Mahyar Arabani, Mohadeseh Ebrahimi, Mohammad Mahdi Shalchian, Maryam Majd Rahimabadi
Biomasses are environmentally friendly additives that lower pollution in pavement engineering because of their biodegradability. On the other hand, to build a safe, long-lasting pavement, rutting prevention is crucial. This study provides a comprehensive review of the efficacy of biomass as recyclable materials in reducing rutting and enhancing characteristics of asphalt mixtures. According to findings, the hydrocarbon polymer properties of lignin and biomass ash improve asphalt binder consistency, hardness, and function at high temperatures. The results showed that biochar, due to its solid shape, enhances the stiffness and viscosity of the mixtures. The high-temperature performance of asphalt binder is improved by bioshell waste, which increases rutting parameters. Thus, biomass like ash, lignin, and biochar can increase asphalt binder rheology and rutting resistance due to chemical forces such as Van der Waals and hydrogen ions. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation also shows higher interaction and better adhesion in bioasphalt. However, asphalt binders containing bio-oil exhibited no unique behaviors due to their lubricant impact. Based on the estimation of the life cycle assessment (LCA), it was determined that biomass utilization has the potential to decrease the cost and CO2 emissions of pavement engineering by as much as 10% and more than three times, respectively. An examination of recyclability revealed that biomass utilization can decrease the requirement for additional stabilizers by as much as 20%.
{"title":"Influence of Biomass-Modified Asphalt Binder on Rutting Resistance","authors":"Mahyar Arabani, Mohadeseh Ebrahimi, Mohammad Mahdi Shalchian, Maryam Majd Rahimabadi","doi":"10.1155/2024/8249248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8249248","url":null,"abstract":"Biomasses are environmentally friendly additives that lower pollution in pavement engineering because of their biodegradability. On the other hand, to build a safe, long-lasting pavement, rutting prevention is crucial. This study provides a comprehensive review of the efficacy of biomass as recyclable materials in reducing rutting and enhancing characteristics of asphalt mixtures. According to findings, the hydrocarbon polymer properties of lignin and biomass ash improve asphalt binder consistency, hardness, and function at high temperatures. The results showed that biochar, due to its solid shape, enhances the stiffness and viscosity of the mixtures. The high-temperature performance of asphalt binder is improved by bioshell waste, which increases rutting parameters. Thus, biomass like ash, lignin, and biochar can increase asphalt binder rheology and rutting resistance due to chemical forces such as Van der Waals and hydrogen ions. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation also shows higher interaction and better adhesion in bioasphalt. However, asphalt binders containing bio-oil exhibited no unique behaviors due to their lubricant impact. Based on the estimation of the life cycle assessment (LCA), it was determined that biomass utilization has the potential to decrease the cost and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of pavement engineering by as much as 10% and more than three times, respectively. An examination of recyclability revealed that biomass utilization can decrease the requirement for additional stabilizers by as much as 20%.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the weakest link in the shield segment, the reinforcement and repair technology of shield segment joint has received widespread attention. In this study, an finite element model utilizing a cohesive zone model (CZM) was constructed to simulate the mechanical behavior of the shield segment joint during the whole fracture process. The proposed modeling method of joint allows multiple layers of steel bars to be stacked without interference by applying cohesive elements. Cohesive elements were employed to represent the mechanical response of potential fracture surfaces in concrete, as well as the interfaces between steel–concrete and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)–concrete, by utilizing various constitutive models tailored for mixed-mode loading conditions. A group of experiments was chosen to assess the precision of the proposed model by comparing the mechanical response and the fracture patterns. Finally, parameter analyses were conducted to study the reinforcement effect of the FRP bonding length and width on the shield segment joint. The results indicate that external bonding of FRP can effectively enhance the bearing capacity and stiffness of shield segment joints. However, insufficient bonding length or width may significantly reduce the strengthening effect and potentially decrease the ductility of the joint.
{"title":"Assessment of Reinforcement Effect of FRP-Strengthened Shield Segment Joint Based on the CZM Model","authors":"Jianjun Kuang, Yuanqing Chen, Xiaofei Li, Wei Guo, Jia Li, Yiqun Huang","doi":"10.1155/2024/8888139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8888139","url":null,"abstract":"As the weakest link in the shield segment, the reinforcement and repair technology of shield segment joint has received widespread attention. In this study, an finite element model utilizing a cohesive zone model (CZM) was constructed to simulate the mechanical behavior of the shield segment joint during the whole fracture process. The proposed modeling method of joint allows multiple layers of steel bars to be stacked without interference by applying cohesive elements. Cohesive elements were employed to represent the mechanical response of potential fracture surfaces in concrete, as well as the interfaces between steel–concrete and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)–concrete, by utilizing various constitutive models tailored for mixed-mode loading conditions. A group of experiments was chosen to assess the precision of the proposed model by comparing the mechanical response and the fracture patterns. Finally, parameter analyses were conducted to study the reinforcement effect of the FRP bonding length and width on the shield segment joint. The results indicate that external bonding of FRP can effectively enhance the bearing capacity and stiffness of shield segment joints. However, insufficient bonding length or width may significantly reduce the strengthening effect and potentially decrease the ductility of the joint.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduced a new nonexplosive roadway excavation method, combining the reserved free space technology and the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology, where the former is implemented by the gasbag, while the piston splitter is for the latter. The numerical model of roadway excavation was set up via PFC3D to investigate the mechanical fracturing performance, including the single-hole fracturing and the hole network fracturing. The results show that the reasonable hole margin is about 1.0–1.5 m, and the optimal column spacing of the hole network pattern is 1.0 m, after comprehensively analyzing the fracturing performance and the splitting force evolution. Moreover, the mechanical fracturing excavation method was applied to construct a parking chamber in the Kalatongke Mine, to preliminarily verify the feasibility of the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology. The in situ investigation results indicate that the excavation footage is about 0.8 m with the piston splitter when adopting a hole margin of 1.0–1.5 m. To sum up, the preliminary field application and the numerical simulation result both support the feasibility of mechanical fracturing, and the reasonable fracturing hole margin is about 1.0 m.
{"title":"Numerical and Preliminary In Situ Investigation on Roadway Excavation Using Static Expansion Mechanical Fracturing","authors":"Yin Chen, Zijun Li, Jian Zhao, Dan Huang","doi":"10.1155/2024/2156337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2156337","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduced a new nonexplosive roadway excavation method, combining the reserved free space technology and the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology, where the former is implemented by the gasbag, while the piston splitter is for the latter. The numerical model of roadway excavation was set up via PFC3D to investigate the mechanical fracturing performance, including the single-hole fracturing and the hole network fracturing. The results show that the reasonable hole margin is about 1.0–1.5 m, and the optimal column spacing of the hole network pattern is 1.0 m, after comprehensively analyzing the fracturing performance and the splitting force evolution. Moreover, the mechanical fracturing excavation method was applied to construct a parking chamber in the Kalatongke Mine, to preliminarily verify the feasibility of the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology. The in situ investigation results indicate that the excavation footage is about 0.8 m with the piston splitter when adopting a hole margin of 1.0–1.5 m. To sum up, the preliminary field application and the numerical simulation result both support the feasibility of mechanical fracturing, and the reasonable fracturing hole margin is about 1.0 m.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Rong, Guohui Feng, Yang Sun, Yujie Li, Guanyu Chen, Haibin Ding, Changjie Xu
In order to accurately and efficiently assess the impact of tunnel excavation on overlying existing pipeline, an analytical method is proposed to solve this problem. First, the vertical free displacement of the surrounding soil due to tunnel excavation can be derived by the Loganathan formula. Next, the overlying existing pipeline can be treated as a Timoshenko beam resting on the Vlasov foundation model, and the influence of the surrounding soil on the both sides of the existing pipeline is taken into consideration. Finally, an analytical solution for the longitudinal deformation of the existing pipeline can be obtained by using the integral method. Case analysis results demonstrate that the calculated results of this method closely in line with measured data. Compared to the degenerate analytical solution given by this method, the result from this method is more consistent with the measured data. Further parameter studies show that the volume loss rate, diameter of new tunnel, skew angle, and vertical distance between tunnel and pipeline are significant factors affecting the existing pipeline response due to tunneling underlying.
{"title":"Theoretical Solutions for Forecasting the Response of the Existing Pipeline Induce by Tunneling underneath","authors":"Yao Rong, Guohui Feng, Yang Sun, Yujie Li, Guanyu Chen, Haibin Ding, Changjie Xu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6914049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6914049","url":null,"abstract":"In order to accurately and efficiently assess the impact of tunnel excavation on overlying existing pipeline, an analytical method is proposed to solve this problem. First, the vertical free displacement of the surrounding soil due to tunnel excavation can be derived by the Loganathan formula. Next, the overlying existing pipeline can be treated as a Timoshenko beam resting on the Vlasov foundation model, and the influence of the surrounding soil on the both sides of the existing pipeline is taken into consideration. Finally, an analytical solution for the longitudinal deformation of the existing pipeline can be obtained by using the integral method. Case analysis results demonstrate that the calculated results of this method closely in line with measured data. Compared to the degenerate analytical solution given by this method, the result from this method is more consistent with the measured data. Further parameter studies show that the volume loss rate, diameter of new tunnel, skew angle, and vertical distance between tunnel and pipeline are significant factors affecting the existing pipeline response due to tunneling underlying.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seismic site response is inevitably influenced by natural variability of soil properties and anticipated earthquake intensity. This study presents the influence of variability in shear wave velocity (Vs) and amplitude of input rock motion on seismic site response analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were employed to randomize the Vs profile for different scenarios. A series of 1-D equivalent linear (EQL) seismic site response analyses were conducted by combining the randomized Vs profile with different levels of rock motion intensities. The results of the analyses are presented in terms of surface spectral acceleration, amplification factors (AFs), and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The mean and standard deviation of these parameters are thoroughly discussed for a wide range of randomized Vs profile, number of Vs randomizations, and intensities of input rock motions. The results demonstrate that both the median PGA and its standard deviations across different number of Vs profile realization exhibit a slight variation. As few as twenty Vs profile realizations are sufficient to compute reliable response parameters. Both rock motion intensity and standard deviation of Vs variability cause significant variation in computed surface parameters. However, the variability in the number of records used to conduct site response has no significant impact on ground response if the records closely match the target spectrum. Incorporating the multiple sources of variabilities can reduce uncertainty when conducting ground response simulations.
地震场地响应不可避免地受到土壤性质的自然变化和预期地震烈度的影响。本研究介绍了剪切波速度（Vs）和输入岩石运动振幅的变化对地震场地响应分析的影响。采用蒙特卡罗模拟来随机化不同情况下的 Vs 剖面。通过将随机化的 Vs 剖面与不同程度的岩石运动强度相结合，进行了一系列一维等效线性（EQL）地震场地响应分析。分析结果以地表频谱加速度、放大系数（AF）和峰值地面加速度（PGA）的形式呈现。针对各种随机 Vs 剖面、Vs 随机化次数和输入岩动强度，对这些参数的平均值和标准偏差进行了深入讨论。结果表明，在不同数量的 Vs 剖面实现中，PGA 中值及其标准偏差都有轻微变化。少至 20 个 Vs 剖面实现就足以计算出可靠的响应参数。岩石运动强度和 Vs 变化的标准偏差都会导致计算出的地表参数发生显著变化。不过，如果记录与目标频谱密切吻合，用于进行场地响应的记录数量的变化对地面响应没有重大影响。在进行地面响应模拟时，将多种变异源纳入其中可减少不确定性。
{"title":"Impact of Randomized Soil Properties and Rock Motion Intensities on Ground Motion","authors":"Ayele Chala, Richard Ray","doi":"10.1155/2024/9578058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9578058","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic site response is inevitably influenced by natural variability of soil properties and anticipated earthquake intensity. This study presents the influence of variability in shear wave velocity (<i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>) and amplitude of input rock motion on seismic site response analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were employed to randomize the <i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> profile for different scenarios. A series of 1-D equivalent linear (EQL) seismic site response analyses were conducted by combining the randomized <i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> profile with different levels of rock motion intensities. The results of the analyses are presented in terms of surface spectral acceleration, amplification factors (AFs), and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The mean and standard deviation of these parameters are thoroughly discussed for a wide range of randomized <i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> profile, number of <i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> randomizations, and intensities of input rock motions. The results demonstrate that both the median PGA and its standard deviations across different number of <i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> profile realization exhibit a slight variation. As few as twenty <i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> profile realizations are sufficient to compute reliable response parameters. Both rock motion intensity and standard deviation of <i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> variability cause significant variation in computed surface parameters. However, the variability in the number of records used to conduct site response has no significant impact on ground response if the records closely match the target spectrum. Incorporating the multiple sources of variabilities can reduce uncertainty when conducting ground response simulations.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predicting the status of train delays, a complex and dynamic problem, is crucial for railway enterprises and passengers. This paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning model composed of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and temporal convolutional networks (TCN), named the CNN + TCN model, for predicting train delays in railway systems. First, we construct 3D data containing the spatiotemporal characteristics of real-world train data. Then, the CNN + TCN model employs a 3D CNN component, which is fed into the constructed 3D data to mine the spatiotemporal characteristics, and a TCN component that captures the temporal characteristics in railway operation data. Furthermore, the characteristic variables corresponding to the two components are selected. Finally, the model is evaluated by leveraging data from two railway lines in the United Kingdom. Numerical results show that the CNN + TCN model has greater accuracy and convergence performance in train delay prediction.
{"title":"A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Complex Systems: A Case of Train Delay Prediction","authors":"Dawei Wang, Jingwei Guo, Chunyang Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/8163062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8163062","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the status of train delays, a complex and dynamic problem, is crucial for railway enterprises and passengers. This paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning model composed of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and temporal convolutional networks (TCN), named the CNN + TCN model, for predicting train delays in railway systems. First, we construct 3D data containing the spatiotemporal characteristics of real-world train data. Then, the CNN + TCN model employs a 3D CNN component, which is fed into the constructed 3D data to mine the spatiotemporal characteristics, and a TCN component that captures the temporal characteristics in railway operation data. Furthermore, the characteristic variables corresponding to the two components are selected. Finally, the model is evaluated by leveraging data from two railway lines in the United Kingdom. Numerical results show that the CNN + TCN model has greater accuracy and convergence performance in train delay prediction.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the difference between Japan and Taiwan in building governance for the conservation and reuse of industrial heritage. Japan started paying attention to industrial facilities as heritage due to the neglect of heritage, regional decline, and awareness of asset conservation in both cases. In contrast, conservation projects in Taiwan started because under policy of disposing of public properties, the abandoned heritage was at the risk of redevelopment. Japan’s policy goal was to conserve assets in both cases, while Taiwan aimed at regenerating modern industrial heritage and revitalizing the region. In all three cases, we found that there was a promotion organization which consisted primarily of residents and citizens. In Japan’s case, local governments played a more prominent role than the central government; in Taiwan, both the central and local governments did their part appropriately. These differences between the two countries are also observed in the process of decommissioning industrial facilities and citizens’ awareness of industrial heritage.
{"title":"Building the Governance to Conserve and Utilize Industrial Heritage in East Asia: The Cases of Japan and Taiwan","authors":"Kilhun Lee","doi":"10.1155/2024/1594078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1594078","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the difference between Japan and Taiwan in building governance for the conservation and reuse of industrial heritage. Japan started paying attention to industrial facilities as heritage due to the neglect of heritage, regional decline, and awareness of asset conservation in both cases. In contrast, conservation projects in Taiwan started because under policy of disposing of public properties, the abandoned heritage was at the risk of redevelopment. Japan’s policy goal was to conserve assets in both cases, while Taiwan aimed at regenerating modern industrial heritage and revitalizing the region. In all three cases, we found that there was a promotion organization which consisted primarily of residents and citizens. In Japan’s case, local governments played a more prominent role than the central government; in Taiwan, both the central and local governments did their part appropriately. These differences between the two countries are also observed in the process of decommissioning industrial facilities and citizens’ awareness of industrial heritage.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Sun, Shoufeng Zhang, Ke Liu, Xinyi Wu, Guowei Zhang, Bei Cheng
The new insulated single-sided composite shear wall (NISCSW) composition involves setting a precast wall panel on one side and an insulation panel on the other side, with a middle cavity for casting concrete. To investigate the seismic performance of NISCSW under different shear spans and axial compression ratios, eight specimens are made, including six composite and two cast-in-place walls. The shear span ratio is controlled at 1.2 and 1.9, and the axial compression ratio is controlled at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4. The specimens are subjected to quasistatic tests to analyze failure modes, hysteresis characteristics, stiffness degradation, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation capacity and to compare the seismic performance of the composite and cast-in-place walls. Results show that for each composite specimen, under the same axial compression ratio, the large shear span ratio specimen has a lower ultimate bearing capacity and faster stiffness degradation but better ductility and postyield energy dissipation capacity. Under the same shear span ratio, the high axial compression ratio specimen had a higher ultimate bearing capacity, slightly worse ductility, and similar stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity compared to other specimens. Compared with the cast-in-place specimen with the same axial compression ratio, the composite specimen failure mode and hysteresis characteristics are similar, and the ductility and energy dissipation capacity are comparable to the cast-in-place shear wall specimen, indicating that NISCSW has similar seismic performance to the cast-in-place shear wall under conditions of a large shear span ratio and high axial compression ratio. Based on the test results, the program ABAQUS is used to simulate the specimens. Compared with the test results, the simulated specimen failure mode is consistent with the test results, and the hysteresis and skeleton curves are consistent with the test curve, indicating that the model is correct, reliable, and can be verified with test results.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Insulated Single-Sided Composite Shear Walls under Different Shear Spans and Axial Compression Ratios","authors":"Qiang Sun, Shoufeng Zhang, Ke Liu, Xinyi Wu, Guowei Zhang, Bei Cheng","doi":"10.1155/2024/8818666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8818666","url":null,"abstract":"The new insulated single-sided composite shear wall (NISCSW) composition involves setting a precast wall panel on one side and an insulation panel on the other side, with a middle cavity for casting concrete. To investigate the seismic performance of NISCSW under different shear spans and axial compression ratios, eight specimens are made, including six composite and two cast-in-place walls. The shear span ratio is controlled at 1.2 and 1.9, and the axial compression ratio is controlled at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4. The specimens are subjected to quasistatic tests to analyze failure modes, hysteresis characteristics, stiffness degradation, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation capacity and to compare the seismic performance of the composite and cast-in-place walls. Results show that for each composite specimen, under the same axial compression ratio, the large shear span ratio specimen has a lower ultimate bearing capacity and faster stiffness degradation but better ductility and postyield energy dissipation capacity. Under the same shear span ratio, the high axial compression ratio specimen had a higher ultimate bearing capacity, slightly worse ductility, and similar stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity compared to other specimens. Compared with the cast-in-place specimen with the same axial compression ratio, the composite specimen failure mode and hysteresis characteristics are similar, and the ductility and energy dissipation capacity are comparable to the cast-in-place shear wall specimen, indicating that NISCSW has similar seismic performance to the cast-in-place shear wall under conditions of a large shear span ratio and high axial compression ratio. Based on the test results, the program ABAQUS is used to simulate the specimens. Compared with the test results, the simulated specimen failure mode is consistent with the test results, and the hysteresis and skeleton curves are consistent with the test curve, indicating that the model is correct, reliable, and can be verified with test results.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Wu, Yan-Tang Gao, Shao-Hui Tang, Zhi-Quan Zeng, Ning Miao, Yun-Zhi Zhong, Lei Huang, Quan-Sheng Liu
There is a ubiquitous boundary reflection effect of stress wave propagation in the indoor experimental studies. It is critical to improve the validity of waveform data by optimizing boundary materials to absorb reflection waves. In the present study, a calculation method for the optimal wave impedance of boundary materials was proposed based on the transmission and reflection principle of one-dimensional stress waves at the interface of different media. By using the calculation method, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was obtained. A one-dimensional stress wave propagation test apparatus was developed for exploring the improvement effect of absorbing materials on the boundary reflection effect. One-dimensional stress wave propagation experimental studies in the complete red sandstone samples were carried out by setting various boundary absorbing materials such as pine pad, rubber pad, and steel pad. The results indicated that the experimental test results were consistent with the theoretical calculation results. In the stress wave propagation tests, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was 1.12 × 106 kg/m2·s. When the pine pads were used as boundary absorbing materials, the suppression effect of boundary reflection effects is relatively the best. The present study provides references for analyzing the characteristics and mechanism of stress wave propagation and attenuation.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Boundary Reflection Effect of Stress Wave Propagation Based on the Newly Developed Test Apparatus","authors":"Jian Wu, Yan-Tang Gao, Shao-Hui Tang, Zhi-Quan Zeng, Ning Miao, Yun-Zhi Zhong, Lei Huang, Quan-Sheng Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/7170963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7170963","url":null,"abstract":"There is a ubiquitous boundary reflection effect of stress wave propagation in the indoor experimental studies. It is critical to improve the validity of waveform data by optimizing boundary materials to absorb reflection waves. In the present study, a calculation method for the optimal wave impedance of boundary materials was proposed based on the transmission and reflection principle of one-dimensional stress waves at the interface of different media. By using the calculation method, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was obtained. A one-dimensional stress wave propagation test apparatus was developed for exploring the improvement effect of absorbing materials on the boundary reflection effect. One-dimensional stress wave propagation experimental studies in the complete red sandstone samples were carried out by setting various boundary absorbing materials such as pine pad, rubber pad, and steel pad. The results indicated that the experimental test results were consistent with the theoretical calculation results. In the stress wave propagation tests, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was 1.12 × 10<sup>6</sup> kg/m<sup>2</sup>·s. When the pine pads were used as boundary absorbing materials, the suppression effect of boundary reflection effects is relatively the best. The present study provides references for analyzing the characteristics and mechanism of stress wave propagation and attenuation.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-section girders with different types of steel in the flanges and web (fyf > fyw, respectively) are known as transverse hybrid girders. These have proven to be more economical than their homogeneous counterparts. However, the use of hybrid configurations in the longitudinal direction of the element has yet to be studied. This paper uses optimization techniques to explore the possibility of constructing transverse and longitudinally hybrid (TLH) steel girders. The optimization objective is to minimize the manufacturing cost, including seven activities besides the material cost. The geometrically double symmetric I-girder design subjected to a uniform transverse load is performed using Eurocode 3 specifications. Nine case studies are implemented, varying the element span (L) and the applied load. The results show that establishing various configurations along the length of the element is beneficial. The optimum number of transition points is six, meaning the girder will have four configurations, i.e., one central and three others symmetrically distributed toward each half of the element. The optimum position for the first transition would be at (L/2), the second at (L/2), and the third at
{"title":"Optimized Transverse–Longitudinal Hybrid Construction for Sustainable Design of Welded Steel Plate Girders","authors":"Iván Negrin, Moacir Kripka, Víctor Yepes","doi":"10.1155/2024/5561712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5561712","url":null,"abstract":"I-section girders with different types of steel in the flanges and web (<i>f</i><sub><i>yf</i></sub> > <i>f</i><sub><i>yw</i></sub>, respectively) are known as transverse hybrid girders. These have proven to be more economical than their homogeneous counterparts. However, the use of hybrid configurations in the longitudinal direction of the element has yet to be studied. This paper uses optimization techniques to explore the possibility of constructing transverse and longitudinally hybrid (TLH) steel girders. The optimization objective is to minimize the manufacturing cost, including seven activities besides the material cost. The geometrically double symmetric I-girder design subjected to a uniform transverse load is performed using Eurocode 3 specifications. Nine case studies are implemented, varying the element span (<i>L</i>) and the applied load. The results show that establishing various configurations along the length of the element is beneficial. The optimum number of transition points is six, meaning the girder will have four configurations, i.e., one central and three others symmetrically distributed toward each half of the element. The optimum position for the first transition would be at <svg height=\"10.3089pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063999pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -10.1025 27.944 10.3089\" width=\"27.944pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.204,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.444,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,21.765,-5.741)\"></path></g></svg>(<i>L/2</i>), the second at <svg height=\"10.3089pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063999pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -10.1025 27.944 10.3089\" width=\"27.944pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.204,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-53\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.444,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,21.765,-5.741)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g50-43\"></use></g></svg>(<i>L/2</i>), and the third at <svg height=\"10.3089pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063999pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -10.1025 27.944 10.3089\" width=\"27.944pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.204,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.444,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,21.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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