Opu Chandra Debanath, Md. Aftabur Rahman, Sultan Mohammad Farook, Mohammed Russedul Islam
The expansive soil swells significantly in the presence of moisture, which often leads to the failure of superstructures. Conventional stabilization techniques are applied in many instances, although environmental issues are of significant concern for such stabilization. Keeping this in mind, an attempt is made to apply a new approach for stabilizing different types of expansive soils, treated with a nonconventional binder geopolymer that utilizes fly ash as the main ingredient. A series of laboratory experiments are run to determine the engineering properties of treated soils with varying percentages of geopolymer from 0% to 30%. The experimental investigation involved tests such as unconfined compressive strength, compaction, Atterberg limits, and swelling pressure. Significant strength development occurs with increasing percentages of geopolymer, and their swelling pressures decrease considerably. Additionally, a series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were undertaken to assess the suitability for road construction. The optimum dosage of the stabilizing agent is found to be 20%, as justified by studies in the literature. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images of the treated samples revealed microstructural changes in the soil matrix, which strongly correlate with the improvement of strength and swelling behavior. Hence, based on our experimental results, 20% geopolymer content is sufficient for enhancing the engineering properties of expansive soils, and the treated soils can directly be used as subgrade or sub-base material.
{"title":"Application of Ecofriendly Geopolymer Binder to Enhance the Strength and Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils","authors":"Opu Chandra Debanath, Md. Aftabur Rahman, Sultan Mohammad Farook, Mohammed Russedul Islam","doi":"10.1155/2024/9910728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9910728","url":null,"abstract":"The expansive soil swells significantly in the presence of moisture, which often leads to the failure of superstructures. Conventional stabilization techniques are applied in many instances, although environmental issues are of significant concern for such stabilization. Keeping this in mind, an attempt is made to apply a new approach for stabilizing different types of expansive soils, treated with a nonconventional binder geopolymer that utilizes fly ash as the main ingredient. A series of laboratory experiments are run to determine the engineering properties of treated soils with varying percentages of geopolymer from 0% to 30%. The experimental investigation involved tests such as unconfined compressive strength, compaction, Atterberg limits, and swelling pressure. Significant strength development occurs with increasing percentages of geopolymer, and their swelling pressures decrease considerably. Additionally, a series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were undertaken to assess the suitability for road construction. The optimum dosage of the stabilizing agent is found to be 20%, as justified by studies in the literature. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images of the treated samples revealed microstructural changes in the soil matrix, which strongly correlate with the improvement of strength and swelling behavior. Hence, based on our experimental results, 20% geopolymer content is sufficient for enhancing the engineering properties of expansive soils, and the treated soils can directly be used as subgrade or sub-base material.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compressive strength of concrete is an important parameter in the design of concrete structures and the prediction of their durability. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict the compressive strength of concrete. In this study, a fully connected neural network model is developed using the PyTorch framework to predict the compressive strength of concrete and compared with six other machine learning models. These models are multiple linear regression, K-nearest neighbor regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, light gradient boosting machine, and artificial neural network. The model is trained using 4,253 data with seven input parameters, including cement (C), fly ash (F), mineral powder (K), fine aggregate (FA), coarse aggregate (CA), water reducer admixture (WRA), and water (W). Three thousand six hundred twenty-one data in the datasets are used to train the prediction model after data cleaning, and 632 data are used to validate the model. The results show that the fully connected neural network model based on PyTorch frame can predict the compressive strength of concrete with higher accuracy. Therefore, it is a reliable and useful method to optimize the artificial network model. So, it has important application value in practice. The strength of concrete can be predicted in advance, making the project more efficient and reducing costs. Besides, by adjusting the mix ratio, combining the strength prediction results in different environments and industries to ensure the quality of construction.
{"title":"Application of Fully Connected Neural Network-Based PyTorch in Concrete Compressive Strength Prediction","authors":"Xuwei Dong, Yang Liu, Jinpeng Dai","doi":"10.1155/2024/8048645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8048645","url":null,"abstract":"Compressive strength of concrete is an important parameter in the design of concrete structures and the prediction of their durability. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict the compressive strength of concrete. In this study, a fully connected neural network model is developed using the PyTorch framework to predict the compressive strength of concrete and compared with six other machine learning models. These models are multiple linear regression, K-nearest neighbor regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, light gradient boosting machine, and artificial neural network. The model is trained using 4,253 data with seven input parameters, including cement (C), fly ash (F), mineral powder (K), fine aggregate (FA), coarse aggregate (CA), water reducer admixture (WRA), and water (W). Three thousand six hundred twenty-one data in the datasets are used to train the prediction model after data cleaning, and 632 data are used to validate the model. The results show that the fully connected neural network model based on PyTorch frame can predict the compressive strength of concrete with higher accuracy. Therefore, it is a reliable and useful method to optimize the artificial network model. So, it has important application value in practice. The strength of concrete can be predicted in advance, making the project more efficient and reducing costs. Besides, by adjusting the mix ratio, combining the strength prediction results in different environments and industries to ensure the quality of construction.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangmei Chen, Yongqiang Ren, Baoli Tang, Guohui Yang
To improve the strength of red sandstone roadbed and elevate the utilization rate of solid waste materials, this study explored the enhancement of red sandstone using three types of solid waste materials: slag-micronized powder, fly ash, and waste incineration bottom ash. The mechanical properties of various solid waste materials, including compaction, unconfined compressive strength, and disintegration test results, were evaluated to assess the enhancement of red sandstone. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the microstructural alterations induced by these materials. The results indicated that the optimal moisture content of fly ash-improved soil and slag micropowder-improved soil gradually increased, whereas the maximum dry density decreased with an increase in the solid waste material admixture. At an 11% dosage of waste incineration bottom ash, the maximum unconfined compressive strength reached 2,386 kPa. The soil–water characteristic curves for the different solid waste materials exhibited a similar overall trend. Notably, the disintegration rate significantly slowed at a 9% dosage of fly ash, whereas at 11% dosage of waste incineration bottom ash, the disintegration rate nearly reached 0%, demonstrating optimal improvement effects. This suggested that the bottom ash effectively enhanced the water stability performance of red sandstone and increased its resistance to disintegration. Microscopic analysis revealed that slag micropowder and fly ash were comparatively less effective in enhancing red sandstone. The waste incineration bottom ash efficiently generated substantial cementitious material to fill pores. In summary, employing 11% waste incineration bottom ash was recommended to enhance red sandstone in practical roadbed improvement projects.
{"title":"Influence of Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Red Sandstone Modified by Different Solid Waste Materials","authors":"Xiangmei Chen, Yongqiang Ren, Baoli Tang, Guohui Yang","doi":"10.1155/2024/8980592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8980592","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the strength of red sandstone roadbed and elevate the utilization rate of solid waste materials, this study explored the enhancement of red sandstone using three types of solid waste materials: slag-micronized powder, fly ash, and waste incineration bottom ash. The mechanical properties of various solid waste materials, including compaction, unconfined compressive strength, and disintegration test results, were evaluated to assess the enhancement of red sandstone. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the microstructural alterations induced by these materials. The results indicated that the optimal moisture content of fly ash-improved soil and slag micropowder-improved soil gradually increased, whereas the maximum dry density decreased with an increase in the solid waste material admixture. At an 11% dosage of waste incineration bottom ash, the maximum unconfined compressive strength reached 2,386 kPa. The soil–water characteristic curves for the different solid waste materials exhibited a similar overall trend. Notably, the disintegration rate significantly slowed at a 9% dosage of fly ash, whereas at 11% dosage of waste incineration bottom ash, the disintegration rate nearly reached 0%, demonstrating optimal improvement effects. This suggested that the bottom ash effectively enhanced the water stability performance of red sandstone and increased its resistance to disintegration. Microscopic analysis revealed that slag micropowder and fly ash were comparatively less effective in enhancing red sandstone. The waste incineration bottom ash efficiently generated substantial cementitious material to fill pores. In summary, employing 11% waste incineration bottom ash was recommended to enhance red sandstone in practical roadbed improvement projects.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aman Tiwari, Nitin Dindorkar, Suneet Kaur, Ankit Chakravarti
Before beginning construction on any civil structure, it is imperative to conduct a soil investigation to determine the soil’s parameters and to learn about the subsoil’s behavior. A thorough analysis must be performed, taking into account the foundation’s cost-effectiveness and any potential overdesign. In the early stages of a soil investigation, geophysical testing is used to find out about the subsurface. This is because geophysical tests are fast, easy to do, do not cause damage, and are cost-effective. In this study, subsurface profiling is performed using the inverse slope approach after resistivity tests are performed at numerous sites on varying terrain types. We generate a subsurface profile using inverse slope electrical resistivity testing and compare it with bore log data to identify any discrepancies. The results of the inverse slope method and the bore log data are comparable at different depths; further, the range of agreement of both results is determined by Bland–Altman analysis.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Subsurface Profile Using Bore Log Data and Geophysical Method at Mandideep Region, India","authors":"Aman Tiwari, Nitin Dindorkar, Suneet Kaur, Ankit Chakravarti","doi":"10.1155/2024/7499330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7499330","url":null,"abstract":"Before beginning construction on any civil structure, it is imperative to conduct a soil investigation to determine the soil’s parameters and to learn about the subsoil’s behavior. A thorough analysis must be performed, taking into account the foundation’s cost-effectiveness and any potential overdesign. In the early stages of a soil investigation, geophysical testing is used to find out about the subsurface. This is because geophysical tests are fast, easy to do, do not cause damage, and are cost-effective. In this study, subsurface profiling is performed using the inverse slope approach after resistivity tests are performed at numerous sites on varying terrain types. We generate a subsurface profile using inverse slope electrical resistivity testing and compare it with bore log data to identify any discrepancies. The results of the inverse slope method and the bore log data are comparable at different depths; further, the range of agreement of both results is determined by Bland–Altman analysis.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aman Alok, Avijit Burman, Pijush Samui, Mosbeh R. Kaloop, Mohamed Eldessouki
Limit equilibrium (LE) method is the most widely used method for slope stability analysis. Different methods based on the LE technique for the analysis of the stability of the slope have been developed. Some are based on satisfying the force equilibrium condition of the failing mass (Janbu’s method), while some focus on satisfying the moment equilibrium condition (Bishop’s method). Among these methods, the most accurate result is provided by the Morgenstern–Price method as it not only satisfies both moments as well as a force equilibrium condition but also considers the interslice shear forces (Vi) and interslice normal forces (Ei), which are neglected by most of the LE methods to avoid the condition of indeterminacy. To accommodate these forces, Morgenstern–Price (MP) gave a relation between the Vi and Ei which depends upon a scaling multiplier (λ). Thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate λ value along with the factor of safety (FS). There is barely any work discussing the detailed methodology of evaluation of λ along with FS. Method for obtaining λ along with FS have been developed and elaborated in details here. While calculating FS (MP method), evaluation of Ei is a must which is dependent upon the values of normal force at the base of each slice (Ni) and FS, which itself is dependent upon the value of Ei, making it a loop of interdependent variables. To avoid this interdependency of above stated variables, a separate formulation of Ei is given which reduces the calculations (run-time) involved. A VBA code-based platform has also been developed incorporating the generalized LE method, including Bishop’s, Janbu’s, and Morgenstern–Price methods which are represented in the form of flowcharts in this work.
极限平衡法（LE）是斜坡稳定性分析中应用最广泛的方法。基于极限平衡法的边坡稳定性分析方法多种多样。有些方法基于满足失效质量的力平衡条件（Janbu 法），而有些方法则侧重于满足力矩平衡条件（Bishop 法）。在这些方法中，Morgenstern-Price 方法提供的结果最为精确，因为它不仅满足力矩和力平衡条件，还考虑了片间剪力 (Vi) 和片间法向力 (Ei)。为了适应这些力，摩根斯特恩-普莱斯（MP）给出了 Vi 和 Ei 之间的关系，该关系取决于比例乘数 (λ)。因此，有必要对 λ 值和安全系数 (FS) 进行评估。目前几乎没有任何研究在讨论安全系数的同时评估 λ 的详细方法。在此，我们开发并详细阐述了获取 λ 和 FS 的方法。在计算 FS（MP 方法）时，必须对 Ei 进行评估，而 Ei 取决于每个切片底部的法向力（Ni）值和 FS 值，FS 本身又取决于 Ei 值，这就形成了一个相互依赖的变量循环。为了避免上述变量之间的相互依赖关系，我们对 Ei 进行了单独计算，从而减少了计算量（运行时间）。此外，还开发了一个基于 VBA 代码的平台，其中包含广义的 LE 方法，包括 Bishop 方法、Janbu 方法和 Morgenstern-Price 方法。
{"title":"A Generalized Limit Equilibrium-Based Platform Incorporating Simplified Bishop, Janbu and Morgenstern–Price Methods for Soil Slope Stability Problems","authors":"Aman Alok, Avijit Burman, Pijush Samui, Mosbeh R. Kaloop, Mohamed Eldessouki","doi":"10.1155/2024/3053923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3053923","url":null,"abstract":"Limit equilibrium (LE) method is the most widely used method for slope stability analysis. Different methods based on the LE technique for the analysis of the stability of the slope have been developed. Some are based on satisfying the force equilibrium condition of the failing mass (Janbu’s method), while some focus on satisfying the moment equilibrium condition (Bishop’s method). Among these methods, the most accurate result is provided by the Morgenstern–Price method as it not only satisfies both moments as well as a force equilibrium condition but also considers the interslice shear forces (<i>V</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>) and interslice normal forces (<i>E</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>), which are neglected by most of the LE methods to avoid the condition of indeterminacy. To accommodate these forces, Morgenstern–Price (MP) gave a relation between the <i>V</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> and <i>E</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> which depends upon a scaling multiplier (<i>λ</i>). Thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate <i>λ</i> value along with the factor of safety (<i>FS</i>). There is barely any work discussing the detailed methodology of evaluation of <i>λ</i> along with <i>FS</i>. Method for obtaining <i>λ</i> along with <i>FS</i> have been developed and elaborated in details here. While calculating <i>FS</i> (MP method), evaluation of <i>E</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> is a must which is dependent upon the values of normal force at the base of each slice (<i>N</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>) and <i>FS</i>, which itself is dependent upon the value of <i>E</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>, making it a loop of interdependent variables. To avoid this interdependency of above stated variables, a separate formulation of <i>E</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> is given which reduces the calculations (run-time) involved. A VBA code-based platform has also been developed incorporating the generalized LE method, including Bishop’s, Janbu’s, and Morgenstern–Price methods which are represented in the form of flowcharts in this work.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiola D. Yépez-Rincón, Adrián L. Ferriño Fierro, Andrea N. Escobedo Tamez, Víctor H. Guerra Cobián, Olmo E. Pinedo Sandoval, Jorge H. Chávez Gómez, Luis C. Alatorre Cejudo, Saied Pirasteh
Reservoirs are highly relevant infrastructure assets, and now, more than ever, they play an essential role in society’s welfare and national security. Their importance is related to regional socioeconomic development due to their capacity to store water for different uses, such as human consumption, agricultural irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric energy production, among other important services. However, many reservoirs are reaching the end of their period of life, and others are showing undesired displacements and cracking. Four 3D surveys were conducted on a reservoir that serves the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey City in Mexico. These surveys were carried out over a period of 5 years using GNSS observation to assist in understanding the actual dam kinematics, i.e., the behavior of its longitudinal and transversal displacements and the possible correlation with the reservoir level. The high-precision leveling and close-range remote sensing data were assessed and then mapped. The high-precision geodetic and leveling techniques allowed us to locate and measure 84 established permanent control points with errors of about ± 0.003 m. The mapping of displacements was made possible by modeling the positive and negative translations. The highest uplifts (11 mm) occurred at the left riverbank, and the highest subsidences (−5 mm) occurred along the downstream piers from the middle of the dam crest to the right riverbank. A ground laser scanner (GLS) produced 3D digital models with geometrical and radiometric characteristics, detecting displacements among the dam crest elements. The synergy of GNSS and high-leveling techniques allows the possibility to measure displacements, while the use of geographical information system (GIS) and geomatic techniques allows a better visualization through 2D and 3D maps validated using traditional topographical methods.
{"title":"Mapping Longitudinal and Transverse Displacements of a Dam Crest Based on the Synergy of High-Precision Remote Sensing","authors":"Fabiola D. Yépez-Rincón, Adrián L. Ferriño Fierro, Andrea N. Escobedo Tamez, Víctor H. Guerra Cobián, Olmo E. Pinedo Sandoval, Jorge H. Chávez Gómez, Luis C. Alatorre Cejudo, Saied Pirasteh","doi":"10.1155/2024/6220245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6220245","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoirs are highly relevant infrastructure assets, and now, more than ever, they play an essential role in society’s welfare and national security. Their importance is related to regional socioeconomic development due to their capacity to store water for different uses, such as human consumption, agricultural irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric energy production, among other important services. However, many reservoirs are reaching the end of their period of life, and others are showing undesired displacements and cracking. Four 3D surveys were conducted on a reservoir that serves the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey City in Mexico. These surveys were carried out over a period of 5 years using GNSS observation to assist in understanding the actual dam kinematics, i.e., the behavior of its longitudinal and transversal displacements and the possible correlation with the reservoir level. The high-precision leveling and close-range remote sensing data were assessed and then mapped. The high-precision geodetic and leveling techniques allowed us to locate and measure 84 established permanent control points with errors of about ± 0.003 m. The mapping of displacements was made possible by modeling the positive and negative translations. The highest uplifts (11 mm) occurred at the left riverbank, and the highest subsidences (−5 mm) occurred along the downstream piers from the middle of the dam crest to the right riverbank. A ground laser scanner (GLS) produced 3D digital models with geometrical and radiometric characteristics, detecting displacements among the dam crest elements. The synergy of GNSS and high-leveling techniques allows the possibility to measure displacements, while the use of geographical information system (GIS) and geomatic techniques allows a better visualization through 2D and 3D maps validated using traditional topographical methods.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the impact of wetting and drying cycles on teff straw ash-stabilized expansive soil, with a focus on enhancing its mechanical properties for road subgrade applications. Expansive soil, characterized by continuous swell and shrink behavior, undergoes cyclic testing to establish equilibrium and critical density. The mitigating effects of teff straw ash on soil damage and its influence on expansive soil’s mechanical attributes are investigated. Laboratory results classify natural expansive soil as A-7-5 and CH according to AASHTO and USCS standards, respectively. Using a one-dimensional odometer apparatus, six wetting–drying cycles are conducted on teff straw ash-stabilized expansive soil to observe its behavior at equilibrium. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a disordered bond between soil particles and teff straw ash, intensifying with increased wetting–drying cycles. X-ray diffraction analysis is performed on samples subjected to different curing times, indicating heightened cation exchange and pozzolanic reactions as curing duration increases, thereby reducing soil expansiveness. A 96-hr socked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test assesses subgrade strength. The CBR values for natural soil fall below the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) standards for low-volume roads. In contrast, expansive soil stabilized with teff straw ash at 10%, 15%, and 20% exhibits substantial increases in CBR values (3.7, 6.7, and 8.9, respectively), meeting the ERA standards. This suggests that teff straw ash stabilization renders expansive soil suitable for low-volume road subgrades, aligning with ERA standards. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the potential use of teff straw ash as an effective stabilizer for expansive soils, offering sustainable solutions for road construction in regions characterized by expansive soil challenges.
{"title":"Effect of Wetting and Drying Cycle on the Behavior of Teff Straw Ash-Stabilized Expansive Soil","authors":"Sisay Birhanu Moges, Eleyas Assefa, S. M. Assefa","doi":"10.1155/2024/8034380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8034380","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of wetting and drying cycles on teff straw ash-stabilized expansive soil, with a focus on enhancing its mechanical properties for road subgrade applications. Expansive soil, characterized by continuous swell and shrink behavior, undergoes cyclic testing to establish equilibrium and critical density. The mitigating effects of teff straw ash on soil damage and its influence on expansive soil’s mechanical attributes are investigated. Laboratory results classify natural expansive soil as A-7-5 and CH according to AASHTO and USCS standards, respectively. Using a one-dimensional odometer apparatus, six wetting–drying cycles are conducted on teff straw ash-stabilized expansive soil to observe its behavior at equilibrium. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a disordered bond between soil particles and teff straw ash, intensifying with increased wetting–drying cycles. X-ray diffraction analysis is performed on samples subjected to different curing times, indicating heightened cation exchange and pozzolanic reactions as curing duration increases, thereby reducing soil expansiveness. A 96-hr socked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test assesses subgrade strength. The CBR values for natural soil fall below the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) standards for low-volume roads. In contrast, expansive soil stabilized with teff straw ash at 10%, 15%, and 20% exhibits substantial increases in CBR values (3.7, 6.7, and 8.9, respectively), meeting the ERA standards. This suggests that teff straw ash stabilization renders expansive soil suitable for low-volume road subgrades, aligning with ERA standards. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the potential use of teff straw ash as an effective stabilizer for expansive soils, offering sustainable solutions for road construction in regions characterized by expansive soil challenges.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing the most important cost-influencing factors is essential for enhancing the predictive ability of cost estimation for building construction projects. The goal of this study is to examine and design a valid cost prediction model for assessing factors that impact the cost estimation of public buildings in Addis Ababa. This research solves these issues that typically arise in predictive cost estimation models in two major processes. First, the insights of 133 professionals gathered on the 38 cost-impacting elements, and 15 top factors design, time or cost, and parties’ experience were determined. The suggested hybrid approach is based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and principal component regression (PCR) employed, coupling a stepwise linear regression model. According to the findings of the study, principal component analysis reduced important factors to 14 and efficiently solved the problem of multicollinearity with a variance inflation factor of less than 2, while stepwise cross-validation solved the overfitting problem at the lowest AIC. The cost prediction model sorted out five factors: design completion by the public body when bids are invited; completion of the project scope definition when bids are invited; level of construction complexity; importance of project completion within budget; and subcontractor experience and capability have all been identified as the main cost-determining factors. The study’s contribution is the first approach (PCR–AIC) utilized in this work to explore numerous cost-estimating components, eliminate those that were related to one another, and identify the most crucial ones that consisted of the majority of the original variables’ attributes.
{"title":"Modeling Cost-Estimation Factors for Public Building Projects with Hybrid Approach in Addis Ababa","authors":"Behailu Temesgen Habe, Lucy Feleke Nigussie, Mamaru Dessalegn Belay","doi":"10.1155/2024/1737352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1737352","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the most important cost-influencing factors is essential for enhancing the predictive ability of cost estimation for building construction projects. The goal of this study is to examine and design a valid cost prediction model for assessing factors that impact the cost estimation of public buildings in Addis Ababa. This research solves these issues that typically arise in predictive cost estimation models in two major processes. First, the insights of 133 professionals gathered on the 38 cost-impacting elements, and 15 top factors design, time or cost, and parties’ experience were determined. The suggested hybrid approach is based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and principal component regression (PCR) employed, coupling a stepwise linear regression model. According to the findings of the study, principal component analysis reduced important factors to 14 and efficiently solved the problem of multicollinearity with a variance inflation factor of less than 2, while stepwise cross-validation solved the overfitting problem at the lowest AIC. The cost prediction model sorted out five factors: design completion by the public body when bids are invited; completion of the project scope definition when bids are invited; level of construction complexity; importance of project completion within budget; and subcontractor experience and capability have all been identified as the main cost-determining factors. The study’s contribution is the first approach (PCR–AIC) utilized in this work to explore numerous cost-estimating components, eliminate those that were related to one another, and identify the most crucial ones that consisted of the majority of the original variables’ attributes.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methods for evaluating the sustainability and costs of using recycled materials in asphalt pavement rehabilitation projects. The review begins with an introduction to pavement rehabilitation strategies and the importance of choosing techniques based on thorough engineering and economic analyses. It then explores the different types of recycled materials that can be utilized, including reclaimed asphalt pavement, recycled concrete aggregate, and recycled asphalt shingles, discussing the key characteristics and properties of these materials based on previous laboratory studies. The review also examines the various rehabilitation methods that employ recycled content, such as cold in-place recycling, hot in-place recycling, and full-depth reclamation, providing a detailed breakdown of the construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation costs considered in LCCA and analyzing the environmental benefits of recycled material usage through a review of LCA techniques and criteria like carbon footprint reduction, impacts on air and water quality, and considerations of technological factors. Software tools for conducting LCA are compared and challenges to advancing the adoption of recycled materials are reviewed along with directions for future research efforts. The unique contribution of this work is its holistic assessment of LCCA and LCA methodologies to inform the sustainable and cost-effective deployment of recycled materials in asphalt pavement rehabilitation, a topic of growing importance for transportation infrastructure management. In summary, this current work provides a valuable review of how LCCA and LCA methodologies can assess the sustainability and costs of employing recycled content in asphalt pavement rehabilitation projects.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Recycled Materials in Asphalt Pavements Rehabilitation","authors":"Abbas F. Jasim, Zahraa K. Ali, Israa F. Al-Saadi","doi":"10.1155/2024/2004803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2004803","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methods for evaluating the sustainability and costs of using recycled materials in asphalt pavement rehabilitation projects. The review begins with an introduction to pavement rehabilitation strategies and the importance of choosing techniques based on thorough engineering and economic analyses. It then explores the different types of recycled materials that can be utilized, including reclaimed asphalt pavement, recycled concrete aggregate, and recycled asphalt shingles, discussing the key characteristics and properties of these materials based on previous laboratory studies. The review also examines the various rehabilitation methods that employ recycled content, such as cold in-place recycling, hot in-place recycling, and full-depth reclamation, providing a detailed breakdown of the construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation costs considered in LCCA and analyzing the environmental benefits of recycled material usage through a review of LCA techniques and criteria like carbon footprint reduction, impacts on air and water quality, and considerations of technological factors. Software tools for conducting LCA are compared and challenges to advancing the adoption of recycled materials are reviewed along with directions for future research efforts. The unique contribution of this work is its holistic assessment of LCCA and LCA methodologies to inform the sustainable and cost-effective deployment of recycled materials in asphalt pavement rehabilitation, a topic of growing importance for transportation infrastructure management. In summary, this current work provides a valuable review of how LCCA and LCA methodologies can assess the sustainability and costs of employing recycled content in asphalt pavement rehabilitation projects.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kim Hyeong-Joo, Ham Tae-Gew, Shamsher Sadiq, Peter Rey Dinoy, Youn Gi-Cheol
The tabular roof construction method (TRcM) is an alternative to open-cut and cover tunnels commonly used in constructing underground structures. The open-cut tunnels often lead to traffic congestion and ground settlement, especially in densely populated areas. However, when dealing with very soft ground that allows minimal settlement, piling becomes necessary to distribute the load. Implementing ground improvement solutions in such scenarios poses challenges in terms of space and time constraints. This study presents a unique case study that explores the combination of helical piles with the TRcM, offering a viable solution for ground improvement under challenging ground, limited space, and time constraint conditions. A robust helical pile loading system design for static compression tests inside TRcM ensuring TRcM pipe stability is presented. Also, the validation of the helical pile-bearing capacity interpretation using various factors through static field test inside the TRcM is presented.
{"title":"Evaluation of Helical Pile Performance in TRcM for Soft Ground Improvement: Insights from Field Test and Application","authors":"Kim Hyeong-Joo, Ham Tae-Gew, Shamsher Sadiq, Peter Rey Dinoy, Youn Gi-Cheol","doi":"10.1155/2024/5556324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5556324","url":null,"abstract":"The tabular roof construction method (TRcM) is an alternative to open-cut and cover tunnels commonly used in constructing underground structures. The open-cut tunnels often lead to traffic congestion and ground settlement, especially in densely populated areas. However, when dealing with very soft ground that allows minimal settlement, piling becomes necessary to distribute the load. Implementing ground improvement solutions in such scenarios poses challenges in terms of space and time constraints. This study presents a unique case study that explores the combination of helical piles with the TRcM, offering a viable solution for ground improvement under challenging ground, limited space, and time constraint conditions. A robust helical pile loading system design for static compression tests inside TRcM ensuring TRcM pipe stability is presented. Also, the validation of the helical pile-bearing capacity interpretation using various factors through static field test inside the TRcM is presented.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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