terms of links among the main themes, existing forest conditions, forest management objectives and pathways.
{"title":"Strateški načrti v gozdarstvu","authors":"Janez Zafran, Marko Kovač","doi":"10.20315/asetl.129.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.129.4","url":null,"abstract":"Several recent EU documents deal with forests and forestry. Some of them also foreseen the launch of strategic plans for forests at the national level. The paper presents procedural requirements for strategic plans and the contents that supposed to be addressed in the plans. In a brief analysis of the drafts of forest management plans for forest regions, we found that the drafts were prepared in accordance with existing national regulation, which is likely to be fulfilled in the future. The main contents of the headings were also consistent with the contents of many EU documents. We found some shortcomings in terms of links among the main themes, existing forest conditions, forest management objectives and pathways.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68292621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For Natura 2000 areas, the European Commission proposes the drafting of management plans that include site-specific objectives and conservation measures based thereon. In order to avoid potential subsequent conflicts, the process needs to involve all stakeholders early on and in a sensible manner. In the framework of the project GoForMura, management plans for the Natura 2000 forest sites in the study areas of Gornja Bistrica and Murska Šuma in the Prekmurje region were drafted as model plans. The participation of stakeholders, in particular forest owners and managers, was given special attention in the drafting of what were the first such documents.
{"title":"Participativni pristop pri pripravi upravljavskih načrtov na primeru izbranih gozdnih habitatnih tipov in živalskih vrst ob Muri","authors":"Andreja Ferreira, Petra Goršelj, Špela Planinšek","doi":"10.20315/asetl.126.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.126.4","url":null,"abstract":"For Natura 2000 areas, the European Commission proposes the drafting of management plans that include site-specific objectives and conservation measures based thereon. In order to avoid potential subsequent conflicts, the process needs to involve all stakeholders early on and in a sensible manner. In the framework of the project GoForMura, management plans for the Natura 2000 forest sites in the study areas of Gornja Bistrica and Murska Šuma in the Prekmurje region were drafted as model plans. The participation of stakeholders, in particular forest owners and managers, was given special attention in the drafting of what were the first such documents.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45415851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, Almedin Hebibović, D. Ballian
The research aimed to determine the start, end and duration of leafing phases, the degree of plant damage caused by late spring frost, and the retention of leaves in autumn. The research was conducted in the international common beech provenance test in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The test contains eight provenances from Bosnia and Herzegovina, four from Germany, three from Serbia, two each from Croatia, Romania and Switzerland, and one from Hungary. Leafing phenology, canopy damage caused by late spring frost, and leaf retention were assessed in 2019. Most provenances started opening buds on 17 April 2019. Complete canopy damage affected the highest percentage of plants in provenance BW Bad Wildbad, Germany (68 %), and the lowest in provenance Konjuh Kladanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina (3.2 %). Provenance Herzogenbuchsee from Switzerland had the highest percentage of winter leaf retention (37.5 % of plants). The results can be used in choosing provenances that are resistant to low temperatures in zones of late spring and early autumn frost.
研究的目的是确定叶片阶段的开始、结束和持续时间，晚春霜冻对植株的损害程度，以及秋季叶片的保留。该研究是在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的国际山毛榉种源试验中进行的。该测试包含八个来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的来源，四个来自德国，三个来自塞尔维亚，克罗地亚，罗马尼亚和瑞士各两个，还有一个来自匈牙利。2019年对叶片物候、晚春霜冻对冠层的损害和叶片滞留进行了评估。大多数种源于2019年4月17日开始发芽。德国BW Bad Wildbad种源林冠完全破坏比例最高(68%)，波黑Konjuh Kladanj种源林冠完全破坏比例最低(3.2%)。来自瑞士的种源Herzogenbuchsee的冬季叶片保留率最高(37.5%)。研究结果可用于选择春末秋初霜冻地区耐低温的种源。
{"title":"Phenological variability and resistance to late spring frost of common beech in the international provenance test in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, Almedin Hebibović, D. Ballian","doi":"10.20315/asetl.126.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.126.2","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to determine the start, end and duration of leafing phases, the degree of plant damage caused by late spring frost, and the retention of leaves in autumn. The research was conducted in the international common beech provenance test in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The test contains eight provenances from Bosnia and Herzegovina, four from Germany, three from Serbia, two each from Croatia, Romania and Switzerland, and one from Hungary. Leafing phenology, canopy damage caused by late spring frost, and leaf retention were assessed in 2019. Most provenances started opening buds on 17 April 2019. Complete canopy damage affected the highest percentage of plants in provenance BW Bad Wildbad, Germany (68 %), and the lowest in provenance Konjuh Kladanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina (3.2 %). Provenance Herzogenbuchsee from Switzerland had the highest percentage of winter leaf retention (37.5 % of plants). The results can be used in choosing provenances that are resistant to low temperatures in zones of late spring and early autumn frost.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on previous measurements from 1962 to 2017 on forest research plots located on former slash-and-burn farming areas in the cadastral municipality of Koprivna, the diameter and height increment as well as volume increments of the two main tree species - spruce and larch - were calculated. These set-aside natural research plots have a smaller mean basal area diameter, but the number of trees is higher than in comparable managed forests. Due to the high-density of tree stands over the past thirty years, radial increment of spruce and larch has declined. To determine the influence of environmental factors on radial growth of spruce and larch, a dendrochronological analysis was conducted. According to the dendrochronological analysis of radial increment of trees, the number of years with a negative response has been higher since 1984.
{"title":"Priraščanje navadne smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in evropskega macesna (Larix decidua Mill.) na nekdanjih novinah v koprivni v Karavankah","authors":"Janez Golob, Tom Levanič, David Hladnik","doi":"10.20315/asetl.126.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.126.3","url":null,"abstract":"Based on previous measurements from 1962 to 2017 on forest research plots located on former slash-and-burn farming areas in the cadastral municipality of Koprivna, the diameter and height increment as well as volume increments of the two main tree species - spruce and larch - were calculated. These set-aside natural research plots have a smaller mean basal area diameter, but the number of trees is higher than in comparable managed forests. Due to the high-density of tree stands over the past thirty years, radial increment of spruce and larch has declined. To determine the influence of environmental factors on radial growth of spruce and larch, a dendrochronological analysis was conducted. According to the dendrochronological analysis of radial increment of trees, the number of years with a negative response has been higher since 1984.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42057405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present seven alternative statistical models for modelling tree diameter increment with data from permanent sampling plots. In addition to the polynomial regression model, we present a regression model with added random noise, a mixed linear model, regression with natural splines, and three models with limited dependent variables: truncated regression, tobit regression and grouped data regression. The models may be used when dealing with truncated or censored variables, biased estimation of the increment due to censoring and rounding down, or when having multilevel data. The parametrization of the models was done using 21,013 fir trees on 4,405 plots in the period 1990–2014 in uneven-aged Dinaric fir-beech forests. All models showed a similar effect of tree diameter, stand basal area, basal area of larger trees, diameter structure diversity, altitude and slope. There were only minor differences in the regression coefficients and fit measures. The highest increment predictions were given by the tobit model. The mixed model fit the data best and, compared to the other models, predicted a slower decrease in the growth of large-diameter trees after growth culmination.
{"title":"Primerjava različnih regresijskih modelov za napovedovanje debelinskega priraščanja jelke","authors":"Andrej Ficko, Vasilije Trifković","doi":"10.20315/asetl.126.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.126.6","url":null,"abstract":"We present seven alternative statistical models for modelling tree diameter increment with data from permanent sampling plots. In addition to the polynomial regression model, we present a regression model with added random noise, a mixed linear model, regression with natural splines, and three models with limited dependent variables: truncated regression, tobit regression and grouped data regression. The models may be used when dealing with truncated or censored variables, biased estimation of the increment due to censoring and rounding down, or when having multilevel data. The parametrization of the models was done using 21,013 fir trees on 4,405 plots in the period 1990–2014 in uneven-aged Dinaric fir-beech forests. All models showed a similar effect of tree diameter, stand basal area, basal area of larger trees, diameter structure diversity, altitude and slope. There were only minor differences in the regression coefficients and fit measures. The highest increment predictions were given by the tobit model. The mixed model fit the data best and, compared to the other models, predicted a slower decrease in the growth of large-diameter trees after growth culmination.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43470849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we investigated the health status of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) trees in a residential area of the city of Bratsk (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia). Visual and instrumental assessment of the health status of pruned and unpruned trees was performed. The identified internal defects in the tree were analyzed with a Resistograph device, which enabled the extent of decayed wood to be determined. Visual analysis revealed various types of damage: dried branches, brittle crowns, frost cracks, mechanical damage, curvature of trunks, decay and inclusions of foreign bodies. We compared trees with and without canopy pruning. We found that pruned trees were significantly more damaged than non-pruned trees. Decomposing wood at different stages of development was found in all the trees studied. A tree passport combining the visual and instrumental assessment data was compiled for each tree. The results of the research were used to formulate conclusions and recommendations for improving the management of urban trees in order to restore their ecological and aesthetic functions.
{"title":"Assessment of the condition of Balsam poplar trees (Populus balsamifera L.) in a residental area of Bratsk","authors":"E. Runova, V. Verkhoturov, L. Anoshkina, I. Garus","doi":"10.20315/asetl.126.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.126.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the health status of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) trees in a residential area of the city of Bratsk (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia). Visual and instrumental assessment of the health status of pruned and unpruned trees was performed. The identified internal defects in the tree were analyzed with a Resistograph device, which enabled the extent of decayed wood to be determined. Visual analysis revealed various types of damage: dried branches, brittle crowns, frost cracks, mechanical damage, curvature of trunks, decay and inclusions of foreign bodies. We compared trees with and without canopy pruning. We found that pruned trees were significantly more damaged than non-pruned trees. Decomposing wood at different stages of development was found in all the trees studied. A tree passport combining the visual and instrumental assessment data was compiled for each tree. The results of the research were used to formulate conclusions and recommendations for improving the management of urban trees in order to restore their ecological and aesthetic functions.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46492255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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