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Smart Farming in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities 撒哈拉以南非洲的智慧农业:挑战与机遇
P. Abbott, Alessandro Checco, D. Polese
Smallholder farmers provide the majority of food production in sub-Saharan Africa. They will be severely impacted by climate change, especially because they are dependent on rain-fed irrigation. We provide a summary of challenges and opportunities in designing smart farming infrastructure in this context. We observe that innovation in technology and knowledge production is necessary to increase the efficacy of water usage and land management. Such solutions must take into account the technological constraints and their regional variability to be able to provide sustainable and scalable solutions. Such solutions also need to embrace the notion of openness, encouraging collaborative endeavour and avoiding proprietary
在撒哈拉以南非洲,小农提供了大部分粮食生产。它们将受到气候变化的严重影响,特别是因为它们依赖雨水灌溉。我们总结了在这种背景下设计智能农业基础设施的挑战和机遇。我们注意到,技术创新和知识生产是提高水资源利用和土地管理效率的必要条件。此类解决方案必须考虑到技术限制及其区域差异,以便能够提供可持续和可扩展的解决方案。这样的解决方案还需要包含开放的概念,鼓励合作努力,避免专有
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引用次数: 3
Linoc: A Prototyping Platform for Capacitive and Passive Electrical Field Sensing Linoc:电容和无源电场传感的原型平台
Julian von Wilmsdorff, Malte Lenhart, Florian Kirchbuchner, Arjan Kuijper
In this paper the Linoc prototyping toolkit is presented. It is a sensor toolkit that focuses on fast prototyping of sensor systems, especially on capacitive ones. The toolkit is built around two capacitive and two Electric Potential Sensing (EPS) groups providing unobtrusive proximity detection in the field of Human Computer Interface (HCI). The toolkits focus lies on its usability and connectivity in order to be adapted in future research and novel use cases. A common obstacle in the beginning of a project is the time required to familiarize with present tools and systems, before the actual project can be attended to. Another obstacle while tackling new tasks is the actual physical connection of sensors to the processing unit. This situation can be even worse due to dependencies on previous work, most of the times not fully documented and missing knowledge even if the the original designer is involved. Good toolkits can help to overcome this problem by providing a layer of abstraction and allowing to work on a higher level. If the toolkit however requires too much time to familiarize or behaves too restrictive, its goal has been missed and no benefits are generated. To assess the quality of the Linoc prototyping toolkit, it was evaluated in terms of three different aspects: demonstration, usage and technical performance. The usage study found good reception, a fast learning curve and an interest to use the toolkit in the future. Technical benchmarks for the capacitive sensors show a detectable range equal to its predecessors and several operational prototypes prove that the toolkit can actually be used in projects.
本文介绍了Linoc原型工具包。它是一个传感器工具包,专注于传感器系统的快速原型,特别是在电容式的。该工具包围绕两个电容和两个电位传感(EPS)组构建,在人机界面(HCI)领域提供不显眼的接近检测。该工具包的重点在于其可用性和连接性,以便适应未来的研究和新的用例。在项目开始时,一个常见的障碍是在实际的项目开始之前,熟悉现有的工具和系统所需要的时间。处理新任务时的另一个障碍是传感器与处理单元的实际物理连接。由于依赖于之前的工作,这种情况可能会变得更糟,即使原始设计师参与其中,大多数情况下也没有完整的文档记录和知识缺失。好的工具包可以通过提供一个抽象层并允许在更高的层次上工作来帮助克服这个问题。但是,如果工具包需要太多的时间来熟悉,或者行为过于严格,那么它的目标就没有实现,也不会产生任何好处。为了评估Linoc原型工具包的质量,它从三个不同的方面进行了评估:演示、使用和技术性能。使用研究发现了良好的接收,快速的学习曲线和在未来使用该工具包的兴趣。电容式传感器的技术基准显示,其可探测范围与前代产品相当,几个可操作的原型证明,该工具包实际上可以在项目中使用。
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引用次数: 1
Efficient Flash Indexing for Time Series Data on Memory-constrained Embedded Sensor Devices 内存受限嵌入式传感器设备上时间序列数据的高效Flash索引
Scott Fazackerley, Nadir Ould-Khessal, R. Lawrence
Embedded sensor devices with limited hardware resources must efficiently collect environmental and industrial time series data for analysis. Performing data analysis on the device requires data storage and indexing that minimizes memory, I/O, and energy usage. This paper presents an index structure that is optimized for the constrained use cases associated with sensor time series collection and analysis. By supporting only planned queries and analysis patterns, the storage and indexing implementation is simplified, and outperforms general techniques based on hashing and trees. The indexing technique is analyzed and compared with other indexing approaches and is adapted to all flash memory types including memory that supports overwriting.
硬件资源有限的嵌入式传感器设备必须有效地收集环境和工业时间序列数据进行分析。在设备上执行数据分析需要数据存储和索引,从而最大限度地减少内存,I/O和能源消耗。本文提出了一种索引结构,该结构针对与传感器时间序列收集和分析相关的受限用例进行了优化。通过只支持计划好的查询和分析模式,简化了存储和索引实现,并且优于基于散列和树的一般技术。该索引技术与其他索引方法进行了分析和比较,适用于所有闪存类型,包括支持覆盖的存储器。
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引用次数: 3
Digital Villages: A Data-Driven Approach to Precision Agriculture in Small Farms 数字村庄:小农场精准农业的数据驱动方法
R. Fishman, M. Ghosh, Amit Mishra, Shmuel Shomrat, Meshi Laks, Roy Mayer, Aakash Jog, E. Ben-Dor, Y. Shacham-Diamand
An approach for system monitoring of smallholder farms. The system will be based on low-cost mobile units (i.e. IoTs, phones) collecting and transmitting data directly from the farms. The IoT information will be merged with available and free access satellite data to form near real-time thematic images to the end-users. It will serve people with low technical literacy who are working with smallholders in developing countries. The novelty of using an integrated interdisciplinary behavioral-technological approach that builds on our respective disciplinary expertise, and the ability to pilot and implement at scale through partnerships, on the ground, allowing gaining new insights into smallholder cultivation and revolutionizing agricultural extension in the developing world. To achieve that goal of Holistic Integrated Precision Agriculture Network (HIPAN) three networks have been established in experimental farms in India: wireless network for “on-the-ground” sensing, virtual network with satellite multispectral imaging-based data and social network collecting the farmers’ inputs. The three networks are fused together and the data is processed using a cloud supported data analysis; the results are visually transferred to the farmers as well as to organizations and companies for their
一种对小农农场进行系统监测的方法。该系统将基于低成本的移动设备(即物联网,电话)直接从农场收集和传输数据。物联网信息将与可用和免费获取的卫星数据合并,形成接近实时的主题图像,提供给最终用户。它将为发展中国家与小农一起工作的低技术素养的人提供服务。利用基于我们各自学科专长的综合跨学科行为技术方法的新颖性,以及通过合作伙伴关系在实地进行大规模试点和实施的能力,使我们能够对发展中国家的小农种植和革命性的农业推广获得新的见解。为了实现整体综合精准农业网络(HIPAN)的目标,印度的实验农场已经建立了三个网络:用于“地面”传感的无线网络、基于卫星多光谱成像数据的虚拟网络和收集农民投入的社交网络。三个网络融合在一起,使用云支持的数据分析处理数据;结果直观地传递给农民以及组织和公司,以供他们使用
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引用次数: 3
Anomaly Detection in Beehives using Deep Recurrent Autoencoders 基于深度循环自编码器的蜂箱异常检测
Padraig Davidson, M. Steininger, Florian Lautenschlager, Konstantin Kobs, Anna Krause, A. Hotho
Precision beekeeping allows to monitor bees' living conditions by equipping beehives with sensors. The data recorded by these hives can be analyzed by machine learning models to learn behavioral patterns of or search for unusual events in bee colonies. One typical target is the early detection of bee swarming as apiarists want to avoid this due to economical reasons. Advanced methods should be able to detect any other unusual or abnormal behavior arising from illness of bees or from technical reasons, e.g. sensor failure. In this position paper we present an autoencoder, a deep learning model, which detects any type of anomaly in data independent of its origin. Our model is able to reveal the same swarms as a simple rule-based swarm detection algorithm but is also triggered by any other anomaly. We evaluated our model on real world data sets that were collected on different hives and with different sensor setups.
通过在蜂箱上安装传感器,精确养蜂可以监测蜜蜂的生活状况。这些蜂箱记录的数据可以通过机器学习模型进行分析,以学习蜂群的行为模式或搜索蜂群中的异常事件。一个典型的目标是早期发现蜂群,因为养蜂人由于经济原因想要避免这种情况。先进的方法应该能够检测到由蜜蜂疾病或技术原因(如传感器故障)引起的任何其他异常或异常行为。在这篇论文中,我们提出了一种自动编码器,一种深度学习模型,可以检测数据中独立于其来源的任何类型的异常。我们的模型能够像简单的基于规则的群体检测算法一样揭示相同的群体,但也可以由任何其他异常触发。我们在真实世界的数据集上评估了我们的模型,这些数据集是在不同的蜂巢和不同的传感器设置上收集的。
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引用次数: 15
papagenoX: Generation of Electronics and Logic for Embedded Systems from Application Software 从应用软件到嵌入式系统的电子和逻辑的生成
Tobias Scheipel, M. Baunach
Embedded systems development usually starts with hardware engineering based on specific requirements of the systems. These requirements are mainly derived from the needs of the not yet developed software to be executed on the system. This process is predictive and many iterations are thus needed, as new requirements often arise during the software development period. In the future, the market will demand more and more sophisticated embedded systems with a much reduced time to market. It will thus be inevitable that system prototypes and series products will need to be created as fast as possible. To enable this, we propose a top-down approach termed papagenoX, dealing with the question of “How to generate all layers X of the embedded systems stack including hardware and reconfigurable logic units from application software?”. The present work is a work in progress and deals with the definition of the research questions and several ideas and concepts of how to fundamentally solve them. Hence, it aims at introducing ideas to create a generator for embedded systems electronics, reconfigurable logic and software.
嵌入式系统开发通常从基于系统特定需求的硬件工程开始。这些需求主要来源于尚未开发的软件在系统上执行的需求。这个过程是可预测的,因此需要多次迭代,因为在软件开发期间经常出现新的需求。在未来,市场将需要越来越复杂的嵌入式系统,而上市时间将大大缩短。因此,系统原型和系列产品将不可避免地需要尽快创建。为了实现这一点,我们提出了一种自上而下的方法,称为papagenoX,处理“如何从应用软件生成嵌入式系统堆栈的所有层X,包括硬件和可重构逻辑单元?”的问题。目前的工作是一项正在进行的工作,涉及研究问题的定义以及如何从根本上解决这些问题的几个想法和概念。因此,它旨在介绍为嵌入式系统电子,可重构逻辑和软件创建生成器的想法。
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引用次数: 0
A Sensor Network for Existing Residential Buildings Indoor Environment Quality and Energy Consumption Assessment and Monitoring: Lessons Learnt from a Field Experiment 基于传感器网络的既有住宅室内环境质量与能耗评价与监测:基于现场试验的经验
Mathieu Bourdeau, David Werner, P. Basset, E. Nefzaoui
Enhancing residential buildings energy efficiency has become a critical goal to take up current challenges of human comfort, urbanization growth and the consequent energy consumption increase. In a context of integrated smart infrastructures, sensor networks offer a relevant solution to support building energy consumption monitoring, operation and prediction. The amount of accessible data with such networks also opens new prospects to better consider key parameters such as human behaviour and to lead to more efficient energy retrofit of existing buildings. However, sensor networks planning and implementation in general, and in existing buildings in particular, is a particularly complex task facing many challenges and affecting the performances of such a promising solution. In the present paper, we report on a field experiment of a sensor network deployment involving more than 250 sensors in three collective residential buildings in Paris region for the evaluation of a deep energy retrofit. More specifically, we describe the whole process of the sensor network design and roll-out and highlight the main critical aspects in such complex process. We also provide a feedback after several months of the sensor network operation and preliminary analysis of collected data. Reported results path the way for an efficient and optimized design and deployment of sensor networks for energy and indoor environment quality monitoring in existing buildings.
提高住宅建筑的能源效率已成为应对当前人类舒适、城市化发展和随之而来的能源消耗增加的挑战的关键目标。在集成智能基础设施的背景下,传感器网络为支持建筑能耗监测、运行和预测提供了相关的解决方案。这种网络的可访问数据量也为更好地考虑人类行为等关键参数以及对现有建筑进行更有效的能源改造开辟了新的前景。然而,一般来说,传感器网络的规划和实施,特别是在现有建筑中,是一项特别复杂的任务,面临着许多挑战,并影响着这种有前途的解决方案的性能。在本文中,我们报告了在巴黎地区的三个集体住宅建筑中部署250多个传感器的传感器网络的现场实验,以评估深度能源改造。更具体地说,我们描述了传感器网络设计和推出的整个过程,并强调了这一复杂过程中的主要关键方面。我们还在几个月的传感器网络运行和收集数据的初步分析后提供反馈。报告的结果为现有建筑中用于能源和室内环境质量监测的传感器网络的有效和优化设计和部署指明了道路。
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引用次数: 4
Smart Communities: From Sensors to Internet of Things and to a Marketplace of Services 智能社区:从传感器到物联网再到服务市场
S. Olariu
: Our paper was inspired by the recent Society 5.0 initiative of the Japanese Government that seeks to create a sustainable human-centric society by putting to work recent advances in technology: sensor networks, edge computing, IoT ecosystems, AI, Big Data, robotics, to name just a few. The main contribution of this work is a vision of how these technological advances can contribute, directly or indirectly, to making Society 5.0 reality. For this purpose we build on a recently-proposed concept of Marketplace of Services that, in our view, will turn out to be one of the cornerstones of Society 5.0. Instead of referring to Society 5.0 directly, throughout the paper we shall define a generic Smart Community that implements a subset of the goals of Society 5.0. We show how digital technology in conjunction with the Marketplace of services can contribute to enabling and promoting sustainable Smart Communities. Very much like Society 5.0, our Smart Community can provide a large number of diverse and evolving human-centric services offered as utilities and sold on a metered basis. The services offered by the Smart Community can be synthesized, using the latest technology (e.g. 3D printing, robotics, Big Data analytics, AI, etc.), from a hierarchy of raw resources or other services. The residents of the Smart Community can purchase as much or as little of these services as they find suitable to their needs and are billed according to a pay-as-you-go business model.
我们的论文受到了日本政府最近的社会5.0计划的启发,该计划旨在通过运用最新的技术进步来创建一个可持续的以人为中心的社会:传感器网络、边缘计算、物联网生态系统、人工智能、大数据、机器人等等。这项工作的主要贡献是对这些技术进步如何直接或间接地为实现社会5.0做出贡献的愿景。为此,我们以最近提出的服务市场概念为基础,在我们看来,它将成为社会5.0的基石之一。在本文中,我们将定义一个实现Society 5.0目标子集的通用智能社区,而不是直接引用Society 5.0。我们展示了数字技术如何与服务市场相结合,有助于实现和促进可持续的智能社区。与社会5.0非常相似,我们的智能社区可以提供大量多样且不断发展的以人为中心的服务,作为公用事业提供,并以计量为基础进行销售。智慧社区提供的服务可以利用最新技术(如3D打印、机器人、大数据分析、人工智能等),从原始资源或其他服务的层次结构中进行综合。智能社区的居民可以根据自己的需要购买尽可能多或尽可能少的这些服务,并根据现收现付的商业模式收费。
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引用次数: 3
Application of Virtual Travel for Alzheimer's Disease 虚拟旅行在阿尔茨海默病中的应用
H. Abdessalem, A. Byrns, M. Cuesta, V. Manera, P. Robert, M. Bruneau, S. Belleville, C. Frasson
Negative emotions such as anxiety, frustration, or apathy can have an impact on the brain capability in terms of memory and cognitive functions. This is particularly visible in Alzheimer’s disease where the participants can have a deterioration of their brain connections which are often the cause of the disorders detected in Alzheimer's participants. It seems important to reduce these symptoms to allow better access to memory and cognitive abilities. Immersion in Virtual Reality is a means of providing the participant with a sense of presence in an environment that isolates them from external factors that can induce negative emotions. The virtual travel is a method that can mobilize the attention of the subject and revive their interest and curiosity. We present here, an experiment in which a participant is immersed in a virtual train using a virtual headset and EEG device to measure the brain signals. To measure the impact of this train on the memory and cognitive functions, some cognitive tasks have been included before and after the travel. Experiments have been done on participants with mild cognitive disorder. Preliminary results show an increase of memory functions and in certain cases of cognitive functions, while negative emotions are reduced.
焦虑、沮丧或冷漠等负面情绪会对大脑的记忆和认知功能产生影响。这在阿尔茨海默病中尤其明显,参与者的大脑连接可能会恶化,这通常是导致阿尔茨海默病参与者出现疾病的原因。减轻这些症状以更好地获得记忆和认知能力似乎很重要。沉浸在虚拟现实中是一种为参与者提供存在感的手段,这种环境将他们与可能引起负面情绪的外部因素隔离开来。虚拟旅行是一种可以调动主体注意力,恢复其兴趣和好奇心的方法。我们在这里介绍了一个实验,在这个实验中,参与者沉浸在一个虚拟的火车中,使用虚拟耳机和脑电图设备来测量大脑信号。为了衡量火车对记忆和认知功能的影响,我们在火车前后分别进行了一些认知任务。对患有轻度认知障碍的参与者进行了实验。初步结果显示,记忆功能和某些情况下的认知功能有所增强,而负面情绪则有所减少。
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引用次数: 6
Internet of Trees: A Vision for Advanced Monitoring of Crops 树木互联网:农作物高级监测的愿景
Alessandro Checco, D. Polese
Ecosystem preservation and production maximisation are competing objectives in agriculture. Reducing the need of undifferentiated or late interventions on the crops would reduce the number of disease treatments needed, as well as the consumption of water and fertiliser. This objective is only attainable through crop monitoring systems able to reach a single plant. Precision agriculture employ continuous and pervasive monitoring of crops, that in turn allows fast and targeted interventions. The aim of this paper is to highlight the problems that can be found in designing a wireless sensor network (WSN) able to measure environmental parameters such as relative humidity, irradiance and volatile pollutant concentration and introduces a possible solution that we named the Internet of Trees.
在农业中,生态系统保护和产量最大化是相互竞争的目标。减少对作物进行无差别或后期干预的需要将减少所需的疾病治疗次数,以及减少水和肥料的消耗。这一目标只有通过能够监测到单个植物的作物监测系统才能实现。精准农业采用对作物进行持续和普遍的监测,从而实现快速和有针对性的干预。本文的目的是强调在设计能够测量环境参数(如相对湿度,辐照度和挥发性污染物浓度)的无线传感器网络(WSN)时可能发现的问题,并介绍了一种可能的解决方案,我们将其命名为树木互联网。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
... International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks. International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
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