首页 > 最新文献

BME frontiers最新文献

英文 中文
A Low-Cost High-Performance Data Augmentation for Deep Learning-Based Skin Lesion Classification. 用于基于深度学习的皮肤损伤分类的低成本高性能数据增强。
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2022-04-26 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9765307
Shuwei Shen, Mengjuan Xu, Fan Zhang, Pengfei Shao, Honghong Liu, Liang Xu, Chi Zhang, Peng Liu, Peng Yao, Ronald X Xu

Objective and Impact Statement. There is a need to develop high-performance and low-cost data augmentation strategies for intelligent skin cancer screening devices that can be deployed in rural or underdeveloped communities. The proposed strategy can not only improve the classification performance of skin lesions but also highlight the potential regions of interest for clinicians' attention. This strategy can also be implemented in a broad range of clinical disciplines for early screening and automatic diagnosis of many other diseases in low resource settings. Methods. We propose a high-performance data augmentation strategy of search space 101, which can be combined with any model through a plug-and-play mode and search for the best argumentation method for a medical database with low resource cost. Results. With EfficientNets as a baseline, the best BACC of HAM10000 is 0.853, outperforming the other published models of "single-model and no-external-database" for ISIC 2018 Lesion Diagnosis Challenge (Task 3). The best average AUC performance on ISIC 2017 achieves 0.909 (±0.015), exceeding most of the ensembling models and those using external datasets. Performance on Derm7pt archives the best BACC of 0.735 (±0.018) ahead of all other related studies. Moreover, the model-based heatmaps generated by Grad-CAM++ verify the accurate selection of lesion features in model judgment, further proving the scientific rationality of model-based diagnosis. Conclusion. The proposed data augmentation strategy greatly reduces the computational cost for clinically intelligent diagnosis of skin lesions. It may also facilitate further research in low-cost, portable, and AI-based mobile devices for skin cancer screening and therapeutic guidance.

目标和影响声明。需要为癌症智能皮肤筛查设备开发高性能和低成本的数据增强策略,这些设备可以部署在农村或欠发达社区。所提出的策略不仅可以提高皮肤病变的分类性能,还可以突出临床医生关注的潜在兴趣区域。这一策略也可以在广泛的临床学科中实施,用于在低资源环境中对许多其他疾病进行早期筛查和自动诊断。方法。我们提出了一种搜索空间101的高性能数据扩充策略,该策略可以通过即插即用模式与任何模型相结合,以低资源成本搜索医学数据库的最佳论证方法。后果以EfficientNets为基线,HAM10000的最佳BACC为0.853,优于ISIC 2018损伤诊断挑战赛(任务3)中“单一模型且无外部数据库”的其他已发表模型。ISIC 2017的最佳平均AUC性能达到0.909(±0.015),超过了大多数组合模型和使用外部数据集的模型。Derm7pt的表现显示出最佳BACC为0.735(±0.018),领先于所有其他相关研究。此外,Grad CAM++生成的基于模型的热图验证了模型判断中病变特征的准确选择,进一步证明了基于模型诊断的科学合理性。结论所提出的数据增强策略大大降低了临床智能诊断皮肤病变的计算成本。它还可以促进低成本、便携式和基于人工智能的移动设备的进一步研究,用于皮肤癌症筛查和治疗指导。
{"title":"A Low-Cost High-Performance Data Augmentation for Deep Learning-Based Skin Lesion Classification.","authors":"Shuwei Shen, Mengjuan Xu, Fan Zhang, Pengfei Shao, Honghong Liu, Liang Xu, Chi Zhang, Peng Liu, Peng Yao, Ronald X Xu","doi":"10.34133/2022/9765307","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2022/9765307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Impact Statement</i>. There is a need to develop high-performance and low-cost data augmentation strategies for intelligent skin cancer screening devices that can be deployed in rural or underdeveloped communities. The proposed strategy can not only improve the classification performance of skin lesions but also highlight the potential regions of interest for clinicians' attention. This strategy can also be implemented in a broad range of clinical disciplines for early screening and automatic diagnosis of many other diseases in low resource settings. <i>Methods</i>. We propose a high-performance data augmentation strategy of search space 10<sup>1</sup>, which can be combined with any model through a plug-and-play mode and search for the best argumentation method for a medical database with low resource cost. <i>Results</i>. With EfficientNets as a baseline, the best BACC of HAM10000 is 0.853, outperforming the other published models of \"single-model and no-external-database\" for ISIC 2018 Lesion Diagnosis Challenge (Task 3). The best average AUC performance on ISIC 2017 achieves 0.909 (±0.015), exceeding most of the ensembling models and those using external datasets. Performance on Derm7pt archives the best BACC of 0.735 (±0.018) ahead of all other related studies. Moreover, the model-based heatmaps generated by Grad-CAM++ verify the accurate selection of lesion features in model judgment, further proving the scientific rationality of model-based diagnosis. <i>Conclusion</i>. The proposed data augmentation strategy greatly reduces the computational cost for clinically intelligent diagnosis of skin lesions. It may also facilitate further research in low-cost, portable, and AI-based mobile devices for skin cancer screening and therapeutic guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation from Single-Lead ECG Using Deep Learning of the Cardiac Cycle. 利用心动周期的深度学习从单导联心电图中自动检测心房颤动。
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2022-04-12 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9813062
Alina Dubatovka, Joachim M Buhmann

Objective and Impact Statement. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious medical condition that requires effective and timely treatment to prevent stroke. We explore deep neural networks (DNNs) for learning cardiac cycles and reliably detecting AF from single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Introduction. Electrocardiograms are widely used for diagnosis of various cardiac dysfunctions including AF. The huge amount of collected ECGs and recent algorithmic advances to process time-series data with DNNs substantially improve the accuracy of the AF diagnosis. DNNs, however, are often designed as general purpose black-box models and lack interpretability of their decisions. Methods. We design a three-step pipeline for AF detection from ECGs. First, a recording is split into a sequence of individual heartbeats based on R-peak detection. Individual heartbeats are then encoded using a DNN that extracts interpretable features of a heartbeat by disentangling the duration of a heartbeat from its shape. Second, the sequence of heartbeat codes is passed to a DNN to combine a signal-level representation capturing heart rhythm. Third, the signal representations are passed to a DNN for detecting AF. Results. Our approach demonstrates a superior performance to existing ECG analysis methods on AF detection. Additionally, the method provides interpretations of the features extracted from heartbeats by DNNs and enables cardiologists to study ECGs in terms of the shapes of individual heartbeats and rhythm of the whole signals. Conclusion. By considering ECGs on two levels and employing DNNs for modelling of cardiac cycles, this work presents a method for reliable detection of AF from single-lead ECGs.

目标和影响声明。心房颤动(AF)是一种严重的疾病,需要及时有效的治疗来预防中风。我们探索了深度神经网络(DNN),用于学习心动周期并从单导联心电图(ECG)信号中可靠地检测AF。介绍心电图被广泛用于诊断包括房颤在内的各种心脏功能障碍。大量收集的心电图和最近使用DNN处理时间序列数据的算法进步大大提高了房颤诊断的准确性。然而,DNN通常被设计为通用的黑盒模型,并且缺乏其决策的可解释性。方法。我们设计了一个从心电图中检测AF的三步流水线。首先,基于R峰值检测,将记录分割为单个心跳序列。然后使用DNN对单个心跳进行编码,该DNN通过将心跳的持续时间与其形状解开来提取心跳的可解释特征。其次,将心跳代码序列传递给DNN以组合捕获心律的信号电平表示。第三,将信号表示传递给DNN以检测AF。结果。我们的方法在AF检测方面的性能优于现有的ECG分析方法。此外,该方法提供了DNN从心跳中提取的特征的解释,并使心脏病专家能够根据单个心跳的形状和整个信号的节律来研究心电图。结论通过在两个水平上考虑心电图,并使用DNN对心动周期进行建模,这项工作提出了一种从单导联心电图中可靠检测AF的方法。
{"title":"Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation from Single-Lead ECG Using Deep Learning of the Cardiac Cycle.","authors":"Alina Dubatovka, Joachim M Buhmann","doi":"10.34133/2022/9813062","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2022/9813062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Impact Statement</i>. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious medical condition that requires effective and timely treatment to prevent stroke. We explore deep neural networks (DNNs) for learning cardiac cycles and reliably detecting AF from single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. <i>Introduction</i>. Electrocardiograms are widely used for diagnosis of various cardiac dysfunctions including AF. The huge amount of collected ECGs and recent algorithmic advances to process time-series data with DNNs substantially improve the accuracy of the AF diagnosis. DNNs, however, are often designed as general purpose black-box models and lack interpretability of their decisions. <i>Methods</i>. We design a three-step pipeline for AF detection from ECGs. First, a recording is split into a sequence of individual heartbeats based on R-peak detection. Individual heartbeats are then encoded using a DNN that extracts interpretable features of a heartbeat by disentangling the duration of a heartbeat from its shape. Second, the sequence of heartbeat codes is passed to a DNN to combine a signal-level representation capturing heart rhythm. Third, the signal representations are passed to a DNN for detecting AF. <i>Results</i>. Our approach demonstrates a superior performance to existing ECG analysis methods on AF detection. Additionally, the method provides interpretations of the features extracted from heartbeats by DNNs and enables cardiologists to study ECGs in terms of the shapes of individual heartbeats and rhythm of the whole signals. <i>Conclusion</i>. By considering ECGs on two levels and employing DNNs for modelling of cardiac cycles, this work presents a method for reliable detection of AF from single-lead ECGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Colorectal Cancer via Raman Spectra. 一种通过拉曼光谱检测大肠癌癌症的深度学习方法。
Pub Date : 2022-04-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9872028
Zheng Cao, Xiang Pan, Hongyun Yu, Shiyuan Hua, Da Wang, Danny Z Chen, Min Zhou, Jian Wu

Objective and Impact Statement. Distinguishing tumors from normal tissues is vital in the intraoperative diagnosis and pathological examination. In this work, we propose to utilize Raman spectroscopy as a novel modality in surgery to detect colorectal cancer tissues. Introduction. Raman spectra can reflect the substance components of the target tissues. However, the feature peak is slight and hard to detect due to environmental noise. Collecting a high-quality Raman spectroscopy dataset and developing effective deep learning detection methods are possibly viable approaches. Methods. First, we collect a large Raman spectroscopy dataset from 26 colorectal cancer patients with the Raman shift ranging from 385 to 1545 cm-1. Second, a one-dimensional residual convolutional neural network (1D-ResNet) architecture is designed to classify the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer. Third, we visualize and interpret the fingerprint peaks found by our deep learning model. Results. Experimental results show that our deep learning method achieves 98.5% accuracy in the detection of colorectal cancer and outperforms traditional methods. Conclusion. Overall, Raman spectra are a novel modality for clinical detection of colorectal cancer. Our proposed ensemble 1D-ResNet could effectively classify the Raman spectra obtained from colorectal tumor tissues or normal tissues.

目标和影响声明。区分肿瘤和正常组织在术中诊断和病理检查中至关重要。在这项工作中,我们建议利用拉曼光谱作为一种新的手术方式来检测结直肠癌癌症组织。介绍拉曼光谱可以反映目标组织的物质成分。然而,由于环境噪声,特征峰值是轻微的并且难以检测。收集高质量的拉曼光谱数据集和开发有效的深度学习检测方法可能是可行的方法。方法。首先,我们从26名癌症结直肠癌患者中收集了一个大型拉曼光谱数据集,拉曼位移范围在385到1545之间 厘米 -1.其次,设计了一种一维残差卷积神经网络(1D-ResNet)结构,对癌症肿瘤组织进行分类。第三,我们对深度学习模型发现的指纹峰值进行可视化和解释。后果实验结果表明,我们的深度学习方法在癌症检测中的准确率达到98.5%,优于传统方法。结论总的来说,拉曼光谱是一种用于癌症临床检测的新模式。我们提出的集成1D ResNet可以有效地对从结直肠癌组织或正常组织获得的拉曼光谱进行分类。
{"title":"A Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Colorectal Cancer via Raman Spectra.","authors":"Zheng Cao,&nbsp;Xiang Pan,&nbsp;Hongyun Yu,&nbsp;Shiyuan Hua,&nbsp;Da Wang,&nbsp;Danny Z Chen,&nbsp;Min Zhou,&nbsp;Jian Wu","doi":"10.34133/2022/9872028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9872028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Impact Statement.</i> Distinguishing tumors from normal tissues is vital in the intraoperative diagnosis and pathological examination. In this work, we propose to utilize Raman spectroscopy as a novel modality in surgery to detect colorectal cancer tissues. <i>Introduction.</i> Raman spectra can reflect the substance components of the target tissues. However, the feature peak is slight and hard to detect due to environmental noise. Collecting a high-quality Raman spectroscopy dataset and developing effective deep learning detection methods are possibly viable approaches. <i>Methods.</i> First, we collect a large Raman spectroscopy dataset from 26 colorectal cancer patients with the Raman shift ranging from 385 to 1545 cm<math><msup><mrow><mtext> </mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. Second, a one-dimensional residual convolutional neural network (1D-ResNet) architecture is designed to classify the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer. Third, we visualize and interpret the fingerprint peaks found by our deep learning model. <i>Results.</i> Experimental results show that our deep learning method achieves 98.5% accuracy in the detection of colorectal cancer and outperforms traditional methods. <i>Conclusion.</i> Overall, Raman spectra are a novel modality for clinical detection of colorectal cancer. Our proposed ensemble 1D-ResNet could effectively classify the Raman spectra obtained from colorectal tumor tissues or normal tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Blood-Brain Barrier Opening by Individualized Closed-Loop Feedback Control of Focused Ultrasound. 聚焦超声的个性化闭环反馈控制打开血脑屏障。
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9867230
Chih-Yen Chien, Yaoheng Yang, Yan Gong, Yimei Yue, Hong Chen

Objective and Impact Statement. To develop an approach for individualized closed-loop feedback control of microbubble cavitation to achieve safe and effective focused ultrasound in combination with microbubble-induced blood-brain barrier opening (FUS-BBBO). Introduction. FUS-BBBO is a promising strategy for noninvasive and localized brain drug delivery with a growing number of clinical studies currently ongoing. Real-time cavitation monitoring and feedback control are critical to achieving safe and effective FUS-BBBO. However, feedback control algorithms used in the past were either open-loop or without consideration of baseline cavitation level difference among subjects. Methods. This study performed feedback-controlled FUS-BBBO by defining the target cavitation level based on the baseline stable cavitation level of an individual subject with "dummy" FUS sonication. The dummy FUS sonication applied FUS with a low acoustic pressure for a short duration in the presence of microbubbles to define the baseline stable cavitation level that took into consideration of individual differences in the detected cavitation emissions. FUS-BBBO was then achieved through two sonication phases: ramping-up phase to reach the target cavitation level and maintaining phase to control the stable cavitation level at the target cavitation level. Results. Evaluations performed in wild-type mice demonstrated that this approach achieved effective and safe trans-BBB delivery of a model drug. The drug delivery efficiency increased as the target cavitation level increased from 0.5 dB to 2 dB without causing vascular damage. Increasing the target cavitation level to 3 dB and 4 dB increased the probability of tissue damage. Conclusions. Safe and effective brain drug delivery was achieved using the individualized closed-loop feedback-controlled FUS-BBBO.

目标和影响声明。开发一种对微气泡空化进行个性化闭环反馈控制的方法,以实现安全有效的聚焦超声与微气泡诱导的血脑屏障开放(FUS-BBBO)相结合。介绍FUS-BBBO是一种很有前途的非侵入性和局部脑给药策略,目前正在进行越来越多的临床研究。实时空化监测和反馈控制对于实现安全有效的FUS-BBBO至关重要。然而,过去使用的反馈控制算法要么是开环的,要么没有考虑受试者之间的基线空化水平差异。方法。本研究通过基于具有“伪”FUS超声处理的个体受试者的基线稳定空化水平来定义目标空化水平,来执行反馈控制的FUS-BBBO。在存在微气泡的情况下,伪FUS超声处理在短时间内以低声压应用FUS,以确定基线稳定空化水平,该水平考虑了检测到的空化发射的个体差异。然后通过两个超声处理阶段实现FUS-BBBO:上升阶段以达到目标空化水平,维持阶段以将稳定的空化水平控制在目标空化水平。后果在野生型小鼠中进行的评估表明,这种方法实现了模型药物的有效和安全的跨血脑屏障递送。药物递送效率随着目标空化水平从0.5增加而增加 dB至2 dB而不会造成血管损伤。将目标空化水平提高到3 dB和4 dB增加了组织损伤的概率。结论。使用个体化闭环反馈控制的FUS-BBBO实现了安全有效的脑药物递送。
{"title":"Blood-Brain Barrier Opening by Individualized Closed-Loop Feedback Control of Focused Ultrasound.","authors":"Chih-Yen Chien, Yaoheng Yang, Yan Gong, Yimei Yue, Hong Chen","doi":"10.34133/2022/9867230","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2022/9867230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Impact Statement</i>. To develop an approach for individualized closed-loop feedback control of microbubble cavitation to achieve safe and effective focused ultrasound in combination with microbubble-induced blood-brain barrier opening (FUS-BBBO). <i>Introduction</i>. FUS-BBBO is a promising strategy for noninvasive and localized brain drug delivery with a growing number of clinical studies currently ongoing. Real-time cavitation monitoring and feedback control are critical to achieving safe and effective FUS-BBBO. However, feedback control algorithms used in the past were either open-loop or without consideration of baseline cavitation level difference among subjects. <i>Methods</i>. This study performed feedback-controlled FUS-BBBO by defining the target cavitation level based on the baseline stable cavitation level of an individual subject with \"dummy\" FUS sonication. The dummy FUS sonication applied FUS with a low acoustic pressure for a short duration in the presence of microbubbles to define the baseline stable cavitation level that took into consideration of individual differences in the detected cavitation emissions. FUS-BBBO was then achieved through two sonication phases: ramping-up phase to reach the target cavitation level and maintaining phase to control the stable cavitation level at the target cavitation level. <i>Results</i>. Evaluations performed in wild-type mice demonstrated that this approach achieved effective and safe trans-BBB delivery of a model drug. The drug delivery efficiency increased as the target cavitation level increased from 0.5 dB to 2 dB without causing vascular damage. Increasing the target cavitation level to 3 dB and 4 dB increased the probability of tissue damage. <i>Conclusions</i>. Safe and effective brain drug delivery was achieved using the individualized closed-loop feedback-controlled FUS-BBBO.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep Segmentation Feature-Based Radiomics Improves Recurrence Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 基于深度分割特征的放射组学改进了肝细胞癌复发预测。
Pub Date : 2022-04-04 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9793716
Jifei Wang, Dasheng Wu, Meili Sun, Zhenpeng Peng, Yingyu Lin, Hongxin Lin, Jiazhao Chen, Tingyu Long, Zi-Ping Li, Chuanmiao Xie, Bingsheng Huang, Shi-Ting Feng

Objective and Impact Statement. This study developed and validated a deep semantic segmentation feature-based radiomics (DSFR) model based on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) combined with clinical information to predict early recurrence (ER) of single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. ER prediction is of great significance to the therapeutic decision-making and surveillance strategy of HCC. Introduction. ER prediction is important for HCC. However, it cannot currently be adequately determined. Methods. Totally, 208 patients with single HCC after curative resection were retrospectively recruited into a model-development cohort (n=180) and an independent validation cohort (n=28). DSFR models based on different CT phases were developed. The optimal DSFR model was incorporated with clinical information to establish a DSFR-C model. An integrated nomogram based on the Cox regression was established. The DSFR signature was used to stratify high- and low-risk ER groups. Results. A portal phase-based DSFR model was selected as the optimal model (area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): development cohort, 0.740; validation cohort, 0.717). The DSFR-C model achieved AUCs of 0.782 and 0.744 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. In the development and validation cohorts, the integrated nomogram achieved C-index of 0.748 and 0.741 and time-dependent AUCs of 0.823 and 0.822, respectively, for recurrence-free survival (RFS) prediction. The RFS difference between the risk groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001 and P=0.045 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively). Conclusion. CECT-based DSFR can predict ER in single HCC after curative resection, and its combination with clinical information further improved the performance for ER prediction.

目标和影响声明。本研究开发并验证了一种基于深度语义分割特征的放射组学(DSFR)模型,该模型基于术前对比增强计算机断层扫描(CECT)和临床信息,用于预测单肝细胞癌(HCC)根治性切除后的早期复发(ER)。ER预测对HCC的治疗决策和监测策略具有重要意义。介绍ER预测对HCC非常重要。然而,目前还不能充分确定。方法。共有208名根治性切除后的单发性HCC患者被回顾性纳入模型开发队列(n=180)和独立验证队列(n=28)。开发了基于不同CT阶段的DSFR模型。将最佳DSFR模型与临床信息相结合,建立DSFR-C模型。建立了基于Cox回归的综合列线图。DSFR特征用于对高危和低危ER组进行分层。后果选择基于门脉期的DSFR模型作为最佳模型(受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC):发育队列,0.740;验证队列,0.717)。DSFR-C模型在开发和验证队列中的AUC分别为0.782和0.744。在开发和验证队列中,综合列线图实现了无复发生存期(RFS)预测的C指数分别为0.748和0.741,时间相关AUC分别为0.823和0.822。风险组之间的RFS差异具有统计学意义(开发组和验证组分别为P0.001和P=0.045)。结论基于CECT的DSFR可以预测治愈性切除后单个HCC的ER,其与临床信息的结合进一步提高了ER预测的性能。
{"title":"Deep Segmentation Feature-Based Radiomics Improves Recurrence Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Jifei Wang,&nbsp;Dasheng Wu,&nbsp;Meili Sun,&nbsp;Zhenpeng Peng,&nbsp;Yingyu Lin,&nbsp;Hongxin Lin,&nbsp;Jiazhao Chen,&nbsp;Tingyu Long,&nbsp;Zi-Ping Li,&nbsp;Chuanmiao Xie,&nbsp;Bingsheng Huang,&nbsp;Shi-Ting Feng","doi":"10.34133/2022/9793716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9793716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Impact Statement</i>. This study developed and validated a deep semantic segmentation feature-based radiomics (DSFR) model based on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) combined with clinical information to predict early recurrence (ER) of single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. ER prediction is of great significance to the therapeutic decision-making and surveillance strategy of HCC. <i>Introduction</i>. ER prediction is important for HCC. However, it cannot currently be adequately determined. <i>Methods</i>. Totally, 208 patients with single HCC after curative resection were retrospectively recruited into a model-development cohort (<math><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>180</mn></math>) and an independent validation cohort (<math><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>28</mn></math>). DSFR models based on different CT phases were developed. The optimal DSFR model was incorporated with clinical information to establish a DSFR-C model. An integrated nomogram based on the Cox regression was established. The DSFR signature was used to stratify high- and low-risk ER groups. <i>Results</i>. A portal phase-based DSFR model was selected as the optimal model (area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): development cohort, 0.740; validation cohort, 0.717). The DSFR-C model achieved AUCs of 0.782 and 0.744 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. In the development and validation cohorts, the integrated nomogram achieved C-index of 0.748 and 0.741 and time-dependent AUCs of 0.823 and 0.822, respectively, for recurrence-free survival (RFS) prediction. The RFS difference between the risk groups was statistically significant (<math><mi>P</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.0001</mn></math> and <math><mi>P</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.045</mn></math> in the development and validation cohorts, respectively). <i>Conclusion</i>. CECT-based DSFR can predict ER in single HCC after curative resection, and its combination with clinical information further improved the performance for ER prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Breast Cancer Induced Bone Osteolysis Prediction Using Temporal Variational Autoencoders. 使用时间变分自动编码器预测癌症诱发的骨溶解。
Pub Date : 2022-04-02 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9763284
Wei Xiong, Neil Yeung, Shubo Wang, Haofu Liao, Liyun Wang, Jiebo Luo

Objective and Impact Statement. We adopt a deep learning model for bone osteolysis prediction on computed tomography (CT) images of murine breast cancer bone metastases. Given the bone CT scans at previous time steps, the model incorporates the bone-cancer interactions learned from the sequential images and generates future CT images. Its ability of predicting the development of bone lesions in cancer-invading bones can assist in assessing the risk of impending fractures and choosing proper treatments in breast cancer bone metastasis. Introduction. Breast cancer often metastasizes to bone, causes osteolytic lesions, and results in skeletal-related events (SREs) including severe pain and even fatal fractures. Although current imaging techniques can detect macroscopic bone lesions, predicting the occurrence and progression of bone lesions remains a challenge. Methods. We adopt a temporal variational autoencoder (T-VAE) model that utilizes a combination of variational autoencoders and long short-term memory networks to predict bone lesion emergence on our micro-CT dataset containing sequential images of murine tibiae. Given the CT scans of murine tibiae at early weeks, our model can learn the distribution of their future states from data. Results. We test our model against other deep learning-based prediction models on the bone lesion progression prediction task. Our model produces much more accurate predictions than existing models under various evaluation metrics. Conclusion. We develop a deep learning framework that can accurately predict and visualize the progression of osteolytic bone lesions. It will assist in planning and evaluating treatment strategies to prevent SREs in breast cancer patients.

目标和影响声明。我们采用深度学习模型对小鼠乳腺癌症骨转移的计算机断层扫描(CT)图像进行骨溶解预测。给定先前时间步骤的骨CT扫描,该模型结合了从序列图像中学习到的骨癌相互作用,并生成未来的CT图像。它预测癌症侵袭骨中骨病变发展的能力可以帮助评估即将发生骨折的风险,并选择乳腺癌症骨转移的正确治疗方法。介绍癌症通常转移到骨骼,引起溶骨性病变,并导致骨骼相关事件(SRE),包括剧烈疼痛甚至致命骨折。尽管目前的成像技术可以检测宏观骨损伤,但预测骨损伤的发生和进展仍然是一个挑战。方法。我们采用了一种时间变分自动编码器(T-VAE)模型,该模型利用变分自动编码和长短期记忆网络的组合,在包含小鼠胫骨序列图像的微CT数据集上预测骨损伤的出现。考虑到小鼠胫骨在早期几周的CT扫描,我们的模型可以从数据中了解它们未来状态的分布。后果在骨损伤进展预测任务中,我们将我们的模型与其他基于深度学习的预测模型进行了比较。在各种评估指标下,我们的模型比现有模型产生了更准确的预测。结论我们开发了一个深度学习框架,可以准确预测和可视化溶骨性骨病变的进展。它将有助于规划和评估预防癌症患者SRE的治疗策略。
{"title":"Breast Cancer Induced Bone Osteolysis Prediction Using Temporal Variational Autoencoders.","authors":"Wei Xiong,&nbsp;Neil Yeung,&nbsp;Shubo Wang,&nbsp;Haofu Liao,&nbsp;Liyun Wang,&nbsp;Jiebo Luo","doi":"10.34133/2022/9763284","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2022/9763284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Impact Statement</i>. We adopt a deep learning model for bone osteolysis prediction on computed tomography (CT) images of murine breast cancer bone metastases. Given the bone CT scans at previous time steps, the model incorporates the bone-cancer interactions learned from the sequential images and generates future CT images. Its ability of predicting the development of bone lesions in cancer-invading bones can assist in assessing the risk of impending fractures and choosing proper treatments in breast cancer bone metastasis. <i>Introduction</i>. Breast cancer often metastasizes to bone, causes osteolytic lesions, and results in skeletal-related events (SREs) including severe pain and even fatal fractures. Although current imaging techniques can detect macroscopic bone lesions, predicting the occurrence and progression of bone lesions remains a challenge. <i>Methods</i>. We adopt a temporal variational autoencoder (T-VAE) model that utilizes a combination of variational autoencoders and long short-term memory networks to predict bone lesion emergence on our micro-CT dataset containing sequential images of murine tibiae. Given the CT scans of murine tibiae at early weeks, our model can learn the distribution of their future states from data. <i>Results</i>. We test our model against other deep learning-based prediction models on the bone lesion progression prediction task. Our model produces much more accurate predictions than existing models under various evaluation metrics. <i>Conclusion</i>. We develop a deep learning framework that can accurately predict and visualize the progression of osteolytic bone lesions. It will assist in planning and evaluating treatment strategies to prevent SREs in breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Preoperative Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer with Deep Learning. 癌症结直肠癌术前淋巴结转移的深度学习预测。
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9860179
Hailing Liu, Yu Zhao, Fan Yang, Xiaoying Lou, Feng Wu, Hang Li, Xiaohan Xing, Tingying Peng, Bjoern Menze, Junzhou Huang, Shujun Zhang, Anjia Han, Jianhua Yao, Xinjuan Fan

Objective. To develop an artificial intelligence method predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Impact Statement. A novel interpretable multimodal AI-based method to predict LNM for CRC patients by integrating information of pathological images and serum tumor-specific biomarkers. Introduction. Preoperative diagnosis of LNM is essential in treatment planning for CRC patients. Existing radiology imaging and genomic tests approaches are either unreliable or too costly. Methods. A total of 1338 patients were recruited, where 1128 patients from one centre were included as the discovery cohort and 210 patients from other two centres were involved as the external validation cohort. We developed a Multimodal Multiple Instance Learning (MMIL) model to learn latent features from pathological images and then jointly integrated the clinical biomarker features for predicting LNM status. The heatmaps of the obtained MMIL model were generated for model interpretation. Results. The MMIL model outperformed preoperative radiology-imaging diagnosis and yielded high area under the curve (AUCs) of 0.926, 0.878, 0.809, and 0.857 for patients with stage T1, T2, T3, and T4 CRC, on the discovery cohort. On the external cohort, it obtained AUCs of 0.855, 0.832, 0.691, and 0.792, respectively (T1-T4), which indicates its prediction accuracy and potential adaptability among multiple centres. Conclusion. The MMIL model showed the potential in the early diagnosis of LNM by referring to pathological images and tumor-specific biomarkers, which is easily accessed in different institutes. We revealed the histomorphologic features determining the LNM prediction indicating the model ability to learn informative latent features.

客观的开发一种预测癌症(CRC)患者淋巴结转移(LNM)的人工智能方法。影响声明。一种新的可解释的基于多模式AI的方法,通过整合病理图像和血清肿瘤特异性生物标志物的信息来预测CRC患者的LNM。介绍LNM的术前诊断对CRC患者的治疗计划至关重要。现有的放射学成像和基因组测试方法要么不可靠,要么成本太高。方法。共招募了1338名患者,其中来自一个中心的1128名患者被纳入发现队列,来自其他两个中心的210名患者被参与外部验证队列。我们开发了一个多模式多实例学习(MMIL)模型来从病理图像中学习潜在特征,然后联合整合临床生物标志物特征来预测LNM状态。生成所获得的MMIL模型的热图用于模型解释。后果MMIL模型优于术前放射学成像诊断,在发现队列中,T1、T2、T3和T4期CRC患者的曲线下面积(AUCs)分别为0.926、0.878、0.809和0.857。在外部队列中,它获得的AUC分别为0.855、0.832、0.691和0.792(T1-T4),这表明它的预测准确性和在多个中心之间的潜在适应性。结论MMIL模型通过参考病理图像和肿瘤特异性生物标志物,显示了在LNM早期诊断中的潜力,这在不同的研究所很容易获得。我们揭示了决定LNM预测的组织形态学特征,表明模型学习信息性潜在特征的能力。
{"title":"Preoperative Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer with Deep Learning.","authors":"Hailing Liu,&nbsp;Yu Zhao,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoying Lou,&nbsp;Feng Wu,&nbsp;Hang Li,&nbsp;Xiaohan Xing,&nbsp;Tingying Peng,&nbsp;Bjoern Menze,&nbsp;Junzhou Huang,&nbsp;Shujun Zhang,&nbsp;Anjia Han,&nbsp;Jianhua Yao,&nbsp;Xinjuan Fan","doi":"10.34133/2022/9860179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9860179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>. To develop an artificial intelligence method predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). <i>Impact Statement</i>. A novel interpretable multimodal AI-based method to predict LNM for CRC patients by integrating information of pathological images and serum tumor-specific biomarkers. <i>Introduction</i>. Preoperative diagnosis of LNM is essential in treatment planning for CRC patients. Existing radiology imaging and genomic tests approaches are either unreliable or too costly. <i>Methods</i>. A total of 1338 patients were recruited, where 1128 patients from one centre were included as the discovery cohort and 210 patients from other two centres were involved as the external validation cohort. We developed a Multimodal Multiple Instance Learning (MMIL) model to learn latent features from pathological images and then jointly integrated the clinical biomarker features for predicting LNM status. The heatmaps of the obtained MMIL model were generated for model interpretation. <i>Results</i>. The MMIL model outperformed preoperative radiology-imaging diagnosis and yielded high area under the curve (AUCs) of 0.926, 0.878, 0.809, and 0.857 for patients with stage T1, T2, T3, and T4 CRC, on the discovery cohort. On the external cohort, it obtained AUCs of 0.855, 0.832, 0.691, and 0.792, respectively (T1-T4), which indicates its prediction accuracy and potential adaptability among multiple centres. <i>Conclusion</i>. The MMIL model showed the potential in the early diagnosis of LNM by referring to pathological images and tumor-specific biomarkers, which is easily accessed in different institutes. We revealed the histomorphologic features determining the LNM prediction indicating the model ability to learn informative latent features.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Connectivity-based Cortical Parcellation via Contrastive Learning on Spatial-Graph Convolution. 基于连通性的基于空间图卷积对比学习的皮层分割。
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2022-03-08 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9814824
Peiting You, Xiang Li, Fan Zhang, Quanzheng Li

Objective. Objective of this work is the development and evaluation of a cortical parcellation framework based on tractography-derived brain structural connectivity. Impact Statement. The proposed framework utilizes novel spatial-graph representation learning methods for solving the task of cortical parcellation, an important medical image analysis and neuroscientific problem. Introduction. The concept of "connectional fingerprint" has motivated many investigations on the connectivity-based cortical parcellation, especially with the technical advancement of diffusion imaging. Previous studies on multiple brain regions have been conducted with promising results. However, performance and applicability of these models are limited by the relatively simple computational scheme and the lack of effective representation of brain imaging data. Methods. We propose the Spatial-graph Convolution Parcellation (SGCP) framework, a two-stage deep learning-based modeling for the graph representation brain imaging. In the first stage, SGCP learns an effective embedding of the input data through a self-supervised contrastive learning scheme with the backbone encoder of a spatial-graph convolution network. In the second stage, SGCP learns a supervised classifier to perform voxel-wise classification for parcellating the desired brain region. Results. SGCP is evaluated on the parcellation task for 5 brain regions in a 15-subject DWI dataset. Performance comparisons between SGCP, traditional parcellation methods, and other deep learning-based methods show that SGCP can achieve superior performance in all the cases. Conclusion. Consistent good performance of the proposed SGCP framework indicates its potential to be used as a general solution for investigating the regional/subregional composition of human brain based on one or more connectivity measurements.

客观的这项工作的目的是开发和评估一种基于纤维束成像衍生的大脑结构连接的皮层分割框架。影响声明。所提出的框架利用新颖的空间图表示学习方法来解决皮层分割任务,这是一个重要的医学图像分析和神经科学问题。介绍“连接指纹”的概念激发了许多关于基于连接的皮层分割的研究,特别是随着扩散成像的技术进步。先前对多个大脑区域的研究已经取得了有希望的结果。然而,这些模型的性能和适用性受到相对简单的计算方案和缺乏大脑成像数据的有效表示的限制。方法。我们提出了空间图卷积分解(SGCP)框架,这是一种基于两阶段深度学习的图表示脑成像建模。在第一阶段,SGCP通过与空间图卷积网络的骨干编码器的自监督对比学习方案来学习输入数据的有效嵌入。在第二阶段,SGCP学习监督分类器来执行体素分类,以对所需的大脑区域进行分割。后果SGCP在15个受试者DWI数据集中的5个大脑区域的分割任务中进行评估。SGCP、传统分割方法和其他基于深度学习的方法之间的性能比较表明,SGCP在所有情况下都能获得优异的性能。结论所提出的SGCP框架的持续良好性能表明,它有潜力作为基于一个或多个连通性测量来研究人脑区域/次区域组成的通用解决方案。
{"title":"Connectivity-based Cortical Parcellation via Contrastive Learning on Spatial-Graph Convolution.","authors":"Peiting You, Xiang Li, Fan Zhang, Quanzheng Li","doi":"10.34133/2022/9814824","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2022/9814824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>. Objective of this work is the development and evaluation of a cortical parcellation framework based on tractography-derived brain structural connectivity. <i>Impact Statement</i>. The proposed framework utilizes novel spatial-graph representation learning methods for solving the task of cortical parcellation, an important medical image analysis and neuroscientific problem. <i>Introduction</i>. The concept of \"connectional fingerprint\" has motivated many investigations on the connectivity-based cortical parcellation, especially with the technical advancement of diffusion imaging. Previous studies on multiple brain regions have been conducted with promising results. However, performance and applicability of these models are limited by the relatively simple computational scheme and the lack of effective representation of brain imaging data. <i>Methods</i>. We propose the Spatial-graph Convolution Parcellation (SGCP) framework, a two-stage deep learning-based modeling for the graph representation brain imaging. In the first stage, SGCP learns an effective embedding of the input data through a self-supervised contrastive learning scheme with the backbone encoder of a spatial-graph convolution network. In the second stage, SGCP learns a supervised classifier to perform voxel-wise classification for parcellating the desired brain region. <i>Results</i>. SGCP is evaluated on the parcellation task for 5 brain regions in a 15-subject DWI dataset. Performance comparisons between SGCP, traditional parcellation methods, and other deep learning-based methods show that SGCP can achieve superior performance in all the cases. <i>Conclusion</i>. Consistent good performance of the proposed SGCP framework indicates its potential to be used as a general solution for investigating the regional/subregional composition of human brain based on one or more connectivity measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Performance Magnetic-core Coils for Targeted Rodent Brain Stimulations. 用于定向啮齿动物大脑刺激的高性能磁芯线圈。
Pub Date : 2022-03-05 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9854846
Hedyeh Bagherzadeh, Qinglei Meng, Hanbing Lu, Elliott Hong, Yihong Yang, Fow-Sen Choa

Objective and Impact Statement. There is a need to develop rodent coils capable of targeted brain stimulation for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms. We describe a novel rodent coil design to improve the focality for targeted stimulations in small rodent brains. Introduction. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is becoming increasingly important for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms. Preclinical studies permit invasive manipulations and are essential for the mechanistic understanding of TMS effects and explorations of therapeutic outcomes in disease models. However, existing TMS tools lack focality for targeted stimulations. Notably, there has been limited fundamental research on developing coils capable of focal stimulation at deep brain regions on small animals like rodents. Methods. In this study, ferromagnetic cores are added to a novel angle-tuned coil design to enhance the coil performance regarding penetration depth and focality. Numerical simulations and experimental electric field measurements were conducted to optimize the coil design. Results. The proposed coil system demonstrated a significantly smaller stimulation spot size and enhanced electric field decay rate in comparison to existing coils. Adding the ferromagnetic core reduces the energy requirements up to 60% for rodent brain stimulation. The simulated results are validated with experimental measurements and demonstration of suprathreshold rodent limb excitation through targeted motor cortex activation. Conclusion. The newly developed coils are suitable tools for focal stimulations of the rodent brain due to their smaller stimulation spot size and improved electric field decay rate.

目标和影响声明。需要开发能够靶向脑刺激的啮齿动物线圈,用于治疗神经精神疾病和了解大脑机制。我们描述了一种新颖的啮齿动物线圈设计,以提高小啮齿动物大脑中靶向刺激的聚焦性。介绍经颅磁刺激(TMS)在治疗神经精神疾病和了解大脑机制方面变得越来越重要。临床前研究允许进行侵入性操作,对于从机制上理解TMS效应和探索疾病模型中的治疗结果至关重要。然而,现有的TMS工具缺乏针对性刺激的重点。值得注意的是,关于开发能够对啮齿动物等小动物大脑深部区域进行局部刺激的线圈的基础研究有限。方法。在这项研究中,将铁磁芯添加到一种新颖的角度调谐线圈设计中,以提高线圈在穿透深度和聚焦方面的性能。进行了数值模拟和实验电场测量,以优化线圈设计。后果与现有线圈相比,所提出的线圈系统表现出明显更小的刺激点尺寸和增强的电场衰减率。添加铁磁芯可将啮齿动物大脑刺激的能量需求降低60%。模拟结果通过实验测量和通过靶向运动皮层激活的超阈值啮齿动物肢体兴奋的演示得到了验证。结论新开发的线圈是用于啮齿动物大脑局部刺激的合适工具,因为它们的刺激点尺寸更小,电场衰减率提高。
{"title":"High-Performance Magnetic-core Coils for Targeted Rodent Brain Stimulations.","authors":"Hedyeh Bagherzadeh,&nbsp;Qinglei Meng,&nbsp;Hanbing Lu,&nbsp;Elliott Hong,&nbsp;Yihong Yang,&nbsp;Fow-Sen Choa","doi":"10.34133/2022/9854846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9854846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Impact Statement</i>. There is a need to develop rodent coils capable of targeted brain stimulation for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms. We describe a novel rodent coil design to improve the focality for targeted stimulations in small rodent brains. <i>Introduction</i>. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is becoming increasingly important for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms. Preclinical studies permit invasive manipulations and are essential for the mechanistic understanding of TMS effects and explorations of therapeutic outcomes in disease models. However, existing TMS tools lack focality for targeted stimulations. Notably, there has been limited fundamental research on developing coils capable of focal stimulation at deep brain regions on small animals like rodents. <i>Methods</i>. In this study, ferromagnetic cores are added to a novel angle-tuned coil design to enhance the coil performance regarding penetration depth and focality. Numerical simulations and experimental electric field measurements were conducted to optimize the coil design. <i>Results</i>. The proposed coil system demonstrated a significantly smaller stimulation spot size and enhanced electric field decay rate in comparison to existing coils. Adding the ferromagnetic core reduces the energy requirements up to 60% for rodent brain stimulation. The simulated results are validated with experimental measurements and demonstration of suprathreshold rodent limb excitation through targeted motor cortex activation. <i>Conclusion</i>. The newly developed coils are suitable tools for focal stimulations of the rodent brain due to their smaller stimulation spot size and improved electric field decay rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Weakly- and Semisupervised Probabilistic Segmentation and Quantification of Reverberation Artifacts. 混响伪像的弱和半监督概率分割和量化。
Pub Date : 2022-02-25 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9837076
Alex Ling Yu Hung, Edward Chen, John Galeotti
Objective and Impact Statement. We propose a weakly- and semisupervised, probabilistic needle-and-reverberation-artifact segmentation algorithm to separate the desired tissue-based pixel values from the superimposed artifacts. Our method models the intensity decay of artifact intensities and is designed to minimize the human labeling error. Introduction. Ultrasound image quality has continually been improving. However, when needles or other metallic objects are operating inside the tissue, the resulting reverberation artifacts can severely corrupt the surrounding image quality. Such effects are challenging for existing computer vision algorithms for medical image analysis. Needle reverberation artifacts can be hard to identify at times and affect various pixel values to different degrees. The boundaries of such artifacts are ambiguous, leading to disagreement among human experts labeling the artifacts. Methods. Our learning-based framework consists of three parts. The first part is a probabilistic segmentation network to generate the soft labels based on the human labels. These soft labels are input into the second part which is the transform function, where the training labels for the third part are generated. The third part outputs the final masks which quantifies the reverberation artifacts. Results. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach and compare it against other segmentation algorithms. Our method is capable of both differentiating between the reverberations from artifact-free patches and modeling the intensity fall-off in the artifacts. Conclusion. Our method matches state-of-the-art artifact segmentation performance and sets a new standard in estimating the per-pixel contributions of artifact vs underlying anatomy, especially in the immediately adjacent regions between reverberation lines. Our algorithm is also able to improve the performance of downstream image analysis algorithms.
目标和影响声明。我们提出了一种弱监督和半监督的概率针状和混响伪影分割算法,以从叠加的伪影中分离出所需的基于组织的像素值。我们的方法对伪影强度的强度衰减进行建模,旨在最大限度地减少人为标记误差。介绍超声图像质量一直在不断提高。然而,当针头或其他金属物体在组织内操作时,产生的混响伪影会严重破坏周围的图像质量。这样的效果对于用于医学图像分析的现有计算机视觉算法是具有挑战性的。针形混响伪影有时很难识别,并在不同程度上影响各种像素值。这些人工制品的边界是模糊的,导致人类专家在标记人工制品时存在分歧。方法。我们基于学习的框架由三部分组成。第一部分是基于人类标签生成软标签的概率分割网络。这些软标签被输入到作为变换函数的第二部分中,其中生成用于第三部分的训练标签。第三部分输出量化混响伪影的最终掩模。后果我们证明了该方法的适用性,并将其与其他分割算法进行了比较。我们的方法能够区分来自无伪影补丁的反射,并对伪影中的强度衰减进行建模。结论我们的方法匹配了最先进的伪影分割性能,并在估计伪影与底层解剖结构的每像素贡献方面树立了一个新标准,尤其是在混响线之间的紧邻区域。我们的算法还能够提高下游图像分析算法的性能。
{"title":"Weakly- and Semisupervised Probabilistic Segmentation and Quantification of Reverberation Artifacts.","authors":"Alex Ling Yu Hung,&nbsp;Edward Chen,&nbsp;John Galeotti","doi":"10.34133/2022/9837076","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2022/9837076","url":null,"abstract":"Objective and Impact Statement. We propose a weakly- and semisupervised, probabilistic needle-and-reverberation-artifact segmentation algorithm to separate the desired tissue-based pixel values from the superimposed artifacts. Our method models the intensity decay of artifact intensities and is designed to minimize the human labeling error. Introduction. Ultrasound image quality has continually been improving. However, when needles or other metallic objects are operating inside the tissue, the resulting reverberation artifacts can severely corrupt the surrounding image quality. Such effects are challenging for existing computer vision algorithms for medical image analysis. Needle reverberation artifacts can be hard to identify at times and affect various pixel values to different degrees. The boundaries of such artifacts are ambiguous, leading to disagreement among human experts labeling the artifacts. Methods. Our learning-based framework consists of three parts. The first part is a probabilistic segmentation network to generate the soft labels based on the human labels. These soft labels are input into the second part which is the transform function, where the training labels for the third part are generated. The third part outputs the final masks which quantifies the reverberation artifacts. Results. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach and compare it against other segmentation algorithms. Our method is capable of both differentiating between the reverberations from artifact-free patches and modeling the intensity fall-off in the artifacts. Conclusion. Our method matches state-of-the-art artifact segmentation performance and sets a new standard in estimating the per-pixel contributions of artifact vs underlying anatomy, especially in the immediately adjacent regions between reverberation lines. Our algorithm is also able to improve the performance of downstream image analysis algorithms.","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
BME frontiers
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1