Biological psychiatry global open science最新文献

{"title":"Causal Effects of Enhanced Parenting on Resting-State Graph Properties of Adolescents at Risk for Maltreatment","authors":"Marta Korom ,&nbsp;Mary Dozier ,&nbsp;Hung-Wei Bernie Chen ,&nbsp;Elisa Macera ,&nbsp;Nim Tottenham ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Spielberg","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In this study, we investigated the sustained causal effects of enhanced early caregiving quality on adolescent brain network properties approximately 11 years after families received an attachment-based parenting intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants included 60 adolescents whose parents were referred by Child Protective Services (CPS) because of risk for child maltreatment and 35 adolescents from families without a CPS history (total <em>N</em> = 95). CPS-involved families were randomly assigned to either the target intervention (Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up [ABC]) (<em>n</em> = 31) or a control intervention (Developmental Education for Families [DEF]) (<em>n</em> = 29) before the infants turned 2. During adolescence (mean_age = 13.4 years, SD = 0.37), participants underwent a 6-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Graph-theoretical analyses were completed with intervention status as the group-level predictor of interest. Adolescents who received the ABC intervention exhibited distinct global and local network properties compared with the DEF group. The ABC group demonstrated lower current-flow global efficiency and more hierarchical structure, indicating intervention-driven modulation of connectome-wide neurodevelopmental outcomes. Node-specific analyses also indicated intervention effects on clustering coefficients and communicability distances in frontal, limbic, and parietal cortices, suggesting nuanced effects of early interventions on local network properties. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed associations between brain network metrics and externalizing symptoms in the DEF group—indicative of neurobiological risk—that were absent in the ABC and low-risk groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results suggest that the ABC intervention causally shapes the development of the resting-state connectome and associated regulatory health, offering insights into the neural pathways through which early enhanced care may get under the skin of at-risk adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism and the Mind: Investigating the Link Between Glucose Control and Reinforcement Learning in Humans","authors":"Hugo Fleming ,&nbsp;Martyna K. Stasiak ,&nbsp;Isabel Lau ,&nbsp;Annalise Whines ,&nbsp;Sara Z. Mehrhof ,&nbsp;Camilla L. Nord","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Signals from the body profoundly influence cognition. This process is known as interoception, and has been extensively studied in the cardiac, respiratory, and gastric domains; in contrast, metabolic influences remain poorly understood. Here, we focus on the link between glucose control and cognition, motivated by the observation that there is substantial, unexplained comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and depression. In rodents, insulin modulates dopamine signaling in the ventral striatum. We therefore hypothesized that, in humans, differences in glucose control would be associated with altered reward learning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To test this hypothesis, we recruited 48 participants from the general population, who each completed a glucose tolerance test, a monetary reward learning task known to relate to dopamine function, and mental health questionnaires. We fitted an established reinforcement learning model to the task data to obtain computational parameters characterizing participants’ learning, and then examined the associations between these parameters and their glucose control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We discovered that poorer glucose control was associated with greater reliance on recent rewards during learning, which was in turn associated with higher levels of depression symptoms. There was also more modest evidence for the association between glucose control and depression symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Together, our results identify a specific neurocognitive process, reward learning, by which metabolic information may influence cognition, and which may explain the link between metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assortative Mating Across the Full Spectrum of Mental Disorders: A Nationwide Finnish Register Study","authors":"Kateryna Golovina ,&nbsp;Mai Gutvilig ,&nbsp;Ripsa Niemi ,&nbsp;Christian Hakulinen","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous research has shown assortative mating across various psychiatric disorders; however, their definitions of partnership have often been limited, and the timing of relationship formation has been imprecise. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively examine assortative mating across the full spectrum of mental disorders using population-wide register data from Finland that include information on the formation of both marriages and cohabiting unions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used nationwide data on all cohabitations and marriages between 2000 and 2020 from the Finnish Population Register (<em>n</em> = 1,271,242 partnerships). Broad and specific categories of mental disorder diagnoses were retrieved from both primary and secondary health care registers in Finland. We calculated tetrachoric correlations between partners’ mental disorder diagnoses, considering only diagnoses received before the start of cohabitation or marriage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Assortative mating was observed across the full spectrum of mental disorders, with the strongest within-disorder correlations for schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, organic mental disorders, and intellectual disabilities (<em>r</em> &gt; 0.50). Moderate correlations were found for mood and anxiety disorders. Adjusting for birth decade and excluding comorbidities slightly attenuated the associations but did not change the overall patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggests that assortative mating is prevalent in mental disorders. Assortative mating may contribute to the transmission and clustering of mental disorders within families, highlighting the importance of considering partner selection in mental health research and policy making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NO Time to Die: Nitric Oxide’s Ongoing Relevance in Mental Disorders","authors":"Florian Freudenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100611","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neurocircuitry of Cannabis Cue Reactivity in Cannabis Use Disorder: A Functional Neuroimaging Study","authors":"Valentina Lorenzetti ,&nbsp;Hannah Sehl ,&nbsp;Arush Honnedevasthana Arun ,&nbsp;Eugene McTavish ,&nbsp;Adam Clemente ,&nbsp;Hannah Thomson ,&nbsp;Marianna Quinones-Valera ,&nbsp;Alexandra Gaillard ,&nbsp;Emillie Beyer ,&nbsp;Diny Thomson ,&nbsp;Janna Cousijn ,&nbsp;Izelle Labuschagne ,&nbsp;Peter Rendell ,&nbsp;Gill Terrett ,&nbsp;Chao Suo ,&nbsp;Lisa-Marie Greenwood ,&nbsp;Victoria Manning ,&nbsp;Govinda Poudel","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A common feature of cannabis use disorder (CUD) is an intense reactivity to cannabis cues, which are becoming increasingly visible due to the growth in its decriminalization, accessibility, and marketing of cannabis products. The brain’s automatic reactivity to cannabis cues can trigger craving and subsequent use. In this study, we aimed to test neural activity during cannabis cue reactivity in non–treatment-seeking individuals with moderate-to-severe CUD and past attempts to cut down/quit.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study examined 65 individuals with moderate-to-severe CUD and 43 control participants, with a functional magnetic resonance imaging cannabis cue-reactivity task and assessment of mental health and substance use as well as cognitive testing. Group differences in neural responses to cannabis cue reactivity were examined, adjusting for age and sex; correlations with cannabis use characteristics and mental health variables were assessed, accounting for recent substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with control participants, individuals with CUD showed greater brain activity during cannabis cue reactivity in the superior/middle occipital, medial/lateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior/posterior cingulate, cerebellar, hippocampus, and middle temporal and lateral parietal cortices (<em>p</em> &lt; .05; cluster <em>k</em> &gt; 10, familywise error corrected). Greater occipital/cerebellar activity correlated with greater subjective arousal toward cannabis images and cannabis withdrawal scores, while anterior cingulate/inferior parietal activity negatively correlated with urinary level of 11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol:creatinine (<em>p</em>s &lt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exposure to cannabis cues can elicit greater activity within salience evaluation/attention, motivation, and disinhibition pathways of addiction neurocircuitry in people with moderate-to-severe CUD, consistent with prominent neuroscientific theories of addiction and findings with other substances. Interventions that can suppress brain activity in salience and attention circuits during cannabis cue reactivity may help reduce craving and subsequent use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial of the Effects of Escitalopram on Depressive Symptoms and Immune Function in People With HIV","authors":"Dwight L. Evans ,&nbsp;Sergei Spitsin ,&nbsp;Kevin G. Lynch ,&nbsp;Chelsea D. Voytek ,&nbsp;Menvekeh G. Daramay ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Hembree ,&nbsp;Danielle Fiore ,&nbsp;Robert Gross ,&nbsp;J. Cobb Scott ,&nbsp;Steven D. Douglas ,&nbsp;Michael E. Thase","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study was a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and improvement in depressive symptoms on innate immunity and inflammation in people with HIV (PWH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The mean 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) score at baseline was 19.1 for the sample (<em>N</em> = 108). Eligible participants were randomized to 10 weeks of double-blind therapy with either SSRI (escitalopram) or placebo. All participants concurrently received computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT). Peripheral blood was obtained from each participant at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 10, and intracellular interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in natural killer (NK) cells, lytic units per 10⁷ NK cells (LUNKs), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants showed substantial reduction in depressive symptoms during study with final HAMD-17 score of 8.00 (average decrease of 11.0 units). However, there was no statistically significant effect of treatment, whether viewed as a group × time interaction (<em>F</em>_1,166 = 0.00, <em>p</em> = .976) or as a main effect for group (<em>F</em>_1,667 = 0.50, <em>p</em> = .479). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on the immune parameters over time. There was little evidence that the magnitude of symptom improvement was associated with changes in immune measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study did not demonstrate superiority of treatment with SSRI+CCBT versus placebo+CCBT. Patients in both arms showed improvement of depression symptoms, which did not correlate with changes in immune markers. We found no evidence of decreased inflammation (IL-6, CRP) or immune restoration (LUNKs or intracellular IFN-γ) following treatment with CCBT with or without active escitalopram. While antidepressant treatment is indicated for PWH with depression, we observed no evidence of direct immunologic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Blunting and Time Estimation in Depression","authors":"Francesca Mura ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Catrambone ,&nbsp;Gaetano Valenza ,&nbsp;Virginie Van Wassenhove ,&nbsp;Giovanna Mioni ,&nbsp;Claudio Gentili","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Various cognitive and emotional factors shape our perception of time. Notably, individuals experiencing depressive symptoms often report changes in their time perception, characterized by a phenomenon termed depressive time dilation, or a subjective slowing of temporal flow. However, research on this topic has yielded conflicting and inconclusive findings, leaving the mechanisms behind altered time perception in depression largely unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the neural dynamics underlying the influence of emotional experiences on time perception in relation to depressive symptomatology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 120 university students participated in a retrospective time estimation task after watching either sad or neutral emotion-eliciting videos. Moreover, participants’ electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded for the whole duration of the experiment by means of a high-density EEG cap. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings revealed notable differences between individuals with depressive symptoms and healthy control individuals. Specifically, emotional modulation influenced time estimations exclusively in healthy control individuals. Moreover, individuals with depressive symptoms exhibited a significant relationship between beta band power and retrospective time estimations, specifically after watching the neutral video.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that cognitive processes related to depression may disrupt the link between emotions and time perception. Overall, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between emotional experience, cognitive processes, and time perception in individuals with depressive symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-Induced Dysregulation of the Guidance Cue Receptor DCC Alters Corticolimbic Circuit Architecture","authors":"Ashraf Mahmud ,&nbsp;Giovanni Hernandez ,&nbsp;Fatme Abboud ,&nbsp;Cecilia Flores","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Elevated expression of the guidance cue receptor gene <em>DCC</em> in the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a hallmark of major depressive disorder. DCC receptors regulate neuronal connectivity and plasticity in adulthood. In male mice, <em>Dcc</em> knockout in the PFC promotes resilience to behavioral dysregulation following chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), whereas <em>Dcc</em> upregulation increases susceptibility. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We combined CSDS, behavioral tests (i.e., social interaction, nestlet shredding, and dark-light tests), retrograde neuronal tracing, and quantitative neuroanatomical analysis in adult male mice (<em>N</em> = 90) to investigate whether DCC receptors contribute to stress susceptibility/resilience by remodeling dendritic spine architecture of selective PFC neuronal networks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CSDS reduced both mature and newly formed spines on the apical, but not basal, dendrites of PFC pyramidal neurons. This effect was prevented by downregulating DCC receptors in these neurons, a manipulation that also prevented depression-like behaviors, suggesting a mechanistic link. DCC-expressing neurons in the PFC predominantly projected to the nucleus accumbens, and social defeat stress induced dendritic spine loss specifically in projections from the infralimbic PFC. Notably, knockout of DCC receptors in infralimbic PFC neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens shell protected against stress-induced social avoidance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DCC receptors may influence susceptibility or resilience to social stress–induced depression-like behaviors by altering the apical dendritic architecture of PFC pyramidal neurons, particularly those projecting to the nucleus accumbens shell. This mechanism may be at play in the neurobiology of depression, pointing to DCC receptors as promising therapeutic targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Links Between Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Brain Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques: A Narrative Review","authors":"Priscila Dib Gonçalves ,&nbsp;James O. Woodruff ,&nbsp;Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro ,&nbsp;Milenna T. van Dijk ,&nbsp;Emilie Bruzelius ,&nbsp;Silvia S. Martins ,&nbsp;Gretchen Bandoli ,&nbsp;Alexandra Potter ,&nbsp;Leigh-Anne Cioffredi ,&nbsp;Ardesheer Talati ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Albaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the impact of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) on brain development is increasingly important given rising cannabis use during pregnancy. Many existing reviews on this topic are more than 5 years old and may not reflect recent social shifts that could impact cannabis use during pregnancy; they also have not utilized the recently available large longitudinal datasets for more robust and population-representative investigations. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an updated and expanded examination of the associations between PCE and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based brain outcomes from in utero development to adolescence. We included studies published after 2019 that used at least one of the following measures: structural MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, resting-state fMRI, and/or task-based fMRI. Across 9 studies that met criteria, 1 study focused on MRI outcomes in utero, 2 in infancy, and 6 in early adolescence, and only 3 studies included MRI and behavior outcomes. PCE was linked to differences in frontal, parietal, and temporal areas, spanning from in utero to adolescence across multiple MRI modalities. However, in the current state of the literature, detecting a consistent trend on PCE’s impact on MRI findings was not possible. Furthermore, we found several divergences in study design: varying approaches to assessment (e.g., self-report vs. urine toxicology); difficulties in accounting for prenatal exposure to multiple substances; limited information on timing, frequency, potency, or mode of consumption; and the influence of parental or postnatal factors. Future research should implement designs that can rigorously capture the abovementioned elements to permit replication and eventual meta-analyses on this critical topic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiology and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cue Craving: Potential Biomarkers for Therapeutic Neuromodulation in Addiction","authors":"Jody Tanabe ,&nbsp;Jordan Hickman ,&nbsp;Andy Tekriwal ,&nbsp;Joseph Sakai ,&nbsp;Aviva Abosch ,&nbsp;Steven Ojemann ,&nbsp;Joseph P. Schacht ,&nbsp;John A. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major goal for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is the reduction of drug craving, which contributes to continued drug use and relapse. Pathological craving is thought to reflect dysfunction in neural networks, sparking a growing interest in modulating the mesocorticolimbic reward and related networks to decrease craving and improve outcomes. Although initial studies of neuromodulation in SUDs have produced promising results, biomarkers for craving remain elusive. Advances in deep brain stimulation (DBS) now allow recording of local field potentials (LFPs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the central hub of the reward circuit, thus paving the way for a novel LFP biomarker for craving. Insights into mechanistic models of craving that relate localized electrophysiology to distributed circuit activity are in the earliest stages. At the same time, performing invasive DBS surgery on individuals with SUD is a formidable challenge and underscores the need to refine our understanding of noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)–defined network biomarkers of craving. Here, we review the literature on LFPs and single-unit neural activity during craving and reward, highlighting recent findings of craving-related NAc LFPs in humans. Next, we review fMRI studies of cue craving in the context of potential neuromodulation targets based on a triple network model. Third, we briefly review relationships between electrophysiology and fMRI in general. Lastly, we suggest future research directions that integrate neuromodulation, electrophysiological recording, and neuroimaging to improve our understanding of craving in SUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}