Adversity and resilience science最新文献

Combining frameworks from both migration studies and psychology, this study examines the factors that have contributed to refugees’ resilience amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Lesbos, Greece. Twenty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with refugees and international humanitarian actors and subsequently analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Ten key protective factors are presented, operating at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels. These factors encompass behavioral and cognitive factors at the individual level, as well as social support and community resources such as self-organization, self-advocacy, and organizational support. Our analysis, informed by a multisystemic framework of resilience, revealed that these factors are fundamentally interconnected and shaped by the institutional macrosystem. The broader social, political, and built environment plays a critical role, either facilitating or impeding resilience, sometimes resulting in protective factors causing harm. This paper offers insights into how intensified containment affects access to resilience-enhancing resources.

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to high psychological stress for many adolescents and young adults, which may have contributed to increased depressive symptoms. We aimed to determine if benefit-finding, a cognitive-based coping strategy, was associated with lower depressive symptoms early in the pandemic, and if associations between different types of stress and depressive symptoms depended on the level of benefit-finding that high school and university students reported using. Hypotheses were tested using online survey data in May 2020 during stay-at-home restrictions. The high school sample (N = 651; M = 16.2 years) included students from three US urban high schools, and the university sample (N = 437; M = 26.6 years) included undergraduate and graduate students at a mid-size private urban university. Participants self-reported COVID-19-specific psychological and financial stress, benefit-finding, and depressive symptoms. In both samples, higher psychological stress, higher financial stress, and lower benefit-finding were associated with higher depressive symptoms. In the university sample only, those reporting high benefit-finding showed lower psychological stress and depressive symptoms. Benefit-finding did not moderate associations between financial stress and depressive symptoms in either sample. Benefit-finding was associated with lower depressive symptoms generally, suggesting a potential benefit for this strategy regardless of stress level for high school and university students. Benefit-finding may have helped buffer the association between high levels of psychological stress related to the pandemic and depressive symptoms, but only for university students. Finally, benefit-finding appeared less beneficial for buffering against high depressive symptoms in the context of high financial stress in both samples.

Research indicates that when examining later adulthood well-being, it is essential to consider not only the absence of adverse childhood experiences but also the presence of positive ones. This research aims to examine the relationship between benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs), psychological resilience, and life satisfaction in young adults. We collected data from 446 participants from 21 universities across Turkey via online forms. Participants self-reported their BCEs, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience. Structural equation modeling is used to test the study hypotheses. Results indicate that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between BCEs and life satisfaction (indirect effect = .011, 95% CI [.0039, .0210]). Considering the findings, we recommend assessing BCEs and psychological resilience along with adverse childhood experiences to monitor later adulthood well-being in students.

Growing evidence has highlighted the global mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, particularly in societies with pre-existing socioeconomic adversities and public health concerns. Despite the sudden and prolonged nature of many psychosocial stressors during the pandemic, recent studies have shown that communities utilized several coping mechanisms to buffer the mental health consequences of COVID-related stress. This paper examines the extent to which coping resources and social support buffered against the mental health effects of COVID-19 psychosocial stress among adults in South Africa. Adult participants (n = 117) completed an online survey during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa (January–July 2021), which assessed experiences of stress, coping resources, social support, and four mental health outcomes: depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder. Moderation analyses examined the potential buffering role of coping resources and social support against the mental health effects of COVID-19 stress. Adults reported elevated rates of psychiatric symptoms. Coping resources buffered against the poor mental health effects of COVID-19 psychosocial stress, whereas perceived social support did not significantly moderate the association between COVID-19 stress and adult mental health. These results suggest that adults in our sample utilized a variety of coping resources to protect their mental health against psychosocial stress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown and pandemic in South Africa. Additionally, existing mental health conditions and strained social relationships may have attenuated the potential stress-buffering effect of perceived social support on adult mental health.

Growing evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly threaten sojourners' well-being, depriving them of adaptive strategies to mitigate the negative influences. However, research examining social dysfunctions, such as social anxiety resulting from compromised well-being due to ACEs, remains limited. This study investigate how subjective well-being may mediate the relationship between ACEs and social anxiety among diverse groups of sojourners in China. Utilizing structural equation modeling, this study analyzed data from 470 sojourners in China to assess the direct effects of ACEs on social anxiety and whether subjective well-being mediates this relationship.The findings revealed that ACEs were not directly associated with social anxiety (β = 0.101, p = 0.089). However, ACEs were found to negatively impact subjective well-being (β = -0.483, p < 0.001). Additionally, subjective well-being was negatively associated with social anxiety (β = -0.268, p < 0.001), indicating that higher levels of subjective well-being correspond to lower levels of social anxiety. The study identified a full mediation effect, demonstrating that when ACEs diminish sojourners' subjective well-being, social anxiety tends to increase (β = 0.129, SE = 0.038, CI = [0.072, 0.198], p < 0.01), confirming the enervating effects of ACEs on social anxiety regardless of subjective well-being. No significant gender disparities were observed in the interrelationships among ACEs, subjective well-being, and social anxiety. Outcomes varied among students, expatriates, and business owners based on the model. Support and interventions should consider ACEs as risk factors for low subjective well-being, which can lead to social dysfunctions such as social anxiety. Addressing these factors is crucial for improving the overall well-being of sojourners.

Ample evidence demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with disruptive family adjustment and heightened early adolescent internalizing symptoms. The current study used a diverse sample of 259 female caregivers and early adolescents (ages 11–14) to examine the association between caregiver proactive coping, caregiver perceived stress, adaptive caregiver personality, and early adolescent internalizing symptoms. We tested whether (1) caregiver perceived stress (as an indirect effect) could explain the relationship between caregiver proactive coping and early adolescent internalizing symptoms, and (2) adaptive caregiver personality moderated the indirect effect. Moderation-mediation results revealed (1) caregiver perceived stress was a significant indirect effect in the relationship between female proactive coping and early adolescent internalizing symptoms; (2) adaptive caregiver personality moderated the indirect effect. For caregivers with lower adaptive caregiver personality, the magnitude of the indirect effect became larger. These results highlight the interplay between caregiver proactive coping, caregiver stress, and adaptive caregiver personality on adolescent internalizing symptoms.

The present study aims to explore the associations between current adverse experiences, self-care behaviors, and depressive symptoms among emerging adults who are university students. Guided by the concept of “thriving” (O’Leary & Ickovics, 1995), a strength-based perspective is adopted to examine undergraduates’ adverse experiences (conceptually similar to adverse childhood experiences), self-care behaviors, and depressive symptoms. The study’s main hypothesis is that self-care behaviors have a mediating role between current adverse experiences and depressive symptoms. Study results, based on data gathered via an online survey from 380 university students, indicated that higher levels of current adverse experiences were related to lower levels of physical and psychological self-care behaviors and higher levels of depressive symptoms. Only physical self-care behaviors mediated the association between current adverse experiences and depressive symptoms. This research contributes to the field by considering how physical self-care behaviors may help emerging adults thrive despite their current adverse experiences.

The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the way British Pakistani women speak about resilience during the COVID-19 adversity. It draws upon in-depth narrative interviews with 13 British Pakistani women, aged between 38 and 69. The analysis is grounded in the Resilience Portfolio Model developed by Grych and colleagues. The Resilience Portfolio Model proposes that each individual has a unique “portfolio” of strengths and protective factors which consists of “assets” (regulatory strengths, interpersonal strengths, and meaning-making strengths) and resources available to individuals. Just like many people across the globe, women were impacted by the pandemic in different ways; nevertheless, they maintained resilience through regulatory behaviours of walking and enjoying nature, engaging in praying, and reading the Quran. Women invested in positive relationships that supported the development of social capital within their community and allowed them to connect with others in meaningful and reciprocal ways. Their religious beliefs and identity not only were key in their ability to make sense of the pandemic but also promoted a sense of belonging which enabled them to engage with their community resources. Findings show that women’s assets worked in tandem with their resources to promote their overall wellbeing during the COVID-19 adversity. This highlights the need for practitioners to combine individual “strengths” and community resources when developing preventative and responsive interventions for ethnic minority women who have experienced adversity and for policy initiatives to consider recreational resources that help to minimise isolation in ethnic minority communities.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to impact mental health. Risk associated with ACEs is commonly estimated based on counts from the conventional ACE types, but ACEs may not all carry the same health risk, either individually or in combination. Evidence is needed to understand the health impact of different ACE types and combinations of ACE types. We aimed to assess variation in risk of mental illness diagnosis and severe psychological distress in young adulthood based on differences in exposure to individual ACEs and combinations of ACEs, which can improve precision of ACE-based risk assessment. We used data from six waves of the Transition to Adulthood Supplement (2007–2017; n = 1832 young adults ages 18–28) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We used logistic regression with cluster-robust variation estimation to test associations between each ACE, pairwise combinations of ACEs, and outcomes including new or existing mental illness diagnoses and severe psychological distress. Individual ACEs associated with greatest risk for new or existing mental illness diagnoses and severe psychological distress were parental mental illness and sexual abuse. Combinations of ACEs associated with greatest risk were parental mental illness-plus-sexual abuse and parental mental illness-plus-emotional neglect. ACEs associated with the lowest risk were parental substance use, physical abuse, and household violence. In this nationally representative longitudinal study of mental health outcomes in young adults, different individual and combinations of ACEs were associated with varying levels of mental health risk. This carries implications for risk assessment and ACE intervention prioritization.

Resilience is a process that involves positive adaptation to trauma through protective factors. How resilience differs based on race and ethnicity is less known for youths in residential treatment programs. This study collected views from culturally diverse youths in a residential program on ways they have overcome adversity. The findings were used to develop a culturally informed screen of activities related to resilience for youths in residential programs. This study included 32 youths ages 12–18 residing in a residential program; 66% were male, 34.5% White, 25% African American, 21.9% Latinx, 15.6% more than one race, and 3.1% American Indian. Youths completed resilience measures and participated in focus groups that were conducted according to race and ethnicity. Youths answered two questions: (1) What has helped you overcome some of the difficult challenges you have faced in life? (2) When you think about hard times that you have gone through, what family and community traditions have helped you? Racial and ethnic similarities and differences in the themes and activities are reported. Preliminary scale design of the resilience screen is also included. Convergence of the findings with the existing literature on youth resilience, limitations, and future directions are discussed. The study has implications for further development of a culturally informed measure of resilience for youths.