Adversity and resilience science最新文献

Resilience is crucial to the survival of the urban poor in Mexico; however, their efforts are often not enough to pull them out of poverty. The present study explores urban poverty and utilises grounded theory to understand the role resilience plays in the social construction of urban poverty in Mexico. Observational research (23 accounts) and individual and group in-depth interviews were conducted with 36 heads of households and other key informants for a total of 115 participants, in 10 neighbourhoods in 3 different regions in Mexico. These neighbourhoods were classified as lower-income by Mexican authorities. Interviews focused on open-ended questions following the themes of income, education, health, nutrition, safety, environment, and resilience. Interview texts were analysed using interpretative thematic analysis and framed by a grounded theory approach. The urban poor in Mexico display the attitudes and behaviours of resilient people, who are unable to achieve social mobility. We found that their resilient actions, which may solve one problem, often create another and can be costly. This leads to individuals being stuck in poverty traps or cycles of poverty, which they cannot escape. The resilience of participants highlights their agency and their attempts to fight poverty; however, it also highlights the structural inequalities in Mexico and the stagnant social mobility, which characterises the country. As an approach based on strengths, ‘resilience’ can be used for understanding and helping the urban poor, while respecting their dignity and agency, but should not take centre stage in either endeavour.

We explored the role of selected parental environmental factors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences) and behavioral factors (e.g., discipline and parental empathy) in perceived parenting as it pertains to parent involvement (PI) in their child’s education. Data were collected from families who resided in the southeastern and western USA (N = 201). Six parent profiles emerged from finite mixture model analysis: (1) high trauma/low involvement parent group (n = 27); (2) referent parent group (n = 100); (3) passively involved parent group (n = 17); (4) average trauma/intensively involved parent group (n = 13); (5) controlling parent group (n = 29); and (6) low trauma/ high involvement parent group (n = 15). Subsequent multinomial regression analyses demonstrated that primary profile membership for parents was generally unrelated to sex, race, socioeconomic level, or the mother’s educational level. These distinct parenting profiles may be an additional tool to better understand PI that can ultimately be used as a mechanism to better understand child academic and functional outcomes.

Background

The Memories of Home and Family Scale (MHFS; Shevlin et al., 2022) was developed as a multidimensional measure of subjective memories of experiences at home and with family during childhood. Due to the length of the scale, a short version of the MHFS (MHFS-SF) has been developed. Data were from Wave 7 of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC-UK), a population based UK survey (N = 1405). Two items with the highest factor loadings from each of the six dimensions of the original MHFS were selected for inclusion. Confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) models were estimated to test the dimensionality of the scale. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested by examining associations with criterion variables. CFA results supported the multidimensionality of the scale. MHFS-SF total and sub-scale scores were negatively correlated with measures of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and paranoia, and were positively correlated with wellbeing. Regression analyses revealed that MHFS-SF total and sub-scale scores significantly predicted loneliness, paranoia, and wellbeing, even after accounting for age, gender, and current internalising symptoms. Results from this study suggest that the MHFS-SF scores retain the excellent psychometric properties of the original scale while improving efficiency. The MHFS-SF demonstrated high levels of convergent and discriminant validity with mental health and wellbeing measures. Future research should seek to validate the MHFS-SF in different populations and assess its usefulness in clinical settings.

Historic declines in young people’s mental health began to emerge before the COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of this youth mental health crisis, the pandemic constituted a naturalistic stressor paradigm that came with the potential to uncover new knowledge for the science of risk and resilience. Surprisingly, approximately 19-35% of people reported better well-being in the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Therefore, in May and September 2020, we asked N=517 young adults from a cohort study to describe the best and the worst aspects of their pandemic lives (N=1,462 descriptions). Inductive thematic analysis revealed that the best aspects included the deceleration of life and a greater abundance of free time, which was used for hobbies, healthy activities, strengthening relationships, and for personal growth and building resilience skills. Positive aspects also included a reduction in educational pressures and work load and temporary relief from climate change concerns. The worst aspects included disruptions and changes to daily life; social distancing and restrictions of freedoms; negative emotions that arose in the pandemic situation, including uncertainty about the future; and the growing polarization of society. Science that aims to reverse the youth mental health crisis must pay increased attention to sources of young people’s distress that are not commonly measured (e.g., their educational, work, and time pressures; their fears and uncertainties about their personal, society’s, and the global future), and also to previously untapped sources of well-being – including those that young people identified for themselves while facing the COVID-19 pandemic.