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MASHCA: Monitoring and Hydro Climatological Analysis of the Urban Microclimate of Latacunga 拉塔孔加城市小气候监测与水文气候分析
D. Rivas-Lalaleo, Alex Mauricio Santana Gallo, Cristian Molina, Mónica Huerta, R. Clotet, Andrés Pérez, L. Santana, Fernanda Oñate
The climate change has become one of the most studied problems in recent years. Analyses of climate behavior have traditionally been treated in a macro way, that is, large areas of territory are analyzed. The development of humanity in particular, which has been denoted by the increase in population and therefore the growth of cities, has had an effect on the climate. The change in climatic conditions within cities due to the effects of construction, urban planning, modification of territories, among others, are known as urban micro-climates. These variations require special attention, since these apparently minimal changes can have a great effect on the life of the population. The purpose of this project is to study the historical data on the behavior of the urban climate of Latacunga, through the temporal analysis of the data obtained by the meteorological station of the Universidad de las Fuerzas ESPE, later to develop micro meteorological stations that are installed in various locations of the city, finally the information generated and its corresponding reports will be presented through a web page, thus allowing to have a tool that allows to identify the behavior of the urban microclimate of the city of Latacunga. The results obtained have made it possible to identify the maximum, minimum and most frequent values of temperature, humidity, speed and wind direction. In addition, with the installation of the new stations, the monitoring of variables such as solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, among others, has increased. With the information processed, it will allow the generation of recommendations oriented to risk management, urban planning and citizen security.
气候变化是近年来研究最多的问题之一。传统上,对气候行为的分析是以宏观的方式进行的,即对大面积的领土进行分析。特别是人类的发展,以人口的增加和城市的发展为标志,对气候产生了影响。由于建筑、城市规划、领土变更等因素的影响,城市内气候条件的变化被称为城市微气候。这些变化需要特别注意,因为这些表面上最小的变化可以对人口的生活产生很大的影响。该项目的目的是研究Latacunga城市气候行为的历史数据,通过对西班牙富尔萨斯大学气象站获得的数据进行时间分析,随后开发安装在城市各个位置的微型气象站,最后生成的信息及其相应的报告将通过网页呈现。这样就有了一个工具,可以识别拉塔昆加城市的城市小气候行为。所获得的结果使识别温度、湿度、速度和风向的最大值、最小值和最频繁值成为可能。此外,随着新台站的安装,对诸如太阳辐射、大气压力等变量的监测也增加了。经过处理的信息将有助于提出针对风险管理、城市规划和公民安全的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a Floating Plastic Waste Early Warning System 建立漂浮塑料垃圾预警系统
G. Paller, G. Élö
Plastic waste in living waters is a worldwide problem. One particular variant of this problem is floating plastic waste, e.g. plastic bottles or bags. Rivers often carry large amount of floating plastic waste, due to unauthorized or not properly maintained waste dumps installed in the rivers’ flood plain. It is of utmost importance that environmental protection agencies be aware of such large-scale plastic pollutions so that they can initiate appropriate countermeasures. This paper presents two iterations of an early warning system designed to alert environmental protection agencies of plastic waste pollution. These systems are based on processing camera images but while the first iteration uses motion detection for identifying relevant images, the second iteration adopted a machine learning algorithm deployed in edge computing architecture. Better selectivity of the machine learning-based solution significantly eases the burden on the operators of the early warning system.
生活水域中的塑料垃圾是一个全球性的问题。这个问题的一个特殊变体是漂浮的塑料废物,例如塑料瓶或塑料袋。河流经常携带大量漂浮的塑料垃圾,这是由于未经授权或没有妥善维护的垃圾倾倒在河流的洪泛平原上。环境保护机构意识到如此大规模的塑料污染是至关重要的,这样他们才能采取适当的对策。本文提出了两个迭代的早期预警系统,旨在提醒环境保护机构的塑料废物污染。这些系统基于处理相机图像,但第一次迭代使用运动检测来识别相关图像,第二次迭代采用了部署在边缘计算架构中的机器学习算法。基于机器学习的解决方案具有更好的选择性,大大减轻了预警系统操作员的负担。
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引用次数: 1
Integration of FIWARE and IoT based Named Data Networking (IoT-NDN) FIWARE与基于物联网的命名数据网络(IoT- ndn)集成
M. A. Hail, Ian Pösse, S. Fischer
IoT systems have taken on an essential role in our life. IoT devices are strongly integrated into several sectors such as Smart Healthcare, Smart Cities, Smart Energy, Smart Industry, etc. and deliver important data. Designing, building, and implementing IoT systems are significant challenges because of IoT requirements such as mobility, energy consumption, and limited device memory. To mitigate such challenges, opportunities to test and evaluate IoT systems early in the first development phases are important to reduce cost and effort. Different systems have been proposed to aid such development, aiming at different key challenges. One of these systems is FIWARE, an open source IoT middleware, designed to ease data transportation and big data tasks. It has been established as an ecosystem technology used for optimizing the development of several applications and services in IoT. Key feature is the standardized architecture for gathering context information and managing these contexts in cloud based IoT and big data applications. In this paper, we discuss the integration of FIWARE software and IoT-NDN. IoT-NDN is an IoT system based on the Named Data Networking (NDN) communication paradigm. NDN is a communication protocol developed for the Internet and uses hierarchical names instead of IP addresses to deliver data on the Internet. IoT-NDN is an advanced architecture of NDN, conceding the requirements and limitations of IoT devices. In this paper we present an approach and architecture to integrate FIWARE and IoT-NDN. This integration eases implementation of IoT-NDN in existing applications, since a transparent compatibility between both systems can be achieved.
物联网系统在我们的生活中扮演着至关重要的角色。物联网设备与智能医疗、智能城市、智能能源、智能工业等多个领域紧密集成,并提供重要数据。由于物联网的移动性、能耗和有限的设备内存等要求,设计、构建和实施物联网系统是一项重大挑战。为了缓解这些挑战,在第一个开发阶段早期测试和评估物联网系统的机会对于降低成本和工作量非常重要。针对不同的关键挑战,提出了不同的系统来帮助这种发展。其中一个系统是FIWARE,这是一个开源的物联网中间件,旨在简化数据传输和大数据任务。它已被建立为一种生态系统技术,用于优化物联网中多个应用和服务的开发。关键特性是在基于云的物联网和大数据应用中收集上下文信息和管理这些上下文的标准化架构。本文讨论了FIWARE软件与IoT-NDN的集成。IoT-NDN是一种基于命名数据网络(NDN)通信范式的物联网系统。NDN是为Internet开发的一种通信协议,它使用分层名称代替IP地址在Internet上传输数据。IoT-NDN是一种先进的NDN架构,它承认了物联网设备的要求和限制。在本文中,我们提出了一种集成FIWARE和IoT-NDN的方法和架构。这种集成简化了现有应用中IoT-NDN的实现,因为两个系统之间可以实现透明的兼容性。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis of RPL Objective Functions with Security Perspective 安全视角下RPL目标函数分析
C. Doğan, Selim Yılmaz, Sevil Şen
The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power Lossy Networks (RPL) is one of the standardized routing protocols for lossy networks consisting of resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. RPL allows to use different objective functions based on different routing metrics such as expected transmission count (ETX), hop count, and energy to determine effective routes. In the literature, the performance of two objective functions namely Objective Function Zero (OF0), Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) are evaluated thoroughly, since they are accepted as standard objective functions in RPL. However their performance under attack has not been evaluated comprehensively yet. Although RPL has defined some specifications for its security, it is still vulnerable to insider attacks, which could dramatically affect the network performance. Therefore, this study investigates how the performance of objective functions are affected by RPL specific attacks. Version number, DIS flooding, and worst parent attacks are analyzed by using the following performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, overhead, latency, and power consumption. Moreover, how they are affected by the number of attackers in the network are analyzed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that comprehensively explores RPL objective functions on networks under
低功耗网络IPv6路由协议(RPL)是由资源受限的物联网(IoT)设备组成的有损网络的标准化路由协议之一。RPL允许根据不同的路由指标(如期望传输计数(ETX)、跳数和能量)使用不同的目标函数来确定有效的路由。在文献中,目标函数0 (OF0)和带滞后最小秩目标函数(MRHOF)这两个目标函数的性能得到了全面的评价,因为它们是RPL中公认的标准目标函数。然而,他们在遭受攻击时的表现还没有得到全面的评价。尽管RPL已经为其安全性定义了一些规范,但它仍然容易受到内部攻击,这可能会极大地影响网络性能。因此,本研究探讨了目标函数的性能如何受到RPL特定攻击的影响。版本号、DIS泛洪和最恶劣的父攻击通过使用以下性能指标进行分析:数据包传递率、开销、延迟和功耗。分析了网络中攻击者数量对它们的影响。据作者所知,这是第一个全面探讨RPL目标函数的研究
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引用次数: 8
Infrared Photoelectric Sensor Network Applied to Remote Arthropod Insects' Surveillance 红外光电传感器网络在节肢动物昆虫远程监测中的应用
Federico Gaona, Ever Quiñonez, Adolfo Jara, Ariel Manabe, Norma Silva, M. Monteiro, C. Schaerer, M. C. Vega, A. R. Arias
This work presents a monitoring system trap to detect the presence of arthropod insects in a remote surveillance zone. Detections are made using sensor traps that are installed in twenty houses of an indigenous village of the Paraguayan Chaco in South America, where the insects that transmit Chagas disease are pressing to infest the area. Pheromone baits are used to ensure the attraction of Triatoma infestans. For detecting variations of the light due to insect intrusion, trap entrances have photoelectric infrared sensors. Once the insect is detected, the information is collected and transmitted to an Internet database storage server. More than 750 intrusions were detected during nine months, the highest number of detections occurred when the temperature ranged between 20 °C and 34 °C, relative humidity average less than 30% and the precipitation was less than 1.5 mm. This new result provides evidence of the T. infestans activity at different times of the day and month, and its relationship with certain environmental variables. These findings contribute to reorientate surveillance procedures, validate the monitoring system proposal and give important information on the vector's life activity.
这项工作提出了一个监测系统陷阱,以检测节肢动物昆虫的存在在一个遥远的监视区。利用传感器陷阱进行检测,这些陷阱安装在南美洲巴拉圭查科一个土著村庄的20所房屋中,传播恰加斯病的昆虫正在该地区肆虐。使用费洛蒙诱饵以确保吸引感染三角瘤。为了检测由于昆虫入侵引起的光线变化,陷阱入口装有光电红外传感器。一旦检测到昆虫,信息就会被收集并传输到互联网数据库存储服务器。9个月共检测到入侵750余次,其中温度在20 ~ 34℃,平均相对湿度小于30%,降水量小于1.5 mm时检测到入侵次数最多。这一新结果提供了该菌在一天和一个月的不同时间活动的证据,以及它与某些环境变量的关系。这些发现有助于重新定位监测程序,验证监测系统建议,并提供有关病媒生命活动的重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
On Configuring Directional Transmission for Path Exposure Reliability in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks 能量采集无线传感器网络中路径暴露可靠性的定向传输配置
Abdulsalam Basabaa, E. Elmallah
In this paper, we consider a path exposure problem in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) where nodes are equipped with directional communication devices. Nodes harvest energy from ambient environment (e.g., solar power), and manage fluctuations in their stored energy by adjusting some of their directional transmission parameters. Using a probabilistic graph model we formalize a problem, denoted DirEXPO-RU, that quantifies the ability of a network to detect and report traversal along a given path as probability representing the reliability of the network in performing the path monitoring task. A problem that arises in managing the network resources to maximize this reliability measure is to adjust the transmission beam width of each node, given that nodes beam centers are given as input. We develop a heuristic algorithm to deal with the problem, and use the algorithm in a framework for computing lower bounds on the reliability of the overall network. The obtained numerical results show improvement in the achieved network reliability.
在本文中,我们考虑了能量收集无线传感器网络(EH-WSNs)中节点配备定向通信设备的路径暴露问题。节点从周围环境中获取能量(例如太阳能),并通过调整一些定向传输参数来管理其存储能量的波动。使用概率图模型,我们形式化了一个问题,称为DirEXPO-RU,该问题量化了网络检测和报告沿给定路径遍历的能力,作为表示网络执行路径监控任务的可靠性的概率。在给定节点波束中心作为输入的情况下,如何调整每个节点的传输波束宽度,是管理网络资源以使该可靠性度量最大化的一个问题。我们开发了一种启发式算法来处理这个问题,并在一个框架中使用该算法来计算整个网络的可靠性下界。数值结果表明,实现的网络可靠性得到了提高。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Light Barriers 表面光屏障
Theo Gabloffsky, B. Kruse, R. Salomon
It should be known to almost all readers that light barriers are commonly used for measuring the speed of various objects. These devices are easy to use, quite robust, and of low cost. Despite their advantages, light barriers exhibit certain limitations that occur when the objects of interest move in more than one spatial dimension. This paper discusses a physical setup in which light barriers can also be used in case of two-dimensional trajectories. However, this setup requires rather complicated calculations. Therefore, this paper performs these calculations by means of different neural network models. The results show that backpropagation networks as well as radial basis functions are able to achieve a residual error less than 0.21 %, which is more than sufficient for most sports and everyday applications.
几乎所有读者都应该知道,光屏障通常用于测量各种物体的速度。这些装置使用方便,坚固耐用,成本低。尽管具有优势,但当感兴趣的物体在多个空间维度上移动时,光屏障表现出一定的局限性。本文讨论了一种物理设置,其中光屏障也可以用于二维轨迹的情况下。然而,这种设置需要相当复杂的计算。因此,本文通过不同的神经网络模型来进行这些计算。结果表明,反向传播网络和径向基函数能够实现小于0.21%的残差,这对于大多数运动和日常应用来说已经足够了。
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引用次数: 0
Appropriate Integration of Wake-up Receivers in Simulations Tools based on Real Experiments 基于真实实验的唤醒接收机在仿真工具中的适当集成
Amina Whichi, R. Fromm, A. Fakhfakh, F. Derbel
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging and promising approach to Internet of Things (IoT). However, energy consumption is regarded as one of the most critical problems in WSNs due to the devices’ limits.To address this problem, an ultra-low-power radio receiver known as a wake-up receiver (WuRx) is used to handle idle listening while the main radio is turned off. Since simulators for performance prediction have become almost indispensable in the design and management of new hardware equipment and components, we will present in this paper the design of a wake-up receiver module, that could be a solution to the energy consumption’s challenge, in OMNeT++ and compare it to experimental results, focusing on energy performance and reliability factors.
无线传感器网络(wsn)是一种新兴的、有前途的物联网(IoT)方法。然而,由于设备的限制,能量消耗被认为是无线传感器网络中最关键的问题之一。为了解决这个问题,一个超低功耗的无线电接收器被称为唤醒接收器(WuRx),用于在主无线电关闭时处理空闲收听。由于用于性能预测的模拟器在新硬件设备和组件的设计和管理中几乎不可或缺,我们将在本文中提出一个唤醒接收器模块的设计,这可能是解决能耗挑战的一个方案,在omnet++中,并将其与实验结果进行比较,重点关注能源性能和可靠性因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Distributed Intelligent Intrusion Detection System based on Parallel Machine Learning and Big Data Analysis 基于并行机器学习和大数据分析的分布式智能入侵检测系统
Faten Louati, F. Ktata, Ikram Amous
Networking security continue to be a serious challenge for all domains because of the increasing number of attacks launched every day due to the advent of connected devices and the emergence of the Internet. Hence, Intrusion detection system comes into focus, especially with the inception of big data challenges. In this paper, we propose a distributed and parallel intrusion detection system suitable for big data environments using machine learning-based multi agent system and big data analysis.
由于连接设备的出现和互联网的出现,每天发起的攻击数量不断增加,网络安全仍然是所有领域面临的严峻挑战。因此,随着大数据挑战的开始,入侵检测系统成为人们关注的焦点。本文利用基于机器学习的多智能体系统和大数据分析,提出了一种适合大数据环境的分布式并行入侵检测系统。
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引用次数: 1
A New Architecture Proposal of Half-wave Precision Rectifier using a Single VCII 一种单VCII半波精密整流器的新结构方案
L. Safari, G. Barile, Mattia Ragnoli, G. Ferri, V. Stornelli
In this paper a new second generation voltage conveyor (VCII) based half wave rectifier circuit architecture proposal is presented. Both inverting and non-inverting outputs in the form of voltage signal are produced. The proposed circuit is the first half wave rectifier architecture using VCIIs introduced in the literature. It consists of one VCII, two diodes and a single grounded resistor. The input signal is in current form and the rectified output voltage signal is provided at the low impedance Z port of the same VCII. Therefore, the produced output signal can be directly used with no need to add extra voltage buffers. In addition, the circuit gain is set by the grounded resistor value and can be tuned. The proposed circuit enjoys a simple transistorlevel structure employing only 21 transistors. In this paper, the architecture of the rectifier is presented and explained, as well as a possible VCII topology. Preliminary simulation results are also given highlighting its capabilities. Its simplicity and versatility make it suitable for sensor interfaces and processing circuits for sensor networks where a low power consumption for the analog processing section is of the utmost
本文提出了一种新的基于第二代电压输送机(VCII)的半波整流电路结构方案。产生电压信号形式的反相输出和非反相输出。所提出的电路是采用文献中介绍的vcii的前半波整流器结构。它由一个VCII,两个二极管和一个接地电阻组成。输入信号为电流形式,整流输出电压信号在同一VCII的低阻抗Z端口提供。因此,产生的输出信号可以直接使用,而无需添加额外的电压缓冲器。此外,电路增益由接地电阻值设定,并可调谐。所提出的电路具有简单的晶体管级结构,仅使用21个晶体管。本文介绍并解释了整流器的结构,以及一种可能的VCII拓扑结构。最后给出了初步的仿真结果。它的简单性和多功能性使其适用于传感器网络的传感器接口和处理电路,其中模拟处理部分的低功耗是最大的
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引用次数: 5
期刊
... International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks. International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
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