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The Association between Personality and Individual Differences and Stigma toward People with Mental Disorders 人格、个体差异和对精神障碍患者的耻辱感之间的关系
Pub Date : 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1089799
Andrew C. H. Szeto, T. O’Neill, K. Dobson
Although research examining the stigma of mental disorders is burgeoning, there has been little research exploring the personality and individual differences that may be associated with mental disorders stigma. The current study examined the relation between stigma toward mental disorders and social-psychological individual difference variables (intergroup anxiety, empathic concern, perspective taking, and modern prejudice toward people with mental disorders). As well, the Big Five and Honesty-Humility personality traits were examined at factor- and facet-levels to replicate and extend previous research that has examined their relations with stigma. The social-psychological individual difference variables were significantly correlated with mental disorders stigma. More interestingly, regression models indicated that intergroup anxiety, empathic concern, and modern prejudice accounted for more variance in the prediction of stigma than Big Five factors and facets. Additionally, results indicate the utility of examining factor- and facet levels, rather than only the factor level. These results highlight the need to further examine individual characteristics and personality in stigma research. To conclude, the current findings are discussed in the context of interventions aimed at reducing the stigma of mental disorders.
尽管对精神障碍耻辱感的研究正在蓬勃发展,但很少有研究探索可能与精神障碍耻辱感相关的人格和个体差异。本研究考察了精神障碍耻辱感与社会心理个体差异变量(群体间焦虑、共情关怀、视角获取和对精神障碍患者的现代偏见)之间的关系。此外,五大人格特征和诚实谦卑人格特征在因素和层面上进行了研究,以复制和扩展先前研究它们与耻辱的关系的研究。社会心理个体差异变量与精神障碍耻感显著相关。更有趣的是,回归模型表明,群体间焦虑、共情关注和现代偏见在预测病耻感方面比五大因素和方面的差异更大。此外,结果表明检查因子和facet水平的效用,而不仅仅是因素水平。这些结果强调了在病耻感研究中进一步研究个体特征和个性的必要性。总之,目前的研究结果是在旨在减少精神障碍耻辱的干预措施的背景下讨论的。
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引用次数: 16
EOV Editorial Board EOV编委会
Pub Date : 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1100955
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引用次数: 0
Altered Self-Experience and Goal Setting in Severe Mental Illness 严重精神疾病患者自我体验和目标设定的改变
Pub Date : 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1089800
Alan B. McGuire, P. Lysaker, Sally Wasmuth
Goal setting is an essential part of psychiatric rehabilitation. Clinicians strive to maximize consumers’ participate in treatment decisions, including setting goals for treatment. Many psychiatric disabilities include alterations in a typical “open” dialogical self-experience that include cacophonous, monological, or barren self-experiences. Alterations to self-experience may affect the ability to formulate authentic and meaningful goals, and these perturbations may vary depending on the type of self-experience. The authors analyzed interviews regarding goals for treatment to explore themes emerging within self-experience types. Themes indicate people with differing self-experiences differ in how they form goals and the barriers they face in this process.
目标设定是精神康复的重要组成部分。临床医生努力最大限度地让消费者参与治疗决策,包括制定治疗目标。许多精神障碍包括典型的“开放”对话自我体验的改变,包括不和谐的、独白的或贫瘠的自我体验。自我体验的改变可能会影响制定真实而有意义的目标的能力,这些干扰可能因自我体验的类型而异。作者分析了关于治疗目标的访谈,以探索自我体验类型中出现的主题。主题表明,具有不同自我体验的人在如何形成目标和在此过程中面临的障碍方面存在差异。
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引用次数: 11
Discursive Processes Creating Team Culture and Recovery Orientation Among Housing First Providers 在住房优先提供者中创造团队文化和恢复导向的话语过程
Pub Date : 2015-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2014.954163
Stacey L. Barrenger, V. Stanhope, K. Atterbury
A recovery orientation is imperative in mental health services. While structural aspects of programs can influence service providers’ orientation to recovery principles, team culture as exemplified by staff attitudes, values, and beliefs is central to the incorporation of recovery principles in everyday practice. Using Fine's (1979) idioculture framework, this study examined the discursive process in team meetings at a housing first program. Researchers observed team meetings and conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with case managers from two assertive community treatment teams. Open coding identified categories indicating discursive processes grounded in the recovery language and higher-level coding derived intersubjective themes related to the use of recovery oriented culture during team meetings. Discursive processes included giving benefit of the doubt, withholding judgment, celebrating small things, and accentuating the positive and softening the negative. Using these discursive practices, the team navigated triggering events from landlords and providers by engaging in language that defused situations, normalized behaviors, and recognized residents’ successes, which served to facilitate positive discussions about residents rather than pathologizing their behaviors. Understanding the underlying processes contributing to team culture can inform and facilitate the implementation of recovery-oriented practice.
心理健康服务必须以康复为导向。虽然项目的结构方面可以影响服务提供者对康复原则的取向,但以员工态度、价值观和信仰为例的团队文化是将康复原则纳入日常实践的核心。本研究采用Fine(1979)的文化框架,考察了住房优先项目团队会议中的话语过程。研究人员观察了团队会议,并对来自两个自信的社区治疗团队的病例管理人员进行了深入的半结构化访谈。开放编码识别了以康复语言为基础的话语过程的类别,更高层次的编码派生了与团队会议期间使用康复导向文化相关的主体间主题。话语过程包括给予怀疑的好处,保留判断,庆祝小事情,强调积极的一面,软化消极的一面。通过这些话语实践,团队通过使用缓和情况、规范行为和认可居民成功的语言来引导房东和提供者引发的事件,这有助于促进对居民的积极讨论,而不是将他们的行为病态化。了解有助于团队文化的潜在过程可以告知并促进以恢复为导向的实践的实施。
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引用次数: 3
Exploring the Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in Re-engaging People Diagnosed with Severe Psychiatric Conditions in Work, Study, or Community Participation 探索动机性访谈的有效性,使诊断为严重精神疾病的人重新参与工作、学习或社区活动
Pub Date : 2015-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2014.954158
M. Hampson, R. Hicks, B. Watt
Motivational interviewing has been used effectively to promote positive change in a variety of clinical settings. Several authors have suggested that motivational interviewing also be used to improve vocational outcomes among people living with a serious mental health condition. This study investigated the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in improving employment-related outcomes among people living with a persisting mental health condition. Twenty-six volunteers diagnosed with long-term mental health conditions were assigned to two groups: The experimental group received a brief motivational interviewing intervention while control group members were mailed information to assist them to return to paid or unpaid work. Both groups were followed up after 6 and 12 months to compare occupational outcomes. The results of this study revealed significantly higher rates of paid employment at 12-month follow-up among participants in the motivational interviewing group compared with the control group. The findings demonstrate that motivational interviewing might be worth exploring as a user-friendly intervention that can assist in improving vocational outcomes among people recovering from a serious mental health condition. Further research using a larger sample size is needed to confirm these results.
动机性访谈已被有效地用于促进积极的变化在各种临床设置。一些作者建议,动机性访谈也可以用于改善患有严重精神疾病的人的职业成果。本研究探讨动机性访谈在改善持续心理健康状况的人的就业相关结果方面的有效性。26名被诊断为长期精神健康问题的志愿者被分为两组:实验组接受简短的动机性访谈干预,而对照组成员则通过邮寄信息帮助他们重返有偿或无偿工作。两组在6个月和12个月后进行随访,比较职业结果。本研究的结果显示,在12个月的随访中,动机访谈组的参与者的带薪就业率明显高于对照组。研究结果表明,动机性访谈可能值得探索,作为一种用户友好的干预手段,可以帮助从严重的心理健康状况中恢复的人改善职业成果。需要使用更大样本量的进一步研究来证实这些结果。
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引用次数: 15
Social-Skills Training for Spanish-Speaking Persons with Schizophrenia: Experiences From Latin America, Spain, and the United States 西班牙语精神分裂症患者的社交技能培训:来自拉丁美洲、西班牙和美国的经验
Pub Date : 2015-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2014.954161
Marcelo Valencia, J. A. Moriana, A. Kopelowicz, S. López, R. Liberman
A review was conducted on the cross-cultural adaptation, effectiveness, and validation of social-skills training (SST), an evidence-based practice that originated in the English language, carried out in the Spanish language for persons with schizophrenia in Latin America, Spain, and the United States. This review of research delineates the methodology of the published literature that contained a wide variety of studies from empirically based evaluation of case reports to randomized, controlled trials. The weight of the evidence from all three regions revealed greater benefits to Spanish-speaking patients who received SST in symptoms, skill acquisition and community functioning than for patients who received customary treatment. To ensure the cross-cultural effectiveness of rehabilitation practices originating in English-speaking countries, it is essential that adaptations beyond language translations be made to meet the unique expectations, norms, values, and customs of Spanish-speaking patients and families in the three regions that are the focus of this report.
社会技能训练(SST)是一种基于证据的实践,起源于英语,在拉丁美洲、西班牙和美国以西班牙语对精神分裂症患者进行了跨文化适应、有效性和验证。这篇研究综述描述了已发表文献的方法论,这些文献包含了从基于经验的病例报告评估到随机对照试验的各种研究。来自所有三个地区的证据的权重显示,接受SST治疗的西班牙语患者在症状、技能习得和社区功能方面比接受常规治疗的患者获益更多。为了确保源自英语国家的康复实践的跨文化有效性,有必要在语言翻译之外进行调整,以满足本报告重点关注的三个地区讲西班牙语的患者和家庭的独特期望、规范、价值观和习俗。
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引用次数: 4
What We Are Like When We Are at Our Best: Appreciative Stories of Staff in a Community Mental Health Center 当我们处于最佳状态时,我们是什么样的:社区心理健康中心工作人员的欣赏故事
Pub Date : 2015-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1059383
M. Salyers, Ruth L. Firmin, Timothy Gearhart, Elizabeth Avery, R. Frankel
Appreciative Inquiry is an organizational change methodology that discovers what works well in an organization and then pursues strategies to enhance those factors. The initial discovery process itself provides data ripe for qualitative analysis. Narratives were collected from 27 community mental health staff about times when they were at their best. An emergent, consensus-based analysis was used to understand the stories and exemplary work—with competent, caring staff and elements needed to support them. Findings are discussed in light of self-determination theory that people are at their best with a sense of mastery, connection, and autonomy.
赞赏式调查是一种组织变革方法,它发现组织中哪些因素运作良好,然后寻求策略来增强这些因素。最初的发现过程本身为定性分析提供了成熟的数据。收集了27名社区精神卫生工作人员关于他们处于最佳状态的时间的叙述。一个紧急的、基于共识的分析被用来理解故事和模范工作——有能力的、有爱心的工作人员和支持他们所需的要素。研究结果是根据自我决定理论进行讨论的,即人们在掌握感、联系感和自主性方面处于最佳状态。
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引用次数: 5
Interest in Employment Among People with Schizophrenia 精神分裂症患者的就业兴趣
Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2014.954162
C. Westcott, G. Waghorn, D. McLean, D. Statham, B. Mowry
There are divergent findings about the level of employment interest among community residents with schizophrenia. In addition, little is known about interest in other socially valued roles, such as formal education and training, self-development, living independently, and other forms of rehabilitation. Interest in employment is important as an indicator of demand for effective supported employment services. Data for this analysis were provided by a large and well-defined community sample of 255 persons with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Role functioning was investigated with the Socially-Valued Role Classification Scale. Interest in employment was high, with 85% of the participants being either employed or interested in employment as a future goal. In addition, 95% of participants were either performing, or interested in performing, two other socially valued roles (education and training or rehabilitation). This is more encouraging than some previous studies suggest and indicates that 95% of all community residents with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are candidates for effective rehabilitation programs. Further research is needed to understand the importance of interest in socially valued roles and how appropriate assistance can develop both interest and lack of interest into motivation and action within each role domain.
社区居民精神分裂症患者的就业兴趣水平存在差异。此外,人们对其他社会价值角色的兴趣知之甚少,如正规教育和培训、自我发展、独立生活和其他形式的康复。对就业的兴趣是衡量对有效就业支助服务需求的重要指标。本分析的数据是由一个大而明确的社区样本提供的,该样本包括255名被DSM-IV诊断为精神分裂症或分裂情感性障碍的患者。使用社会价值角色分类量表调查角色功能。对就业的兴趣很高,85%的参与者要么已经就业,要么对就业感兴趣。此外,95%的参与者要么正在表演,要么有兴趣表演另外两种社会价值角色(教育和培训或康复)。这比之前的一些研究更令人鼓舞,并表明95%的精神分裂症和分裂情感性障碍社区居民是有效康复计划的候选人。需要进一步的研究来了解对社会价值角色的兴趣的重要性,以及适当的援助如何在每个角色领域内将兴趣和缺乏兴趣发展为动机和行动。
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引用次数: 25
Goal Attainment Scaling: Tracking Goal Achievement in Consumers with Serious Mental Illness 目标达成尺度:追踪严重精神疾病患者的目标达成
Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2014.954159
N. Tabak, Peter Link, Jason Holden, E. Granholm
Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is described as a method for standardizing achievement of personalized recovery goals. Collaborative goal setting enhances hope and motivation and promotes recovery for consumers with serious mental illness (SMI). Many available outcome measures survey broad functioning domains (e.g., work, school) and not personalized recovery goals that match consumers' self-determined needs and preferences. GAS was utilized to measure goal progress in consumers with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (N = 55) in a clinical trial of group psychosocial interventions. Goals included 10 steps with objective anchors, which were measured at three time points (baseline, midtreatment, and end of treatment). Hierarchical linear modeling evaluated change over time. The most common goal chosen by consumers was establishing or reestablishing relationships, followed by self-care, employment, leisure activities, housing, school, independent transportation, recovery from addictions, and money management. Results indicated a significant increase in mean goal attainment with scores increasing from 2.38 (SD = 1.69)—corresponding to “talks to support person about goal”—at baseline to 5.64 (SD = 2.31)—corresponding to “actively engages in goal activity/behavior at least once”—at end of treatment. This preliminary evidence suggests the GAS measure is sensitive to change in a clinical trial. GAS is a promising recovery-oriented therapeutic tool and functional outcome measure for consumers with SMI.
目标实现尺度(GAS)是一种实现个性化恢复目标的标准化方法。协作目标的设定提高了希望和动力,促进了严重精神疾病(SMI)消费者的康复。许多可用的结果测量调查了广泛的功能领域(例如,工作,学校),而不是个性化的恢复目标,以匹配消费者自我决定的需求和偏好。在一项群体心理社会干预的临床试验中,GAS被用于测量患有精神分裂症和分裂情感性障碍的消费者(N = 55)的目标进展。目标包括10个步骤和客观锚点,分别在三个时间点(基线、治疗中期和治疗结束)进行测量。分层线性模型评估随时间的变化。消费者选择的最常见的目标是建立或重建关系,其次是自我护理、就业、休闲活动、住房、学校、独立交通、戒毒和理财。结果显示,平均目标达成程度显著提高,得分从基线时的2.38分(SD = 1.69)增加到治疗结束时的5.64分(SD = 2.31),即“与支持者谈论目标”,对应于“至少一次积极参与目标活动/行为”。这一初步证据表明,GAS测量对临床试验中的变化很敏感。对于重度精神分裂症患者来说,GAS是一种很有前景的康复导向的治疗工具和功能结果测量。
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引用次数: 24
Experiences and Meanings of Leisure, Active Living, and Recovery Among Culturally Diverse Community-Dwelling Adults with Mental Illness 不同文化社区居住的成人精神疾病患者的休闲、积极生活与康复的经验与意义
Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2014.954160
J. Shank, Y. Iwasaki, C. Coyle, Emily S. Messina
This paper presents the findings from Phase II of our multiphase, community-based research project that examined in-depth insights into the meanings of leisure and active living in the recovery experiences of culturally diverse, community-dwelling adults with mental illness. A series of three face-to-face, semistructured interviews were conducted once each week for 3 weeks with each individual who was purposefully selected from a pool of Phase I study participants. This case-study subsample (n = 23; 14 women and 9 men) included seven White, six Black, six Hispanic American, and four Asian American participants, aged between 23 and 78 years. The findings suggested that actively engaged leisure would act as a mechanism (i.e., “leisure space”) for “movement from” stress and tension and “movement to” something enjoyable and meaningful (e.g., a source of fulfillment, social connections, the reaffirmation of self-worth, hope for the future, altruism).
本文介绍了我们以社区为基础的多阶段研究项目的第二阶段的研究结果,该项目深入研究了休闲和积极生活在不同文化背景的社区精神疾病成年人康复经历中的意义。在为期三周的时间里,每周进行一次面对面的半结构化访谈,访谈对象是有意从第一阶段研究参与者中挑选出来的每个人。本案例研究子样本(n = 23;14名女性和9名男性)包括7名白人,6名黑人,6名西班牙裔美国人和4名亚裔美国人,年龄在23至78岁之间。研究结果表明,积极参与的休闲将作为一种机制(即“休闲空间”),使人们从“压力和紧张”中“运动”到“运动”到令人愉快和有意义的事情(例如,满足的来源、社会联系、自我价值的重申、对未来的希望、利他主义)。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
American journal of psychiatric rehabilitation
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