Determining the ultimate bearing capacity of pile is important for reasonable design of the pile. In this paper, a cusp catastrophe theory-based method was proposed for assessing the ultimate bearing capacity of static loading pile. Firstly, a three-parameter quartic polynomial in accordance with the standard form of cusp catastrophe model is proposed and used to fit the experimentally obtained Q–S curve. The parameters which allow the polynomial to produce best fitting to the Q–S curve are taken to identify the stability of the pile following a simple procedure. Then, the proposed method was verified against 10 Q–S curves obtained from field tests at Jinqiao-Meiya and Jinqiao-Chunyu areas of Shanghai. Results show that the ultimate bearing capacities of the piles identified by the proposed method were comparable to those identified by the JGJ 106-2014 standard method. Finally, it is found that the stability of the pile identified by the proposed method and the mechanical state of the pile identified by the Golden Section approach were correlated closely.
{"title":"Assessment of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Static Loading Pile Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory","authors":"Jibao Yang, Xing Huang, Hao Ni, Shilong Hao, Fudong Liu, Zhangrong Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3387744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3387744","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the ultimate bearing capacity of pile is important for reasonable design of the pile. In this paper, a cusp catastrophe theory-based method was proposed for assessing the ultimate bearing capacity of static loading pile. Firstly, a three-parameter quartic polynomial in accordance with the standard form of cusp catastrophe model is proposed and used to fit the experimentally obtained <i>Q</i>–<i>S</i> curve. The parameters which allow the polynomial to produce best fitting to the <i>Q–S</i> curve are taken to identify the stability of the pile following a simple procedure. Then, the proposed method was verified against 10 <i>Q–S</i> curves obtained from field tests at Jinqiao-Meiya and Jinqiao-Chunyu areas of Shanghai. Results show that the ultimate bearing capacities of the piles identified by the proposed method were comparable to those identified by the JGJ 106-2014 standard method. Finally, it is found that the stability of the pile identified by the proposed method and the mechanical state of the pile identified by the Golden Section approach were correlated closely.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139968973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Qiao, Chen Ma, Chang-Jiang Daun, Hao Lei, Heng Zhao, Jun He
To study the vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) of highway bridges under seismic excitation, a vehicle–bridge couple analysis method based on Ansys is proposed. The 1/2 vehicle model and space beam element model were established to analyze the VBI response of Lanzhou Xiaoshagou bridge. The self-excited excitation of the system is represented by road surface irregularity randomness, while the external excitation is represented by an earthquake. The impact of seismic types, seismic direction, seismic intensity, vehicle speed, and road surface irregularity on the bridge vibration under the vehicle–bridge coupling during an earthquake is thoroughly analyzed. The results reveal that the type of earthquake significantly influences the dynamic response of the bridge, showing a minimum difference of 31.4%. The intensity of the earthquake is positively correlated with the dynamic response of the bridge. Longitudinal and vertical earthquakes have a more noticeable effect on the bridge’s vertical vibration compared to lateral earthquakes. The ratio of the bridge response under vertical or longitudinal seismic excitation to the response of lateral earthquakes ranges from 1.50 to 26.61. Vehicle speed, road irregularity grade, and randomness have a negligible impact on the dynamic response of vehicle–bridge interaction under an earthquake, accounting for less than 3%. These findings indicate that the analysis of earthquake-bridge vibration can simplify the VBI analysis for continuous rigid frame composite box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs under seismic conditions.
{"title":"Vehicle–Bridge Interaction Dynamic Analysis of Continuous Rigid Frame Composite Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs under Seismic Excitation","authors":"Peng Qiao, Chen Ma, Chang-Jiang Daun, Hao Lei, Heng Zhao, Jun He","doi":"10.1155/2024/3870669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3870669","url":null,"abstract":"To study the vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) of highway bridges under seismic excitation, a vehicle–bridge couple analysis method based on Ansys is proposed. The 1/2 vehicle model and space beam element model were established to analyze the VBI response of Lanzhou Xiaoshagou bridge. The self-excited excitation of the system is represented by road surface irregularity randomness, while the external excitation is represented by an earthquake. The impact of seismic types, seismic direction, seismic intensity, vehicle speed, and road surface irregularity on the bridge vibration under the vehicle–bridge coupling during an earthquake is thoroughly analyzed. The results reveal that the type of earthquake significantly influences the dynamic response of the bridge, showing a minimum difference of 31.4%. The intensity of the earthquake is positively correlated with the dynamic response of the bridge. Longitudinal and vertical earthquakes have a more noticeable effect on the bridge’s vertical vibration compared to lateral earthquakes. The ratio of the bridge response under vertical or longitudinal seismic excitation to the response of lateral earthquakes ranges from 1.50 to 26.61. Vehicle speed, road irregularity grade, and randomness have a negligible impact on the dynamic response of vehicle–bridge interaction under an earthquake, accounting for less than 3%. These findings indicate that the analysis of earthquake-bridge vibration can simplify the VBI analysis for continuous rigid frame composite box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs under seismic conditions.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The evaluation of various earthquake codes, it is one of the significant challenges in the study area of earthquake engineering. However, according to the literature review, most research works have not addressed comparing Chinese and African seismic codes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify each code’s advantages by comparing assessment of the seismic efficacy of moment resistance frame reinforced concrete (MRF-RC) frames using four different codes: the Ethiopian Building Code Standard (EBCS-8), the Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures (ECP-201), the Algerian Seismic Regulations (RPA-99), and the Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB-50011), the first three are the major codes used in Africa. The seismic provisions of these codes are compared and evaluated using nonlinear time-history analysis (NL-THA) and nonlinear static pushover to validate the results. These analyses are performed on four MRF-RC frame models with different heights. The results include various parameters that reflect the seismic performance of the structures. The study revealed that the Chinese code is more conservative and overestimates seismic performance compared with African codes. However, the Chinese code can be applied in African projects considering the African soil classifications, and seismic weight are adjusted to meet the African design criteria.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Seismic Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Using Chinese and African Seismic Codes","authors":"Musaab Suliman, Liang Lu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5588833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5588833","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of various earthquake codes, it is one of the significant challenges in the study area of earthquake engineering. However, according to the literature review, most research works have not addressed comparing Chinese and African seismic codes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify each code’s advantages by comparing assessment of the seismic efficacy of moment resistance frame reinforced concrete (MRF-RC) frames using four different codes: the Ethiopian Building Code Standard (EBCS-8), the Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures (ECP-201), the Algerian Seismic Regulations (RPA-99), and the Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB-50011), the first three are the major codes used in Africa. The seismic provisions of these codes are compared and evaluated using nonlinear time-history analysis (NL-THA) and nonlinear static pushover to validate the results. These analyses are performed on four MRF-RC frame models with different heights. The results include various parameters that reflect the seismic performance of the structures. The study revealed that the Chinese code is more conservative and overestimates seismic performance compared with African codes. However, the Chinese code can be applied in African projects considering the African soil classifications, and seismic weight are adjusted to meet the African design criteria.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139928060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In China, slope engineering occasionally faces landslides in rocky slopes containing muddy interlayers, primarily triggered by excavation activities. These incidents lead to considerable human casualties and substantial economic losses. However, existing studies predominantly concentrate on the excavation-induced impacts on the stability of rocky slopes characterized by single-layered soft and weak interlayers. Conversely, reports on how excavation influences the stability of bedding cataclastic rock mass high slope containing multimuddy interlayers remain notably absent in the literature. Moreover, unloading due to excavation can swiftly compromise the mechanical integrity and overall quality of the rock mass, consequently impacting the stability of slopes postexcavation. Therefore, this paper modeled the unstable slope excavated at a waste incineration power plant in Yuxi, Yunnan, using the finite element strength reduction method. This approach was employed to comprehensively simulate the entire process of artificial multilevel excavation in a bedding cataclastic rock mass high slope containing multimuddy interlayers. This study investigated the impact of multilevel artificial excavation on slope stability by thoroughly considering factors including alterations in slope morphology, unloading effects, and the degradation of geotechnical parameters. The research yielded the subsequent conclusions. Multimuddy interlayers were the key to the slope’s instability. For slopes subjected to such multilevel excavation, efforts were made to minimize the exposure of muddy interlayers. Slopes above exposed muddy interlayers did not require additional support, while those below needed prioritized reinforcement. The likely instability mode of the actual slope was local destabilization leading to landslides. Furthermore, when using numerical simulation methods to study the impact of excavation disturbances on the stability of such slopes, it was necessary to consider the deterioration of geotechnical parameters to obtain results more reflective of actual conditions. These research findings provided valuable theoretical and empirical support for studies on similar excavated slopes.
{"title":"The Effect of Excavation Disturbance on the Stability of Bedding Cataclastic Rock Mass High Slope Containing Multimuddy Interlayers","authors":"Fei Liu, Jiaming Zhang, Pengzheng Guo, Wenlian Liu, Zhiqiang Wang, Jipu Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/3659021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3659021","url":null,"abstract":"In China, slope engineering occasionally faces landslides in rocky slopes containing muddy interlayers, primarily triggered by excavation activities. These incidents lead to considerable human casualties and substantial economic losses. However, existing studies predominantly concentrate on the excavation-induced impacts on the stability of rocky slopes characterized by single-layered soft and weak interlayers. Conversely, reports on how excavation influences the stability of bedding cataclastic rock mass high slope containing multimuddy interlayers remain notably absent in the literature. Moreover, unloading due to excavation can swiftly compromise the mechanical integrity and overall quality of the rock mass, consequently impacting the stability of slopes postexcavation. Therefore, this paper modeled the unstable slope excavated at a waste incineration power plant in Yuxi, Yunnan, using the finite element strength reduction method. This approach was employed to comprehensively simulate the entire process of artificial multilevel excavation in a bedding cataclastic rock mass high slope containing multimuddy interlayers. This study investigated the impact of multilevel artificial excavation on slope stability by thoroughly considering factors including alterations in slope morphology, unloading effects, and the degradation of geotechnical parameters. The research yielded the subsequent conclusions. Multimuddy interlayers were the key to the slope’s instability. For slopes subjected to such multilevel excavation, efforts were made to minimize the exposure of muddy interlayers. Slopes above exposed muddy interlayers did not require additional support, while those below needed prioritized reinforcement. The likely instability mode of the actual slope was local destabilization leading to landslides. Furthermore, when using numerical simulation methods to study the impact of excavation disturbances on the stability of such slopes, it was necessary to consider the deterioration of geotechnical parameters to obtain results more reflective of actual conditions. These research findings provided valuable theoretical and empirical support for studies on similar excavated slopes.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshata Musale, Anand M. Hunashyal, Arun Y. Patil, Raman Kumar, Tansir Ahamad, M. A. Kalam, Mahaboob Patel
The process of inclusion of carbon nanotubes as fibers in cement paste has been proved to have optimistic effect as it enhances the tensile property of cement paste composite. Coir fibers have exceptional mechanical qualities and are thus employed as reinforcement in cement composites. Epoxy resin, which has a high Young’s modulus, is an ideal component for bonding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to coir fiber. This paper describes a novel kind of nanocomposite made of L-12 epoxy resin and CNTs at the nanolevel, along with coir fibers at the microlevel which operate as crack arrestors. To remove surface contaminants, coir fibers are first treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Epoxy/CNTs polymer coatings were developed at varying CNTs fractions (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 wt.% of cement). Multiwalled CNTs were combined in distilled water, followed by epoxy resin and hardener (9 : 1 v/v) polymer in an ultrasonic sonicator for 90 min to ensure full dispersion of CNTs within the epoxy polymer. This blend is now coated on the treated clustered coir fiber (length 10 cm, 10 strands) and reinforced along the length of a cement composite beam 20 mm × 20 mm × 80 mm in size. Tensile and three-point tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the hybrid composite. The linear elastic finite element analysis is employed to distinguish their failure phenomena via fatigue or fracture behavior. The microstructure behavior and the effect of coating material on the coir fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscope and EDX analysis. The reinforcing impact of nanopolymer coated coir fiber in cement composite diminished the tensile and flexural strength after 0.1 wt.% of CNT fraction but increased the composite’s durability and Young’s modulus. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was carried out to assess the chemical interaction between the epoxy/CNTs and the coir fibers. The simulation was performed using ANSYS workbench, and the modeling results were within an acceptable 10% range of the experimental data. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the hybrid composite is capable of enhancing the composite’s stress and strain capacity by regulating the fracture propagation process at the crack’s end.
{"title":"Study on Nanomaterials Coated Natural Coir Fibers as Crack Arrestor in Cement Composite","authors":"Akshata Musale, Anand M. Hunashyal, Arun Y. Patil, Raman Kumar, Tansir Ahamad, M. A. Kalam, Mahaboob Patel","doi":"10.1155/2024/6686655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6686655","url":null,"abstract":"The process of inclusion of carbon nanotubes as fibers in cement paste has been proved to have optimistic effect as it enhances the tensile property of cement paste composite. Coir fibers have exceptional mechanical qualities and are thus employed as reinforcement in cement composites. Epoxy resin, which has a high Young’s modulus, is an ideal component for bonding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to coir fiber. This paper describes a novel kind of nanocomposite made of L-12 epoxy resin and CNTs at the nanolevel, along with coir fibers at the microlevel which operate as crack arrestors. To remove surface contaminants, coir fibers are first treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Epoxy/CNTs polymer coatings were developed at varying CNTs fractions (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 wt.% of cement). Multiwalled CNTs were combined in distilled water, followed by epoxy resin and hardener (9 : 1 v/v) polymer in an ultrasonic sonicator for 90 min to ensure full dispersion of CNTs within the epoxy polymer. This blend is now coated on the treated clustered coir fiber (length 10 cm, 10 strands) and reinforced along the length of a cement composite beam 20 mm × 20 mm × 80 mm in size. Tensile and three-point tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the hybrid composite. The linear elastic finite element analysis is employed to distinguish their failure phenomena via fatigue or fracture behavior. The microstructure behavior and the effect of coating material on the coir fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscope and EDX analysis. The reinforcing impact of nanopolymer coated coir fiber in cement composite diminished the tensile and flexural strength after 0.1 wt.% of CNT fraction but increased the composite’s durability and Young’s modulus. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was carried out to assess the chemical interaction between the epoxy/CNTs and the coir fibers. The simulation was performed using ANSYS workbench, and the modeling results were within an acceptable 10% range of the experimental data. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the hybrid composite is capable of enhancing the composite’s stress and strain capacity by regulating the fracture propagation process at the crack’s end.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miriam Appiah-Brempong, Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh, Nana Yaw Asiedu, Francis Yao Momade
This study delves into the simultaneous adsorption of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour from tannery wastewater using bone char through a fixed bed column. The bone char, which was derived from cattle skulls, was characterised using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Braeuer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and the scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effects of different process conditions, specifically, packed bed height (5, 10, and 15 cm) and flow rate (2, 5, and 8 mL/min), on the adsorption efficiency of the fixed bed column were assessed through breakthrough curve analysis. The results revealed that the efficiency of the column bed enhanced with increasing bed height and declined with increasing wastewater flow rate. The optimal operating conditions for COD and colour removal onto the bone char occurred at 15 cm bed height and 2 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption capacities at these conditions were 227.4 mg/g and 53.03 Pt-Co/g for COD and colour, respectively. The kinetics associated with the fixed bed adsorption of COD and colour onto bone char were elucidated through the fitting of the Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models to the experimental data. Among the three models, the Yoon–Nelson model gave the best prediction of the experimental data. Maximum adsorption efficiencies of 80.65% and 84% were attained for COD and colour removal, respectively, proving that bone char is a promising and ecologically friendly alternative adsorbent for the treatment of tannery wastewater.
{"title":"Bone Char Adsorption of COD and Colour from Tannery Wastewater: Breakthrough Curve Analysis and Fixed Bed Dynamic Modelling","authors":"Miriam Appiah-Brempong, Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh, Nana Yaw Asiedu, Francis Yao Momade","doi":"10.1155/2024/6651094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6651094","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the simultaneous adsorption of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour from tannery wastewater using bone char through a fixed bed column. The bone char, which was derived from cattle skulls, was characterised using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Braeuer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and the scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effects of different process conditions, specifically, packed bed height (5, 10, and 15 cm) and flow rate (2, 5, and 8 mL/min), on the adsorption efficiency of the fixed bed column were assessed through breakthrough curve analysis. The results revealed that the efficiency of the column bed enhanced with increasing bed height and declined with increasing wastewater flow rate. The optimal operating conditions for COD and colour removal onto the bone char occurred at 15 cm bed height and 2 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption capacities at these conditions were 227.4 mg/g and 53.03 Pt-Co/g for COD and colour, respectively. The kinetics associated with the fixed bed adsorption of COD and colour onto bone char were elucidated through the fitting of the Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models to the experimental data. Among the three models, the Yoon–Nelson model gave the best prediction of the experimental data. Maximum adsorption efficiencies of 80.65% and 84% were attained for COD and colour removal, respectively, proving that bone char is a promising and ecologically friendly alternative adsorbent for the treatment of tannery wastewater.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to map the landslide susceptibility in the Chemoga watershed, Ethiopia, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and bivariate statistical models. Based on Google earth imagery and field survey, about 169 landslide locations were identified and classified randomly into training datasets (70%) and test datasets (30%). Eleven landslides conditioning factors, including slope, elevation, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index, normalized difference vegetation index, road, river, land use, rainfall, and lithology were integrated with training landslides to determine the weights of each factor and factor classes using both frequency ratio (FR) and information value (IV) models. The final landslide susceptibility map was classified into five classes: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results of area under the curve (AUC) accuracy models showed that the success rates of the FR and IV models were 87.00% and 90.10%, while the prediction rates were 88.00% and 92.30%, respectively. This type of study will be very useful to the local government for future planning and decision on landslide mitigation plans.
{"title":"Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS and Bivariate Statistical Models in Chemoga Watershed, Ethiopia","authors":"Abinet Addis","doi":"10.1155/2024/6616269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6616269","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to map the landslide susceptibility in the Chemoga watershed, Ethiopia, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and bivariate statistical models. Based on Google earth imagery and field survey, about 169 landslide locations were identified and classified randomly into training datasets (70%) and test datasets (30%). Eleven landslides conditioning factors, including slope, elevation, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index, normalized difference vegetation index, road, river, land use, rainfall, and lithology were integrated with training landslides to determine the weights of each factor and factor classes using both frequency ratio (FR) and information value (IV) models. The final landslide susceptibility map was classified into five classes: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results of area under the curve (AUC) accuracy models showed that the success rates of the FR and IV models were 87.00% and 90.10%, while the prediction rates were 88.00% and 92.30%, respectively. This type of study will be very useful to the local government for future planning and decision on landslide mitigation plans.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In green energy buildings, air conditioning charges can be lowered through careful planning of the building’s envelope. This article investigates several strategically designed phase change material (PCM) roof envelopes for savings on air conditioning prices, CO2 emission abatement, and payback timeframes in hot–arid and warm-temperate climates, taking into account unsteady heat transfer characteristics, cooling, and heating degree–hours. This is accomplished by using six different PCMs–RCC (reinforced cement concrete) roof envelope cases (RCC roof with PCM layer on the outer side, RCC roof with PCM layer on the center (middle), RCC roof with PCM layer on the inside, RCC roof with PCM layers placed on the outside and center, RCC roof with PCM layers placed on the center and inside, and RCC roof with PCM layers placed on the outer side and inside) with three PCMs (FS29 (form stable mixture), HS29 (hydrated salt), and OM29 (organic mixture)). PCM thermophysical characteristics are experimentally measured. The analytical results are experimentally validated. In hot–arid and warm-temperate regions, the layer of PCM installed on the outside of the RCC with HS29 saved the most on air conditioning expenses, at 6.29 and 6.61 $/m2, respectively. They also reported the greatest carbon mitigation of 300.55 kg of CO2/year and 281.58 kg of CO2/year with the faster payback periods. PCM roof envelopes are the most energy-efficient option for green buildings.
{"title":"Thermal Analysis of Building Roofs with Latent Heat Storage for Reduction in Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions: An Experimental and Numerical Research","authors":"Erdem Cuce, Saboor Shaik, Abin Roy, Chelliah Arumugam, Asif Afzal, Pinar Mert Cuce, Aritra Ghosh, Tabish Alam, Sharmas Vali Shaik","doi":"10.1155/2024/6676188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6676188","url":null,"abstract":"In green energy buildings, air conditioning charges can be lowered through careful planning of the building’s envelope. This article investigates several strategically designed phase change material (PCM) roof envelopes for savings on air conditioning prices, CO<sub>2</sub> emission abatement, and payback timeframes in hot–arid and warm-temperate climates, taking into account unsteady heat transfer characteristics, cooling, and heating degree–hours. This is accomplished by using six different PCMs–RCC (reinforced cement concrete) roof envelope cases (RCC roof with PCM layer on the outer side, RCC roof with PCM layer on the center (middle), RCC roof with PCM layer on the inside, RCC roof with PCM layers placed on the outside and center, RCC roof with PCM layers placed on the center and inside, and RCC roof with PCM layers placed on the outer side and inside) with three PCMs (FS29 (form stable mixture), HS29 (hydrated salt), and OM29 (organic mixture)). PCM thermophysical characteristics are experimentally measured. The analytical results are experimentally validated. In hot–arid and warm-temperate regions, the layer of PCM installed on the outside of the RCC with HS29 saved the most on air conditioning expenses, at 6.29 and 6.61 $/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. They also reported the greatest carbon mitigation of 300.55 kg of CO<sub>2</sub>/year and 281.58 kg of CO<sub>2</sub>/year with the faster payback periods. PCM roof envelopes are the most energy-efficient option for green buildings.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yafei Wang, Zhanrong Zhang, Xingpei Kang, Hao Xie, Chenchen Wang, Kun Liu
Due to the complexity in the heterogeneous internal structure and interactions between rocks and soil, the slide of soil–rock mixed slope is usually more complex than that of a homogeneous soil slope. This paper investigated the stability of soil–rock mixed slopes with finite element method (FEM) based on random heterogeneous structure. An image-aided approach was used to generate the 2-D and 3-D digital rocks to ensure the morphology of digital rocks was similar with the real rocks. The 2-D and 3-D soil–rock mixed slopes were then generated by placing the digital rocks into the soil matrix. The generated heterogeneous structures of soil–rock mixed slope were imported into ABAQUS for numerical analysis. The effect of rock content, spatial distributions, material properties, and rock–soil interface on the stability of soil–rock mixed slopes were analyzed. Results show that the stability factor of the soil–rock mixed slope increases with the increase of rock content. The rocks can play a certain degree of antislide effect in the slope. The uneven spatial distribution of rocks has effect on the overall stability of soil–rock mixed slope. This effect is more significant when the rock content is moderate. Rocks distributed in the middle layer of the slope may improve the overall antisliding performance of the slope. The stability factor decreases with the increase of rock density. While the effect of rock elastic modulus on stability of soil–rock mixed slope is relatively limited. The contact condition at the soil–rock interface has effect on the overall stability of soil–rock mixed slope. It is recommended to properly determine the interface properties for stability analysis of soil–rock mixed slope.
{"title":"Stability Analysis of Soil and Rock Mixed Slope Based on Random Heterogeneous Structure","authors":"Yafei Wang, Zhanrong Zhang, Xingpei Kang, Hao Xie, Chenchen Wang, Kun Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/1448371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1448371","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the complexity in the heterogeneous internal structure and interactions between rocks and soil, the slide of soil–rock mixed slope is usually more complex than that of a homogeneous soil slope. This paper investigated the stability of soil–rock mixed slopes with finite element method (FEM) based on random heterogeneous structure. An image-aided approach was used to generate the 2-D and 3-D digital rocks to ensure the morphology of digital rocks was similar with the real rocks. The 2-D and 3-D soil–rock mixed slopes were then generated by placing the digital rocks into the soil matrix. The generated heterogeneous structures of soil–rock mixed slope were imported into ABAQUS for numerical analysis. The effect of rock content, spatial distributions, material properties, and rock–soil interface on the stability of soil–rock mixed slopes were analyzed. Results show that the stability factor of the soil–rock mixed slope increases with the increase of rock content. The rocks can play a certain degree of antislide effect in the slope. The uneven spatial distribution of rocks has effect on the overall stability of soil–rock mixed slope. This effect is more significant when the rock content is moderate. Rocks distributed in the middle layer of the slope may improve the overall antisliding performance of the slope. The stability factor decreases with the increase of rock density. While the effect of rock elastic modulus on stability of soil–rock mixed slope is relatively limited. The contact condition at the soil–rock interface has effect on the overall stability of soil–rock mixed slope. It is recommended to properly determine the interface properties for stability analysis of soil–rock mixed slope.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to address challenges encountered in the design of foundation pit support systems for soft soil areas, which include vague calculation methodologies, insufficiently representative parameters, and limited design engineer experience. To address these issues, we conducted a comprehensive review of successful and failed case studies and observed that actual working conditions significantly impact the calculation method of soil and water pressures as well as the selection of representative strength values. Furthermore, we found discrepancies between the current calculation methods for factors such as antiuplift and overall stability and practical applications. When calculating forces like sliding torque and antisliding moment, the choice between using saturated or buoyant gravity can have significant implications. Additionally, we observed that under high pit edge loads, such as 20 kPa, the maximum bending moment in cantilever piles can significantly increase, necessitating stringent limits on these loads. Therefore, in designing foundation pit support systems for soft soil areas, it is essential to consider practical site conditions and lessons learned from previous projects. By selecting appropriate calculation methods and parameters, we can ensure the accuracy and safety of these critical structures.
{"title":"Analysis of Foundation Pit Support Selection and Design Problems in Deep Soft Soil Area","authors":"Mengmeng Zang, Quan Peng, Cuiying Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/2779898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2779898","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to address challenges encountered in the design of foundation pit support systems for soft soil areas, which include vague calculation methodologies, insufficiently representative parameters, and limited design engineer experience. To address these issues, we conducted a comprehensive review of successful and failed case studies and observed that actual working conditions significantly impact the calculation method of soil and water pressures as well as the selection of representative strength values. Furthermore, we found discrepancies between the current calculation methods for factors such as antiuplift and overall stability and practical applications. When calculating forces like sliding torque and antisliding moment, the choice between using saturated or buoyant gravity can have significant implications. Additionally, we observed that under high pit edge loads, such as 20 kPa, the maximum bending moment in cantilever piles can significantly increase, necessitating stringent limits on these loads. Therefore, in designing foundation pit support systems for soft soil areas, it is essential to consider practical site conditions and lessons learned from previous projects. By selecting appropriate calculation methods and parameters, we can ensure the accuracy and safety of these critical structures.","PeriodicalId":7242,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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