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Practical Precision Agriculture with LoRa based Wireless Sensor Networks 基于LoRa无线传感器网络的实用精准农业
J. Gresl, Scott Fazackerley, R. Lawrence
Precision agriculture is enabled by using real-time data to manage environmental variations, measure performance to improve upon previous seasons, and perform predictive analysis to make better growing decisions, resulting in higher production yields with lower production costs. Although beneficial, collecting and analyzing the environmental data is an expensive and complicated endeavor. Numerous existing wireless sensor network (WSN) solutions rely on protocols such as 802.15.4 b (LR-WPANs) and 802.11x (WLAN) but provide limited transmission range, complex communication stacks and data management, and high power consumption. Additionally, many existing services introduce challenges with data ownership and residency. These factors present a high barrier to entry for growers. The resources required to implement and maintain sensor networks are too high to justify the investment. This work presents an approach that uses inexpensive and effective hardware that is easily setup and maintained. Costs to implement the network are reduced through the use of open-source hardware. Transmission ranges and power consumption are improved by using long range (LoRa) radio transceivers. By addressing these limitations, growers will be better enabled to adopt new technologies, ultimately improving sustainability, viability, quality and profit margins in agriculture.
精准农业通过使用实时数据来管理环境变化,衡量绩效以改进前一季,并执行预测分析以做出更好的种植决策,从而以更低的生产成本实现更高的产量。虽然有益,但收集和分析环境数据是一项昂贵而复杂的工作。许多现有的无线传感器网络(WSN)解决方案依赖于802.15.4 b (lr - wpan)和802.11x (WLAN)等协议,但传输范围有限,通信堆栈和数据管理复杂,功耗高。此外,许多现有的服务引入了数据所有权和驻留方面的挑战。这些因素对种植者构成了很高的进入门槛。实施和维护传感器网络所需的资源太高,无法证明投资是合理的。这项工作提出了一种方法,使用廉价和有效的硬件,易于设置和维护。通过使用开源硬件,降低了实现网络的成本。通过使用远程(LoRa)无线电收发器,提高了传输距离和功耗。通过解决这些限制,种植者将能够更好地采用新技术,最终提高农业的可持续性、生存能力、质量和利润率。
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引用次数: 7
On-site Sensor Noise Evaluation and Detectability in Low Cost Accelerometers 低成本加速度计现场传感器噪声评估与可探测性
M. Manso, M. Bezzeghoud
Seismic networks help understanding the phenomena related with seismic events. These networks are employing low-cost accelerometers in order to achieve high-density deployments enabling accurate characterisation (high resolution) of strong earthquake motion and early warning capabilities. In order to assess the applicability of low-cost accelerometers in seismology, it is essential to evaluate their noise characteristics and identify their detectability thresholds. In this paper, a method is proposed that provides an indication of sensor noise, being demonstrated on different sensors. The method is designed to adapt to a sensor’s characteristics while on-site and in-operation, thus removing potentially related logistical and maintenance bottlenecks.
地震台网有助于理解与地震事件有关的现象。这些网络正在采用低成本的加速度计,以便实现高密度部署,从而能够准确表征(高分辨率)强地震运动和早期预警能力。为了评估低成本加速度计在地震学中的适用性,有必要评估其噪声特性并确定其可探测阈值。在本文中,提出了一种提供传感器噪声指示的方法,并在不同的传感器上进行了演示。该方法旨在适应传感器在现场和运行中的特性,从而消除潜在的相关后勤和维护瓶颈。
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引用次数: 2
Genetic Programming based Iterative Improvement Algorithm for HW/SW Cosynthesis of Distributted Embedded Systems 基于遗传规划的分布式嵌入式系统软硬件协同迭代改进算法
Adam Górski, M. Ogorzałek
In this work we present a novel genetic programming based iterative improvement approach for hardware/software cosynthesis of distributed embedded systems. The approach starts from a ready solution which is an embryo of a genotype. Other nodes in the genotypes are chromosomes. The chromosomes contain system refinement options. The final solution is obtained after evolution process and mapping genotype to phenotype. Unlike existing genetic programming iterative improvement methodologies our algorithm starts from randomly generated system. Therefore the search space is not constrained by any initial condition. It is also easier for the algorithm to escape local minima of optimizing parameters.
在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的基于遗传规划的迭代改进方法,用于分布式嵌入式系统的硬件/软件协同合成。该方法从一个现成的解决方案开始,即一个基因型的胚胎。基因型中的其他节点是染色体。染色体包含系统改进选项。经过进化过程并将基因型定位到表型后得到最终的解决方案。与现有的遗传规划迭代改进方法不同,我们的算法从随机生成的系统开始。因此,搜索空间不受任何初始条件的约束。该算法也更容易避免优化参数的局部极小值。
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引用次数: 2
Real-Time Range Query Approximation by Means of Adaptive Quad Streaming 基于自适应四元流的实时距离查询逼近
Simon Keller, Rainer Mueller
Continuous range queries are a common means to handle mobile clients in high-density areas. Most existing approaches focus on settings in which the range queries for location-based services are mostly static whereas the mobile clients in the ranges move. We focus on a category called Dynamic Real-Time Range Queries (DRRQ) assuming that both, clients requested by the query and the inquirers, are mobile. In consequence, the query parameters results continuously change. This leads to two requirements: the ability to deal with an arbitrary high number of mobile nodes (scalability) and the real-time delivery of range query results. In this paper we present the highly decentralized solution Adaptive Quad Streaming (AQS) for the requirements of DRRQs. AQS approximates the query results in favor of a controlled real-time delivery and guaranteed scalability. While prior works commonly optimizes data structures on servers, we use AQS to focus on a highly distributed cell structure without data structures automatically adapting to changing client distributions. Instead of the commonly used request-response approach, we apply a lightweight streaming method in which no bidirectional communication and no storage or maintenance of queries are required at all.
连续范围查询是处理高密度区域的移动客户端的常用方法。大多数现有方法都关注于基于位置的服务的范围查询大多是静态的,而范围内的移动客户端是移动的。我们将重点放在一个称为动态实时范围查询(DRRQ)的类别上,假设查询请求的客户端和查询器都是移动的。因此,查询参数的结果会不断变化。这就产生了两个需求:处理任意数量的移动节点的能力(可伸缩性)和实时交付范围查询结果的能力。针对drrq的要求,本文提出了一种高度分散的自适应四元流(AQS)解决方案。AQS近似查询结果,支持受控的实时交付和有保证的可伸缩性。虽然以前的工作通常是优化服务器上的数据结构,但我们使用AQS专注于高度分布式的单元结构,而数据结构不会自动适应不断变化的客户端分布。与常用的请求-响应方法不同,我们采用轻量级流方法,其中不需要双向通信,也不需要存储或维护查询。
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引用次数: 1
A Modified MPRR Protocol for WSN in Agricultural Scenario 农业场景下WSN的改进MPRR协议
M. Cagnetti, M. Leccisi, F. Leccese
This paper analyses the use of a WSN for agricultural scenario, referencing to the modality of communication between the network nodes, and proposes a modified version of Multipath Ring Routing (MPRR) to improve performances and robustness of the network on the long period. Through simulations with Castalia, some limits of the standard MPRR have been highlighted, and through the possibility to modify the algorithm itself, improvements have been made that make the modified MPRR suitable for our scenario.
本文分析了农业场景下WSN的应用,参考了网络节点间的通信方式,提出了一种改进版本的多径环路由(MPRR),以提高网络的长周期性能和鲁棒性。通过与Castalia的模拟,标准MPRR的一些限制已经被突出,并且通过修改算法本身的可能性,已经进行了改进,使修改后的MPRR适合我们的场景。
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引用次数: 0
An Efficient Low-power Wake-up Receiver Architecture for Power Saving for Transmitter and Receiver Communications 一种有效的低功耗唤醒接收器架构,用于发送和接收通信的节能
R. Fromm, L. Schott, F. Derbel
For power-limited wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency is a critical concern. Receiving packages is proven to be one of the most power-consuming tasks in a WSN. To address this problem the asynchronous communication is based on wake-up receivers. The proposed receiver circuit can detect carrier signals inside the 868 MHz band. Reliable signal detection at 10 m was achieved with a total power consumption of 4.2 μW. Two use cases of this low-power receiver were introduced. First the wake-up receiver and second as a collision avoidance circuit. Because of its low power consumption savings of factor 7000 can be estimated compared to integrated solutions of commercially available radio transceivers.
对于功率有限的无线传感器网络,能源效率是一个关键问题。事实证明,接收数据包是WSN中最耗电的任务之一。为了解决这个问题,异步通信是基于唤醒接收器的。所提出的接收电路可以检测868mhz频段内的载波信号。在10 m处实现了可靠的信号检测,总功耗为4.2 μW。介绍了这种低功耗接收机的两个用例。首先是唤醒接收器,其次是防撞电路。由于其低功耗,与商用无线电收发器的集成解决方案相比,可节省7000倍。
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引用次数: 7
System based Code Evaluation Criteria for CDM Applications in Sensor and Data Transmission Systems CDM在传感器和数据传输系统中应用的基于系统的代码评价标准
P. Stapf, M. Götten, A. Ahrens, S. Lochmann
To increase the multiplexing capability of code-division m ultiplexing (CDM) applied in optical sensor networks, a system based code evaluation is required. This cont ribution analyses evaluation criteria for sequences applied in CDM systems. A comparison of an optical sensor app lication and a single user data transmission system is presented. While a detection signal-to-noise rat io and the bit error rate are used to evaluate data transmission systems, the proposed optical sensor applica tion uses a modified signal-to-multiuser-interference ratio (mSMUI). The main difference exists in the handling of interference. In contrary to data transmission, the mSMUI requires a separation of positive and negative int erferences. Both applications are simulated for different binary sequences. While the Legendre sequence wi th a length of 503 chips achieves the over all best results for the optical sensor application, the single user data transmission simulation shows no significant sequence influence.
为了提高码分复用(CDM)技术在光传感器网络中的复用能力,需要一种基于系统的码评估方法。本文分析了CDM系统中应用序列的评价标准。介绍了一种光学传感器应用和单用户数据传输系统的比较。虽然检测信噪比和误码率用于评估数据传输系统,但所提出的光学传感器应用使用改进的信号对多用户干扰比(mSMUI)。主要区别在于对干扰的处理。与数据传输相反,mSMUI需要分离正干扰和负干扰。这两种应用程序对不同的二进制序列进行了模拟。而长度为503个芯片的Legendre序列在光学传感器应用中获得了最好的结果,单用户数据传输仿真显示没有明显的序列影响。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Sensor Placement for Human Activity Recognition with a Minimal Smartphone-IMU Setup 用最小的智能手机- imu设置进行人类活动识别的最佳传感器放置
Vincent Xeno Rahn, Lin Zhou, Eric Klieme, B. Arnrich
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) of everyday activities using smartphones has been intensively researched over the past years. Despite the high detection performance, smartphones can not continuously provide reliable information about the currently conducted activity as their placement at the subject’s body is uncertain. In this study, a system is developed that enables real-time collection of data from various Bluetooth inertial measurement units (IMUs) in addition to the smartphone. The contribution of this work is an extensive overview of related work in this field and the identification of unobtrusive, minimal combinations of IMUs with the smartphone that achieve high recognition performance. Eighteen young subjects with unrestricted mobility were recorded conducting seven daily-life activities with a smartphone in the pocket and five IMUs at different body positions. With a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for activity recognition, activity classification accuracy increased by up to 23% with one IMU additional to the smartphone. An overall prediction rate of 97% was reached with a smartphone in the pocket and an IMU at the ankle. This study demonstrated the potential that an additional IMU can improve the accuracy of smartphone-based HAR on daily-life activities.
过去几年,人们对智能手机日常活动的人类活动识别(HAR)进行了深入研究。尽管智能手机具有很高的检测性能,但由于它们在受试者身体上的位置是不确定的,因此无法持续提供有关当前进行的活动的可靠信息。在本研究中,开发了一个系统,可以实时收集来自各种蓝牙惯性测量单元(imu)和智能手机的数据。这项工作的贡献是对该领域相关工作的广泛概述,以及识别不显眼的imu与智能手机的最小组合,以实现高识别性能。18名活动能力不受限制的年轻受试者在口袋里装着智能手机,在不同的身体姿势下使用5个imu进行7项日常生活活动。使用卷积神经网络(CNN)进行活动识别,在智能手机上增加一个IMU,活动分类准确率提高了23%。在口袋里放一个智能手机,脚踝上放一个IMU时,总体预测率达到了97%。这项研究表明,额外的IMU可以提高基于智能手机的HAR对日常生活活动的准确性。
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引用次数: 3
Advances in Sensing Technologies for Smart Monitoring in Precise Agriculture 面向精准农业智能监测的传感技术研究进展
L. Maiolo, D. Polese
The demand for a continuous increment of crop production reducing at the same time the impact on the used resources is a challenge that can be solved only exploiting the full potential of sensors technology applied in precise agriculture. In this review, we present the most recent advances in remote sensing technologies to be deployed in field and in greenhouses to monitor multiple key parameters such as air temperature, solar radiation, vegetative index, plant microclimate, soil feature, etc.
对作物产量持续增长的需求,同时减少对已使用资源的影响,这是一个挑战,只有充分利用应用于精准农业的传感器技术的潜力,才能解决这个问题。本文综述了应用于田间和温室的遥感技术的最新进展,以监测空气温度、太阳辐射、植被指数、植物小气候、土壤特征等多个关键参数。
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引用次数: 5
System for Supporting Implementation and Monitoring of Smart Campus Applications based on IoT Protocols 基于物联网协议的智慧校园应用支持实施与监控系统
Franklin A. M. Venceslau, R. Gomes, I. Fonseca
This paper descbribes a system for monitoring Smart Campus applications based on IoT protocols. The system have as main goals to support the deployment of new sensors, actuators, and gateways in the campus, based on a pre-deployed network infrasctructure, and to monitor the performance of applications along the time. The network architecture considered in this paper provides reliability through the use of diversity techniques at physical and data link layers, based on the IEEE 802.15.4g SUN standard, and it performs the persistence of information based on time series database. In order to support the network infrastructure evolution and the incorporation of new devices and applications, information about the currently running applications and about the quality of the data links and the wireless network’s overload level can be collected by the proposed system. In this position paper, the architecture of the system is described in details, and initial results are discussed.
介绍了一种基于物联网协议的智能校园应用监控系统。该系统的主要目标是支持基于预部署的网络基础设施在校园中部署新的传感器、执行器和网关,并随时监控应用程序的性能。本文所考虑的网络架构基于IEEE 802.15.4g SUN标准,通过在物理层和数据链路层使用分集技术来提供可靠性,并基于时间序列数据库实现信息的持久化。为了支持网络基础设施的发展和新设备和应用程序的合并,有关当前运行的应用程序、数据链路的质量和无线网络的过载水平的信息可以被提议的系统收集。在本文中,详细描述了该系统的体系结构,并讨论了初步结果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
... International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks. International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
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