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Adaptive Curriculum Learning: Optimizing Reinforcement Learning through Dynamic Task Sequencing
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X2470070X
M. Nesterova, A. Skrynnik, A. Panov

Curriculum learning in reinforcement learning utilizes a strategy that sequences simpler tasks in order to optimize the learning process for more complex problems. Typically, existing methods are categorized into two distinct approaches: one that develops a teacher (a curriculum strategy) policy concurrently with a student (a learning agent) policy, and another that utilizes selective sampling based on the student policy’s experiences across a task distribution. The main issue with the first approach is the substantial computational demand, as it requires simultaneous training of both the low-level (student) and high-level (teacher) reinforcement learning policies. On the other hand, methods based on selective sampling presuppose that the agent is capable of maximizing reward accumulation across all tasks, which may lead to complications when the primary mission is to master a specific target task. This makes those models less effective in scenarios requiring focused learning. Our research addresses a particular scenario where a teacher needs to train a new student in a new short episode. This constraint compels the teacher to rapidly master the curriculum planning by identifying the most appropriate tasks. We evaluated our framework across several complex scenarios, including a partially observable grid-world navigation environment, and in procedurally generated open-world environment Crafter.

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引用次数: 0
Interpretable Sentiment Analysis and Text Segmentation for Chinese Language
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700759
Hou Zhenghao, A. Kolonin

In this paper, we explored the performance of interpretable sentiment analysis models of different combinations for the Chinese text in social media. We made experiment to study how performance varies with the change of combination of different segmentation strategies and dictionary of words or n-grams. We found that with some good combination of segmentation strategies and dictionary of words or n-grams, the result can be improved and overtake the performance of ordinary sentiment analysis model of Chinese language. This way we show the importance of selection of segmentation strategies and dictionary for the sentiment analysis of Chinese text.

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引用次数: 0
Deep Learning for Single Photo 3D Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700723
V. Kniaz, V. Knyaz, T. Skrypitsyna, P. Moshkantsev, A. Bordodymov

In this paper, we propose a new single-photo 3D reconstruction model DiffuseVoxels focused on 3D inpainting of destroyed parts of a building. We use frustum-voxel model 3D reconstruction pipeline as a starting point for our research. Our main contribution is an iterative estimation of destroyed parts from a Gaussian noise inspired by diffusion models. Our input is twofold. Firstly, we mask the destroyed region in the input 2D image with a Gaussian noise. Secondly, we remove the noise through many iterations to improve the 3D reconstruction. The resulting model is represented as a semantic frustum voxel model, where each voxel represents the class of the reconstructed scene. Unlike classical voxel models, where each unit represents a cube, frustum voxel models divides the scene space into trapezium shaped units. Such approach allows us to keep the direct contour correspondence between the input 2D image, input 3D feature maps, and the output 3D frustum voxel model.

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引用次数: 0
Numerical Modeling of the Electromagnetic Field Measurement Process by the Aluminum Aperture Cantilever 铝孔悬臂梁电磁场测量过程的数值模拟
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700516
E. S. Kozlova, S. S. Stafeev, V. V. Kotlyar, E. A. Kadomina

In this research we estimate the polarisation influence of the incident radiation on the measurement by a pyramidal aperture cantilever. The numerical modelling of the detection process was made by applying the frequency depended finite-difference time-domain method. We numerically demonstrated that the angle of incidence and the plane of inclination can affect on the measurement process by the aperture aluminum cantilever while the aperture shape has not any influence on the measurement process for both proposed types of incident light polarization: linear and circular left. Simulation results show that as the tilt angle for rotation of incident light increases the total intensity inside the cantilever decreases by about 50 and 30% for the linearly and circularly polarized light. It prooves that aperture aluminum cantilever is weakly sensitive to the longitudinal component.

在本研究中,我们估计了入射辐射的偏振影响测量的锥体口径悬臂梁。采用频率依赖时域有限差分法对探测过程进行了数值模拟。通过数值计算表明,对于所提出的两种入射光偏振类型:直线光偏振和圆左光偏振,入射角和倾斜平面对铝孔悬臂梁的测量过程有影响,而孔径形状对测量过程没有影响。仿真结果表明,随着入射光旋转倾斜角的增大,线偏振光和圆偏振光在悬臂梁内的总强度分别下降约50%和30%。证明了孔铝悬臂梁对纵向分量的敏感性较弱。
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引用次数: 0
Spin-Orbit Conversion in Vector Optical Vortices in the Paraxial Approximation 近轴近似下矢量光旋涡的自旋-轨道转换
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700620
S. S. Stafeev, V. V. Kotlyar

In this work, spin-orbit conversion in a vector optical vortex will be considered. The polarization in such a beam corresponds to the polarization of a cylindrical vector beam, that is, it is initially linear at each point. It is shown numerically and analytically using the Richards-Wolf formalism that zones with non-zero longitudinal spin angular momentum are formed in the focal spot, i.e. zones with elliptical polarization. It has been experimentally shown that for the case when the topological charge of the optical vortex coincides with the order of the beam, the observed spin-orbit conversion is large enough to be recorded in the paraxial approximation.

本文将考虑矢量光涡旋中的自旋轨道转换。这种光束的偏振对应于圆柱形矢量光束的偏振,也就是说,它在每个点上最初是线性的。利用Richards-Wolf的形式,用数值和解析方法证明了在焦点光斑中形成了纵向自旋角动量为非零的区域,即椭圆极化区。实验表明,当光涡旋的拓扑电荷与光束的阶数一致时,观测到的自旋轨道转换足够大,可以记录在近轴近似中。
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引用次数: 0
Common Topological Charge of a Superposition of Several Identical Off-Axis Vortex Beams with an Arbitrary Circularly Symmetric Transverse Shape 具有任意圆对称横向形状的几个相同离轴涡旋光束叠加的公共拓扑电荷
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700577
A. A. Kovalev, V. V. Kotlyar, A. G. Nalimov

We investigate the common topological charge of a superposition of parallel identical vortex beams with an arbitrary transverse shape, either Laguerre–Gaussian beams or Bessel–Gaussian beams or some other vortex beams with rotationally symmetric intensity distribution. It is known that if all the beams in the superposition have the same phase then the common topological charge of the whole superposition equals the topological charge of each constituent beam n. We show that if the beams are located on a circle and their phases increase linearly along this circle so that the phase delay between the neighbor beams on the circle is 2πp/N with N being the number of beams and p being an integer number, then the common topological charge of the superposition is equal to n + p.

本文研究了具有任意横向形状的平行相同涡旋光束叠加态的公共拓扑电荷,包括拉盖尔-高斯光束、贝塞尔-高斯光束和其他具有旋转对称强度分布的涡旋光束。我们知道,如果叠加态中的所有光束具有相同的相位,那么整个叠加态的公共拓扑电荷等于每个组成光束n的拓扑电荷。我们证明,如果光束位于一个圆上,并且它们的相位沿这个圆线性增加,使得圆上相邻光束之间的相位延迟为2πp/ n,其中n为光束数,p为整数,那么叠加态的公共拓扑电荷就等于n + p。
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引用次数: 0
Technology of Automatic Determination of Indications for 2RT-Laser Treatment of AMD from SD-OCT Images Based on Artificial Intelligence Methods 基于人工智能方法的SD-OCT 2rt激光治疗AMD适应症自动确定技术
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700565
A. Yu. Ionov, N. Yu. Ilyasova, N. S. Demin, E. A. Zamytskiy, E. Yu. Zubkova

The aim of this work is to develop and study the technology of automatic determination of indications for 2RT-laser treatment of AMD by SD-OCT images based on artificial intelligence methods. This is necessary to improve the accuracy and efficiency of AMD diagnosis, as well as to provide faster and more accurate treatment assignment to each patient. The U-Net architecture was chosen as the neural network architecture to extract the area of interest in the retinal OCT image. The VGG16 architecture was used as the neural network architecture for classification. These architectures are well established. As a result of training, the model showed a fairly high accuracy of 90% for segmentation and 98% for classification. Automatic localization and classification based on SD-OST images will allow the most accurate determination of indications for 2RT laser treatment. This will significantly reduce the burden on physicians and make diagnostics more accessible.

本工作旨在开发和研究基于人工智能方法的SD-OCT图像自动确定2rt激光治疗AMD适应症的技术。这对于提高AMD诊断的准确性和效率,以及为每位患者提供更快、更准确的治疗分配是必要的。选择U-Net结构作为提取视网膜OCT图像感兴趣区域的神经网络结构。采用VGG16体系结构作为神经网络体系结构进行分类。这些体系结构已经很好地建立起来。经过训练,该模型的分割准确率达到90%,分类准确率达到98%。基于SD-OST图像的自动定位和分类将允许最准确地确定2RT激光治疗的适应症。这将大大减轻医生的负担,使诊断更容易获得。
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引用次数: 0
Topological Properties of Reflection Zeros of Optical Differentiators Based on Layered Metal-Dielectric-Metal Structures 基于层状金属-介电-金属结构的光学微分器反射零的拓扑性质
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700607
A. I. Kashapov, E. A. Bezus, D. A. Bykov, A. A. Mingazov, L. L. Doskolovich

We investigate the topological properties of reflection zeros of three-layer structures consisting of a dielectric layer sandwiched between two metal layers, which can be used as optical differentiators. We show that the reflection zeros possess non-zero topological charges, which makes them topologically protected. With a small perturbation of the parameters of the structure (e.g., a change in one of the layer thicknesses), the reflection zero does not disappear, but shifts in the parameter space, i.e., appears at different wavelength and angle of incidence. We demonstrate that with a further parameter change, two zeros with opposite topological charges (+1 and –1) approach each other, merge, and then disappear. We believe that the obtained results give useful insight regarding the operation of layered metal-dielectric-metal structures possessing reflection zeros.

本文研究了由介电层夹在两层金属层之间组成的三层结构的反射零的拓扑性质,该结构可以用作光学微分器。我们证明了反射零具有非零的拓扑电荷,这使得它们具有拓扑保护。当结构参数受到微小的扰动(如其中一层厚度发生变化)时,反射零不会消失,而是在参数空间中发生位移,即在不同的波长和入射角处出现。我们证明,随着参数的进一步变化,两个具有相反拓扑电荷(+1和-1)的零彼此接近,合并,然后消失。我们认为所得结果对具有反射零的层状金属-介电-金属结构的操作提供了有用的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Atmospheric Turbulence on the Topological Charge of the Superposition of Optical Vortices 大气湍流对光学涡旋叠加拓扑电荷的影响
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X2470053X
D. O. Shilov, E. S. Kozlova, E. A. Kadomina

The paper considers beams in the form of geometric progression of optical vortices. Numerical modelling of the propagation of such optical fields in turbulent media is simulated using the Fresnel integral. The topological charges of the initial and resulting fields have been calculated. As expected, the analysis of the obtained results showed that superpositions with a smaller number of beams are more resistant to distortions by strongly turbulent media. However, in the case of a superposition in the form of a geometric progression with a parameter, the stability of beam propagation is affected not only by the medium parameters, but also by the parameters of the superposition.

本文以光涡旋几何级数的形式考虑光束。利用菲涅耳积分模拟了这种光场在湍流介质中的传播。计算了初始场和结果场的拓扑电荷。正如预期的那样,对得到的结果的分析表明,光束数量较少的叠加态更能抵抗强湍流介质的畸变。然而,在具有参数的几何级数形式的叠加情况下,光束传播的稳定性不仅受介质参数的影响,而且受叠加参数的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Diffractive Optical Elements for Multi-Channel Atmospheric Communication Systems in the Visible and Near-IR Ranges 可见光和近红外多通道大气通信系统的衍射光学元件
IF 1 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1060992X24700504
N. A. Ivliev

Currently, wireless laser communication technologies demonstrate high throughput, but the implemented communication systems are not widely used. This feature is due to the low reliability of the communication channels being formed. Recent technological developments have shown successful results in the field of sealing and increasing the noise immunity of communication channels. Therefore, this paper presents a review of modern achievements in the field of multichannel atmospheric optical communication in the visible and near–infrared ranges. The advantages of using diffraction optical elements (DOE) in such systems, which form vortex beams of laser radiation with the required amplitude-phase structure for multiplexing tasks and increasing the noise immunity of information channels, are shown.

目前,无线激光通信技术具有较高的吞吐量,但所实现的通信系统尚未得到广泛应用。这种特性是由于所形成的通信信道的可靠性较低。最近的技术发展在密封和提高通信信道的抗噪性方面取得了成功的成果。因此,本文对多通道大气光通信在可见光和近红外波段的研究进展进行了综述。在该系统中使用衍射光学元件(DOE)可以形成具有所需幅相结构的激光辐射涡旋光束,用于复用任务,并提高信息通道的抗噪声性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Optical Memory and Neural Networks
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