Frequent natural disasters in recent years have been a major challenge in private forest management and have led to increased activity among all stakeholders along the forest-wood chain. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on salvage logging in private forests damaged by natural disasters, with the aim of identifying the barriers that private forest owners face in salvaging and solutions for faster and more efficient salvaging. After reviewing the relevant literature, we included 59 articles and 25 reports in the final analysis. The results showed that researchers have not yet systematically addressed the identification of barriers. We identified 51 barriers, which we classified into 7 groups, and 68 solutions, which we classified into 11 groups. Most researchers have dealt with barriers from the 'Characteristics of private forest owners' group and solutions from the 'Stakeholder Cooperation' group. Finally, we associated the identified barriers with appropriate salvaging solutions and found that all identified solutions represent a solution for at least one of the barriers and that each barrier has at least one solution. The research represents the first, but important, step in identifying the decision-making factors for salvaging in private forests damaged by natural disasters.
{"title":"Ovire in rešitve pri sanaciji v ujmah poškodovanih zasebnih gozdov","authors":"Darja Stare, Petra Grošelj, Š. Malovrh","doi":"10.20315/asetl.123.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.123.2","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent natural disasters in recent years have been a major challenge in private forest management and have led to increased activity among all stakeholders along the forest-wood chain. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on salvage logging in private forests damaged by natural disasters, with the aim of identifying the barriers that private forest owners face in salvaging and solutions for faster and more efficient salvaging. After reviewing the relevant literature, we included 59 articles and 25 reports in the final analysis. The results showed that researchers have not yet systematically addressed the identification of barriers. We identified 51 barriers, which we classified into 7 groups, and 68 solutions, which we classified into 11 groups. Most researchers have dealt with barriers from the 'Characteristics of private forest owners' group and solutions from the 'Stakeholder Cooperation' group. Finally, we associated the identified barriers with appropriate salvaging solutions and found that all identified solutions represent a solution for at least one of the barriers and that each barrier has at least one solution. The research represents the first, but important, step in identifying the decision-making factors for salvaging in private forests damaged by natural disasters.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zadružnistvo ima na slovenskem že dolgo tradicijo, saj zacetki zadružnistva segajo v leto 1873, ko je bil sprejet zadružni zakon. Prvi gozdarski zadrugi sta bili v Sloveniji ustanovljeni leta 1918, sedaj pa je zadrug, ki so registrirane za kmetijstvo, lov, gozdarstvo ter ribistvo v Sloveniji 78, kar predstavlja 18,4 % vseh slovenskih zadrug. Ena izmed zadrug je tudi Gozdarska zadruga lastnikov gozdov Pohorje – Kozjak, katero smo kot studijo primera izbrali za analizo uspesnosti prodaje gozdnih lesnih sortimentov v obdobju od ustanovitve do leta 2017, ter analizo zadovoljstva clanov z odkupnimi cenami in samim delovanjem zadruge. Kot osnova za analizo uspesnosti prodaje so nam služili racuni in obracuni prodaje gozdnih lesnih sortimentov ter bilance stanja poslovanja zadruge. Zadovoljstvo clanov zadruge pa smo analizirali s pomocjo strukturiranega anketnega vprasalnika za clane in intervjujem z direktorjem zadruge. Ugotovili smo, da je zadruga z leti povecevala obseg trgovanja z gozdnimi lesnimi sortimenti, ter med analiziranimi leti povecala odkup za 47,6 %, da so se odkupne in prodajne cene med analiziranimi leti gibale v odvisnosti od kakovosti sortimentov ter da zadruga posluje uspesno in dobickonosno, saj je v vseh letih poslovala z dobickom. Clani zadruge so v povprecju zadovoljni z delovanjem zadruge, saj so svoje zadovoljstvo po Likarjevi skali ocenili s 4,0. Glavni problem delovanja zadruge predstavlja majhno stevilo clanov, konkurenca ostalih odkupovalcev ter placilna nedisciplina kupcev.
{"title":"Analiza uspešnosti prodaje gozdnih lesnih sortimentov v gozdarski zadrugi lastnikov gozdov Pohorje - Kozjak","authors":"Gregor Černač, Š. Malovrh","doi":"10.20315/asetl.122.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.122.1","url":null,"abstract":"Zadružnistvo ima na slovenskem že dolgo tradicijo, saj zacetki zadružnistva segajo v leto 1873, ko je bil sprejet zadružni zakon. Prvi gozdarski zadrugi sta bili v Sloveniji ustanovljeni leta 1918, sedaj pa je zadrug, ki so registrirane za kmetijstvo, lov, gozdarstvo ter ribistvo v Sloveniji 78, kar predstavlja 18,4 % vseh slovenskih zadrug. Ena izmed zadrug je tudi Gozdarska zadruga lastnikov gozdov Pohorje – Kozjak, katero smo kot studijo primera izbrali za analizo uspesnosti prodaje gozdnih lesnih sortimentov v obdobju od ustanovitve do leta 2017, ter analizo zadovoljstva clanov z odkupnimi cenami in samim delovanjem zadruge. Kot osnova za analizo uspesnosti prodaje so nam služili racuni in obracuni prodaje gozdnih lesnih sortimentov ter bilance stanja poslovanja zadruge. Zadovoljstvo clanov zadruge pa smo analizirali s pomocjo strukturiranega anketnega vprasalnika za clane in intervjujem z direktorjem zadruge. Ugotovili smo, da je zadruga z leti povecevala obseg trgovanja z gozdnimi lesnimi sortimenti, ter med analiziranimi leti povecala odkup za 47,6 %, da so se odkupne in prodajne cene med analiziranimi leti gibale v odvisnosti od kakovosti sortimentov ter da zadruga posluje uspesno in dobickonosno, saj je v vseh letih poslovala z dobickom. Clani zadruge so v povprecju zadovoljni z delovanjem zadruge, saj so svoje zadovoljstvo po Likarjevi skali ocenili s 4,0. Glavni problem delovanja zadruge predstavlja majhno stevilo clanov, konkurenca ostalih odkupovalcev ter placilna nedisciplina kupcev.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gašper Ogrin, Raffaele Spinelli, Natascia Magagnotti, V. Halilović, Matevž Mihelič
In the article we determine the suitability of the phytocenose as a basic unit for determining soil susceptibility to mechanized logging. A total of 90 measurements of skid trail profiles were taken on a 13.9 km long sample transect. The forest infrastructure studied was categorized into primary and secondary skid trails, trails intended for CTL harvesting and undocumented trails. The following indicators were determined on the profiles: tyre track depth, trail width, trail slope, amount of rock present, presence of roots and road category. The deepest ruts were found in Blechno-Fagetum (6.9 cm), followed by Galio rotundifolii-Abietetum (6.4 cm) and Hacquetio-Fagetum (5.6 cm), while the shallowest ruts were found in Omphalodo-Fagetum (5.3 cm). The deepest ruts were found on primary skid trails (7.0 cm), followed by secondary skid trails (5.8 cm), while the shallowest ruts were found on skid trails used by CTL technology and on undocumented trails (1.9 cm). No significant difference in track depth was found between the four individual phytosociological units, but more extensive research should be conducted in the future.
{"title":"Fitocenološka združba kot kazalnik občutljivosti gozdnih tal za vožnjo gozdarske mehanizacije","authors":"Gašper Ogrin, Raffaele Spinelli, Natascia Magagnotti, V. Halilović, Matevž Mihelič","doi":"10.20315/ASETL.123.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/ASETL.123.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the article we determine the suitability of the phytocenose as a basic unit for determining soil susceptibility to mechanized logging. A total of 90 measurements of skid trail profiles were taken on a 13.9 km long sample transect. The forest infrastructure studied was categorized into primary and secondary skid trails, trails intended for CTL harvesting and undocumented trails. The following indicators were determined on the profiles: tyre track depth, trail width, trail slope, amount of rock present, presence of roots and road category. The deepest ruts were found in Blechno-Fagetum (6.9 cm), followed by Galio rotundifolii-Abietetum (6.4 cm) and Hacquetio-Fagetum (5.6 cm), while the shallowest ruts were found in Omphalodo-Fagetum (5.3 cm). The deepest ruts were found on primary skid trails (7.0 cm), followed by secondary skid trails (5.8 cm), while the shallowest ruts were found on skid trails used by CTL technology and on undocumented trails (1.9 cm). No significant difference in track depth was found between the four individual phytosociological units, but more extensive research should be conducted in the future.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ambrozijske podlubnike uvrscamo med najpomembnejse tujerodne invazivne organizme. Se posebej uspesna pri osvajanju novih obmocij pa je vrsta Xyosandrus germanus, ki je bila leta 2000 prvic najdena tudi v Sloveniji. Namen nase naloge je bil potrditi razsirjenost in ugotoviti velikost populacije X. germanus v revirju Sentvid (KE ZGS Skofljica). Vrsto smo spremljali s pomocjo pasti iz odpadnih plastenk, ki smo jih naredili sami. Postavljene so bile v treh razlicnih gozdnih sestojih, in sicer smo v vsakem sestoju postavili stiri pasti z razlicnimi vabami (etanol, denaturiran etanol, kombinacija etanola in %-pinena ter kontrolna past brez vabe), v zbirni posodi je bil konzervans etilen glikol. Pasti smo spremljali osem tednov, v obdobju med 26. 4. 2017 in 20. 6. 2017, jih tedensko praznili, ulov pa determinirali v Laboratoriju za ekoloske raziskave - entomologija, Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire BF. Ujeli smo 11.460 osebkov X. germanus, kar je v skupnem ulovu pomenilo kar 90,09 % celotnega ulova hroscev oziroma 95,30 % celotnega ulova podlubnikov. Tako stevilcen ulov kaže na to, da je populacija X. germanus na raziskovalnem obmocju velika. Poleg vrste X. germanus smo potrdili se enega tujerodnega ambrozijskega podlubnika, in sicer vrsto Gnathotrichus materiarius. Nasi rezultati kažejo, da ni vecjih razlik v ucinkovitosti privabljanja vrste X. germanus med testiranimi vabami. Glede na stevilo ujetih osebkov vrste X. germanus pa lahko trdimo, da so tudi doma narejene pasti iz odpadnih plastenk lahko primerno orodje za spremljanje tujerodnih ambrozijskih podlubnikov.
{"title":"Spremljanje tujerodnih ambrozijskih podlubnikov: tudi doma izdelane pasti so lahko učinkovite","authors":"Luka Pajek, Tine Hauptman, Maja Jurc","doi":"10.20315/asetl.122.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.122.4","url":null,"abstract":"Ambrozijske podlubnike uvrscamo med najpomembnejse tujerodne invazivne organizme. Se posebej uspesna pri osvajanju novih obmocij pa je vrsta Xyosandrus germanus, ki je bila leta 2000 prvic najdena tudi v Sloveniji. Namen nase naloge je bil potrditi razsirjenost in ugotoviti velikost populacije X. germanus v revirju Sentvid (KE ZGS Skofljica). Vrsto smo spremljali s pomocjo pasti iz odpadnih plastenk, ki smo jih naredili sami. Postavljene so bile v treh razlicnih gozdnih sestojih, in sicer smo v vsakem sestoju postavili stiri pasti z razlicnimi vabami (etanol, denaturiran etanol, kombinacija etanola in %-pinena ter kontrolna past brez vabe), v zbirni posodi je bil konzervans etilen glikol. Pasti smo spremljali osem tednov, v obdobju med 26. 4. 2017 in 20. 6. 2017, jih tedensko praznili, ulov pa determinirali v Laboratoriju za ekoloske raziskave - entomologija, Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire BF. Ujeli smo 11.460 osebkov X. germanus, kar je v skupnem ulovu pomenilo kar 90,09 % celotnega ulova hroscev oziroma 95,30 % celotnega ulova podlubnikov. Tako stevilcen ulov kaže na to, da je populacija X. germanus na raziskovalnem obmocju velika. Poleg vrste X. germanus smo potrdili se enega tujerodnega ambrozijskega podlubnika, in sicer vrsto Gnathotrichus materiarius. Nasi rezultati kažejo, da ni vecjih razlik v ucinkovitosti privabljanja vrste X. germanus med testiranimi vabami. Glede na stevilo ujetih osebkov vrste X. germanus pa lahko trdimo, da so tudi doma narejene pasti iz odpadnih plastenk lahko primerno orodje za spremljanje tujerodnih ambrozijskih podlubnikov.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied snow damage to individual trees in beech stands in Slovenia. The analysis included 22,609 compartments with at least 10 % of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) in the total growing stock. In salvage harvesting due to snow and wind damage, conifers represented a higher proportion than deciduous species, yet their proportions were similar after ice damage. Mainly younger and middle-aged trees of 20–40 cm in dbh were damaged by heavy snow load. On a sample of 363 compartments, for which data on daily snow precipitation were obtained, a binary logistic regression model to predict the probability of snow damage occurrence was developed. The sum of snow cover in spring months, phytogeographical region, rockiness, slope inclination, and bedrock were statistically significant predictors; the key predictor was the sum of snow cover in spring months. The relatively high salvage felling in forests on beech sites can partly be explained by alterations in forests due to the admixture of Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), since beech is less susceptible to snow damage compared to spruce. To improve stand resist-ance, classical thinnings from above should be frequent and of lower intensity, or alternative types of crop tree situational thinning should be applied in younger and middle-aged even-aged stands.
{"title":"Poškodbe drevja zaradi abiotskih naravnih motenj na bukovih rastiščih v Sloveniji s poudarkom na snegolomih","authors":"Blanka Klinar, Matija Klopčič, Andrej Bončina","doi":"10.20315/asetl.122.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.122.5","url":null,"abstract":"We studied snow damage to individual trees in beech stands in Slovenia. The analysis included 22,609 compartments with at least 10 % of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) in the total growing stock. In salvage harvesting due to snow and wind damage, conifers represented a higher proportion than deciduous species, yet their proportions were similar after ice damage. Mainly younger and middle-aged trees of 20–40 cm in dbh were damaged by heavy snow load. On a sample of 363 compartments, for which data on daily snow precipitation were obtained, a binary logistic regression model to predict the probability of snow damage occurrence was developed. The sum of snow cover in spring months, phytogeographical region, rockiness, slope inclination, and bedrock were statistically significant predictors; the key predictor was the sum of snow cover in spring months. The relatively high salvage felling in forests on beech sites can partly be explained by alterations in forests due to the admixture of Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), since beech is less susceptible to snow damage compared to spruce. To improve stand resist-ance, classical thinnings from above should be frequent and of lower intensity, or alternative types of crop tree situational thinning should be applied in younger and middle-aged even-aged stands.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An inventory of tree microhabitats was done in two unmanaged forests (Kobile and Ravna gora forest reserves) and one managed beech forest in SE Slovenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of forest management, natural disturbances, and tree characteristics on microhabitat patterns. Forest structure and microhabitats were recorded in systematically placed plots (500 m2 in size) across each area. In total, we inventoried 849 trees on 54 plots and 1833 tree microhabitats. The results showed that forest management had no significant influence on the abundance of microhabitats per tree, but there were differences regarding microhabitat type between managed and unmanaged sites. There were substantially more microhabitats related to standing dead and live habitat trees in unmanaged forest (e.g. woodpecker cavities, insect galleries and bore holes, branch holes, dead branches and fruiting bodies of fungi), whereas in managed forests there were more tree microhabitats related to management (e.g. exposed heartwood, coarse bark, and epiphytic plants). The results also indicate that disturbance, tree diameter, vitality, and species influence the density, diversity, and occurrence of tree microhabitats.
{"title":"Patterns of tree microhabitats across a gradient of managed to old-growth conditions","authors":"Kristina Sever, T. Nagel","doi":"10.20315/asetl.118.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.118.3","url":null,"abstract":"An inventory of tree microhabitats was done in two unmanaged forests (Kobile and Ravna gora forest reserves) and one managed beech forest in SE Slovenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of forest management, natural disturbances, and tree characteristics on microhabitat patterns. Forest structure and microhabitats were recorded in systematically placed plots (500 m2 in size) across each area. In total, we inventoried 849 trees on 54 plots and 1833 tree microhabitats. The results showed that forest management had no significant influence on the abundance of microhabitats per tree, but there were differences regarding microhabitat type between managed and unmanaged sites. There were substantially more microhabitats related to standing dead and live habitat trees in unmanaged forest (e.g. woodpecker cavities, insect galleries and bore holes, branch holes, dead branches and fruiting bodies of fungi), whereas in managed forests there were more tree microhabitats related to management (e.g. exposed heartwood, coarse bark, and epiphytic plants). The results also indicate that disturbance, tree diameter, vitality, and species influence the density, diversity, and occurrence of tree microhabitats.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41336089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) is currently the most abundant but poorly studied introduced ungulate species in Slovenia. Studies are rare also elsewhere across Europe, especially in respect to the use of artificial feeding sites, although supplemental feeding is common practice in many countries. We used camera-traps to determine group structure of mouflons using five winter feeding sites in the Gorenjska region (Julian Alps, NW Slovenia). We also studied their circadian activity and the use of mouflon feeding sites by other species. Average group size was 3.5 animals and feeding sites were most often used by ewes with their offspring. We recorded two peaks in circadian use of feeding sites at sunrise and sunset. We recorded six other species using the feeding sites, red deer (Cervus elaphus) being the most dominant among them. Use of camera-traps at the artificial feeding sites proved to be an efficient method to monitor mouflon population and their use of feeding sites.
Mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon)是斯洛文尼亚目前数量最多但研究较少的引进有蹄类物种。欧洲其他地方的研究也很少，特别是关于人工喂养场所的使用，尽管补充喂养在许多国家是常见的做法。我们利用相机陷阱在Gorenjska地区(斯洛文尼亚西北部朱利安阿尔卑斯山脉)的五个冬季觅食点确定了mouflon的群体结构。我们还研究了它们的昼夜活动和其他物种对摩福龙捕食地点的使用。平均群体规模为3.5只，母羊和它们的后代最常使用喂食地点。我们记录了日出和日落时进食地点的两个昼夜节律高峰。在取食地还记录到其他6种动物，其中以马鹿(Cervus elaphus)为优势种。在人工取食地点设置摄像陷阱是监测摩浮鼠种群数量及其取食地点使用情况的有效方法。
{"title":"Raba krmišč pri navadnem muflonu (Ovis orientalis musimon) na Gorenjskem","authors":"Žiga Marenk, Miha Krofel","doi":"10.20315/ASETL.118.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/ASETL.118.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) is currently the most abundant but poorly studied introduced ungulate species in Slovenia. Studies are rare also elsewhere across Europe, especially in respect to the use of artificial feeding sites, although supplemental feeding is common practice in many countries. We used camera-traps to determine group structure of mouflons using five winter feeding sites in the Gorenjska region (Julian Alps, NW Slovenia). We also studied their circadian activity and the use of mouflon feeding sites by other species. Average group size was 3.5 animals and feeding sites were most often used by ewes with their offspring. We recorded two peaks in circadian use of feeding sites at sunrise and sunset. We recorded six other species using the feeding sites, red deer (Cervus elaphus) being the most dominant among them. Use of camera-traps at the artificial feeding sites proved to be an efficient method to monitor mouflon population and their use of feeding sites.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68290909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ungulates affect the development of forest ecosystems in different ways. The most negative impact is a result of a long-term intense overbrowsing of regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of habitat characteristics and topography on browsing damage to regeneration in Dinaric beech-fir forests. The average damage rate across all tree species of regeneration was 70 %, and the analysis of the regeneration height structure showed that there was no recruitment of sycamore maple and silver fir into the upper height layers. We confirmed the influence of cover level for ungulates and topographical position on the browsing damage rate. Most of the damages were recorded on ridges and in sinkholes. According to the results of our study, it will not be possible to provide, at current browsing rates, admixtures of silver fir and sycamore maple in the upper canopy. In order to achieve diverse structure and species composition in these forests, in addition to silvicultural measures, it will be necessary to continue active management of ungulate populations focused on reducing densities.
{"title":"Reliefne značilnosti tal in objedanje mladja s strani velikih rastlinojedih parkljarjev v jelovo-bukovem gozdu","authors":"Dušan Roženbergar, Robert Klevišar, Jurij Diaci","doi":"10.20315/asetl.118.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.118.4","url":null,"abstract":"Ungulates affect the development of forest ecosystems in different ways. The most negative impact is a result of a long-term intense overbrowsing of regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of habitat characteristics and topography on browsing damage to regeneration in Dinaric beech-fir forests. The average damage rate across all tree species of regeneration was 70 %, and the analysis of the regeneration height structure showed that there was no recruitment of sycamore maple and silver fir into the upper height layers. We confirmed the influence of cover level for ungulates and topographical position on the browsing damage rate. Most of the damages were recorded on ridges and in sinkholes. According to the results of our study, it will not be possible to provide, at current browsing rates, admixtures of silver fir and sycamore maple in the upper canopy. In order to achieve diverse structure and species composition in these forests, in addition to silvicultural measures, it will be necessary to continue active management of ungulate populations focused on reducing densities.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied the distribution, growth and regeneration of black locust in Bela krajina. We used Slovenia Forest Service data and additionally recorded data on regeneration. Data from the forest stand level were used to calculate the share of black locust in the stand volume and to develop distribution and regeneration maps. The radial and volume increment of black locust trees were calculated using individual tree data from permanent sample plots and compared to those of other frequent tree species. Regeneration was analyzed in detail using regeneration data obtained on randomly selected permanent sample plots. Black locust occurs on 6.6 % of the forest area in Bela krajina and is more abundant along forest edges outside of larger contiguous forest areas. The stand volume of black locust represents 3.5 % of the total stand volume. The radial and volume increment of black locust is higher than those of most other tree species commonly occurring with black locust in the stands. Black locust is expected to continue to expand in the future and should therefore be taken into account in forest management.
{"title":"Robinija (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) v Beli krajini: razširjenost, priraščanje, pomlajevanje in upravljanje","authors":"B. Bahor, Matija Klopčič","doi":"10.20315/asetl.120.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.120.2","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the distribution, growth and regeneration of black locust in Bela krajina. We used Slovenia Forest Service data and additionally recorded data on regeneration. Data from the forest stand level were used to calculate the share of black locust in the stand volume and to develop distribution and regeneration maps. The radial and volume increment of black locust trees were calculated using individual tree data from permanent sample plots and compared to those of other frequent tree species. Regeneration was analyzed in detail using regeneration data obtained on randomly selected permanent sample plots. Black locust occurs on 6.6 % of the forest area in Bela krajina and is more abundant along forest edges outside of larger contiguous forest areas. The stand volume of black locust represents 3.5 % of the total stand volume. The radial and volume increment of black locust is higher than those of most other tree species commonly occurring with black locust in the stands. Black locust is expected to continue to expand in the future and should therefore be taken into account in forest management.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarina Flajšman, Urša Fležar, Boštjan Pokorny, Klemen Jerina
The information on absolute and/or relative abundance of wild ungulates is one of the key parameters for sustainable and efficient management. Wild ungulates are the most important and abundant group of game species in Slovenia; however, there are currently no standard census methods, which would be performed on the annual basis. There are various methods for estimating wild ungulate abundance and several criteria have to be met, when selecting the most suitable one. The most important criteria that have to be taken into account are studied species, habitat characteristics, size of the studied area, population density and cost efficiency. Besides the faecal pellet group method, which has already been used in Slovenia to estimate the abundance of roe deer and red deer, a suitable method is also the kilometre index. The reliable methods for wild boar are camera traps, drive counts and distance sampling with thermovision and, for chamois, ground counts and aerial counts.
{"title":"Pregled metod za določanje številčnosti prostoživečih parkljarjev","authors":"Katarina Flajšman, Urša Fležar, Boštjan Pokorny, Klemen Jerina","doi":"10.20315/asetl.118.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20315/asetl.118.2","url":null,"abstract":"The information on absolute and/or relative abundance of wild ungulates is one of the key parameters for sustainable and efficient management. Wild ungulates are the most important and abundant group of game species in Slovenia; however, there are currently no standard census methods, which would be performed on the annual basis. There are various methods for estimating wild ungulate abundance and several criteria have to be met, when selecting the most suitable one. The most important criteria that have to be taken into account are studied species, habitat characteristics, size of the studied area, population density and cost efficiency. Besides the faecal pellet group method, which has already been used in Slovenia to estimate the abundance of roe deer and red deer, a suitable method is also the kilometre index. The reliable methods for wild boar are camera traps, drive counts and distance sampling with thermovision and, for chamois, ground counts and aerial counts.","PeriodicalId":7188,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvae et Ligni","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68290977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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