Adversity and resilience science最新文献

This project, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, examined the following assumptions of resilience theory: (a) resilience resources (i.e., types of personal resilience) and coping have specific functions in adaptating to adversity and (b) resilience processes (i.e., relationships between resilience resources and other variables) differ according to level of stress/adversity. From April–June 2020, 155 persons with cancer diagnoses and 150 without, matched on age, sex, and income, were recruited in the USA. A moderated-mediation model was used to test the theoretical assumptions: pandemic stress (independent variable), resilience resources (moderator variable), disengagement/denial coping (mediation variable), and quality of life (dependent variable), controlling for comorbid disease. Confirming theory, the Pandemic Stress X Resilience Resources moderator effect was significant for the no-cancer group [−.007 (−.013, −.001)], who reported less pandemic stress/adversity than the cancer group (M = 5.20 vs. M = 7.95; p <.05, respectively), but not for the cancer group. Also confirming theory, the Disengagement/Denial Coping X Resilience Resources moderator effect was significant for the cancer group [−.074 (−.132, −.015)], but not for the no-cancer group. Consistent with resilience theory, for the no-cancer group, the role of resilience resources was to decrease negative coping, thereby indirectly minimizing losses in quality of life. In contrast, in the cancer group, which reported higher levels of stress/adversity, the role of resilience resources was to reduce erosion of quality of life by reducing the impact of negative coping on quality-of-life. These results have clinical implications for both enhancing resilience resources and decreasing level of adversity in interventions for stress.

Childhood maltreatment is a public health crisis that contributes to an increased risk of suicidal behaviors in adolescents and young adults in numerous settings. This study examines the association between childhood maltreatment and suicide risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Zimbabwe. The study utilized data from the 2017 Zimbabwe Violence Against Children Survey (N = 249). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were both used to obtain the prevalence estimates. In addition, two sets of bivariate logistic regression were employed to assess the association between types of childhood maltreatment and higher levels of suicide risk behaviors. The results showed that approximately 47.4% of adolescents and young adults living with HIV were at risk of higher levels of suicide behaviors. Furthermore, adolescents and young adults living with HIV who experienced any form of childhood maltreatment were associated with lower likelihood of reporting higher levels of suicide risk behaviors (61.3%; aOR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.18–0.63). However, adolescents and young adults living with HIV who experienced emotional abuse (72.7%; aOR = 4.29, 95% CI = 1.57–11.77) and sexual abuse (75%; aOR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.14–10.39) were more likely to report higher levels of suicide risk behaviors. This study underscore the need for a wide range of interventions to prevent suicide risk behaviors, including trauma-informed care and mental health support support services, anti-stigma and violence prevention programs, and promoting efforts to cultivate community acceptance for adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Zimbabwe.

The aims of this study were firstly to explore the relationship between Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) and demographic variables, secondly to investigate the taxonic structure of BCEs without considering the confounding effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), thirdly to explore associations between latent classes of BCEs and a range of mental health and psychological factors and fourthly to examine the linear vs. non-linear relationship between BCEs and mental health outcomes. The sample analyzed here consisted of n = 2058 UK general population participants. Our findings revealed weak effects of gender, age, and education across the BCEs. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) revealed four classes: High BCEs (42%), Intermediate BCEs with opportunity (35%), Intermediate BCEs (17%), and Low BCEs (4%). These classes were associated with psychological factors and mental health outcomes, with higher BCE clusters exhibiting better psychosocial functioning overall. Analysis of quadratic terms yielded no significant results. Implications for further research in this area are discussed.

In general, religiosity is associated with positive health outcomes, though this association is not observed among LGBTQ + individuals. Yet, nearly half of LGBTQ + Americans consider themselves religious. Clarifying the resilience resources used by this population may help inform targeted health promotion interventions that leverage strengths to support health, including social and mental health. This review identifies resilience resources used by religious LGBTQ + people in the United States using Dunkel-Schetter and Dolbier’s Resilience Taxonomy. Studies were included if they (1) sampled exclusively LGBTQ + people, all or a disaggregated subsection of whom identified either being religious and/or voluntarily participating in religious practice, and (2) included discussion of resilience among these participants. Results from 22 studies found resources for supporting resilience among LGBTQ + religious Americans, including the process of identity integration, personal cognitive or dispositional skills, social supports from family and faith communities, and cultural and structural impacts. Future research is required to assess how these resources may be integrated into interventions for LGBTQ + health by organizations uniquely situated within communities to do so, and this research may benefit from taking a broad taxonomic approach to understanding resilience within socioecological context.

This pilot study investigated the effects of a self-help psychoeducation program based on positive psychotherapy on the psychological resilience of young adults in Türkey. The 8-week program, conducted online, comprised weekly 90-min sessions. The intervention group consisted of 15 women between the ages of 18 and 35 living in various cities in Türkey. This study used a mixed-method design that combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected using a single-group pre-test–post-test–follow-up design, analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and assessed using the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale. Qualitative data were gathered via Google Forms and analyzed phenomenologically to explore the participants’ experiences. The results showed that the psychoeducation program had positive effects on participants’ psychological resilience, and that this effect continued with the follow-up test results. Qualitative analysis identified two main themes: self-help and self-compassion and emotional management and balance. Participants reported enhanced self-help skills, increased self-compassion, and improved emotional regulation. Overall, these findings reveal that the proposed program is effective in enhancing young adults’ psychological resilience and in developing their self-help skills. Recommendations for further research include expanding the sample size and including diverse groups to generalize the findings.

Workplace incivility is a common experience with detrimental individual and organizational outcomes. Personal resources such as recovery experiences can help individuals demonstrate resilience to such adversity. Yet, it remains unknown whether different approaches to daily work recovery contribute to different resilience outcome dimensions. The current study investigated whether psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control recovery experiences were differentially associated with resilience. We assessed resilience across the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment using a residual approach. Participants were 289 local government professionals who completed self-report measures of recovery experiences, workplace incivility, and burnout. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed distinct patterns of associations. For emotional exhaustion resilience, psychological detachment and relaxation recovery opportunities were significant predictors. In contrast, none of the recovery experiences were associated with depersonalization resilience. For personal accomplishment resilience, only the mastery recovery opportunities emerged as a significant predictor. For comparison, psychological detachment and mastery experiences predicted higher scores on a conventional unidimensional trait resilience measure. These findings underscore the value of conceptualizing resilience as a multidimensional construct, as different recovery experiences appear to contribute to resilience in specific outcome domains. The results suggest that tailoring resilience-building strategies to target the unique needs and challenges faced by employees exposed to workplace incivility may be more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach. Continued research is needed to further elucidate the complex interplay between personal resources, workplace demands, and multifaceted resilient functioning.

Black Americans are underrepresented in research studies about well-being. This underrepresentation can perpetuate and exacerbate health inequities. We used focus groups to explore the perceptions of Black American community members regarding definitions of well-being and facilitators and barriers to well-being. Eight focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Four focus groups comprised of 26 participants produced valid and interpretable data. Transcripts were analyzed, and the findings were grouped into three themes: (a) describing and defining feeling good or well-being, (b) expanding on key dimensions of feeling good or well-being, and (c) capturing systemic and community-level barriers and resources that impact participant well-being. The study results revealed that Black American participants were actively engaged in defining, protecting, and promoting their well-being, as well as the well-being of their families and communities. Specifically, participants identified individual, family, and community as protective factors against negative physical and mental health experiences. Implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers are provided.

Maltreated adolescents placed in the out-of-home care (OHC) system often experience multiple adversities, which are associated with many deleterious outcomes. The present study investigated the longitudinal effects of cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents in OHC, as well as the extent to which emotion dysregulation can explain the links between exposure to multiple adversities and problematic behavioral outcomes over time. One hundred and sixty-two adolescents (M_age = 13.11 years, 90 females) who were placed in OHC in Singapore self-reported on their adversities experienced and symptoms of emotion dysregulation at baseline, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems in two consecutive waves. Path analyses indicated that cumulative ACEs were positively associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems at Wave 1, which in turn were positively related to internalizing and externalizing problems at Wave 2. Emotion dysregulation at Wave 1 partially explained the paths. These findings highlight the importance of addressing emotion dysregulation and the associated internalizing and externalizing problems in early interventions for adolescents in OHC to mitigate the risks of deteriorating mental health and promote positive outcomes.