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Subalternity and Displacement in Rafia Zakaria’s “Upstairs Wife”: A Critique upon Pakistani Fiction 拉菲亚-扎卡里亚《楼上的妻子》中的次等性与流离失所:对巴基斯坦小说的批判
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v7n2p1
Maria Jabbar, Dr. Muhammad Arfan Lodhi
The study explored the themes of subalternity, displacement, and resistance in Rafia Zakaria’s book “Upstairs Wife”, which is set in Pakistan in the 1970s and 1980s against a backdrop of sociopolitical unrest. The research examined how characters—especially the heroine Amina—maneuver through overlapping kinds of oppression and marginalization within a patriarchal, economically stratified, and politically unstable society through careful reading and thematic analysis of the text. The research highlighted the widespread injustices and inequities that marginalized groups in Pakistani society must contend with, such as economic precarity, gendered subalternity, and religious othering. In addition, the research looked at the several ways that characters have been displaced on a physical, emotional, and political level. The research clarified the intricate processes of power, identity forms, and resistance among disadvantaged groups by examining the connections between subalternity and displacement. The findings provide insights for future study and scholarship on literature, identity, and power relations, as well as to larger conversations about social justice, empowerment, and human rights in Pakistan and throughout the world.
本研究探讨了拉菲亚-扎卡里亚(Rafia Zakaria)的著作《楼上的妻子》(Upstairs Wife)中的次等性、流离失所和反抗等主题,该书以 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代巴基斯坦的社会政治动荡为背景。研究通过对文本的仔细阅读和主题分析,探讨了书中人物--尤其是女主人公阿米娜--如何在一个父权制、经济分层和政治动荡的社会中,在各种相互重叠的压迫和边缘化中挣扎。研究强调了巴基斯坦社会中边缘化群体必须面对的普遍不公正和不公平现象,如经济不稳定、性别亚等性和宗教异化。此外,研究还探讨了人物在身体、情感和政治层面流离失所的几种方式。通过研究次等地位与流离失所之间的联系,研究阐明了弱势群体中错综复杂的权力、身份形式和反抗过程。研究结果为今后有关文学、身份和权力关系的研究和学术研究,以及巴基斯坦和全世界有关社会正义、赋权和人权的更广泛对话提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating Wellbeing and Coping: Quantitative Analysis of The Experiences of Teenager of Infidel Parents in Ibadan 幸福导航与应对:对伊巴丹父母不忠的青少年经历的定量分析
Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v7n1p1
Toluwanimi P. Esan, Y. L. Olaleye
Infidelity has a pervasive impact on social systems, but none is more affected than the nuclear family. However, existing studies have not explicitly focused on the experience of teenagers in low and middle-income countries like Nigeria. Hence, this study explored the psychosocial wellbeing and coping mechanism of teenagers with infidel parents in Ibadan. The study used descriptive survey research; 200 teenagers were selected through purposive sampling technique in secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis. A validated questionnaire (parental Infidelity, and psychosocial Wellbeing Questionnaire) was used. Data was analyzed at 0.05 level of significance, using inferential statistics. The study indicated that parental infidelity negatively affects the psychosocial wellbeing of teenagers in Ibadan Metropolis (F (2/196) = 26.3 < 0.05); the multiple regression indicates that coping skills such as problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping affects wellbeing of teenagers who have experienced parental infidelity in Ibadan Metropolis (P< 0.05). In conclusion, children experiencing parental infidelity utilize problem-focused coping skills, while there was a negative wellbeing among teenage from infidel parents. Hence, social workers should help teenagers with infidel parents to cope while navigating live stressors through innovative social work skills.
不忠对社会体系的影响无处不在,但受影响最大的莫过于核心家庭。然而,现有研究并未明确关注尼日利亚等中低收入国家青少年的经历。因此,本研究探讨了伊巴丹父母不忠的青少年的社会心理健康和应对机制。本研究采用了描述性调查研究方法;通过有目的的抽样技术,在伊巴丹市的中学中选取了 200 名青少年。使用了经过验证的问卷(父母不忠和社会心理健康问卷)。数据采用推断统计法进行分析,显著性水平为 0.05。研究表明,父母不忠对伊巴丹市青少年的社会心理健康有负面影响(F (2/196) = 26.3 < 0.05);多元回归表明,问题应对、情绪应对和回避应对等应对技能对伊巴丹市经历过父母不忠的青少年的健康有影响(P < 0.05)。总之,经历过父母不忠行为的孩子会使用以问题为中心的应对技能,而父母不忠的青少年则会出现消极的幸福感。因此,社会工作者应通过创新的社会工作技能,帮助父母不忠的青少年应对生活压力。
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引用次数: 0
Where are the Parents? The Drama of Youth Crime in the Media an Australian Focussed Discourse Analysis 父母在哪里?媒体中的青少年犯罪戏剧——以澳大利亚为中心的话语分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v6n4p1
Pamela D. Schulz
The language in media stories surrounding the high drama of juvenile and youth crime is very alarmist and continues to fuel political debates and demands for tougher penalties rather than the proverbial slap on the wrist for young offenders. Further there are fear discourse elements that suggest that for some politicians cited in the daily news cycle as being “out of control”. In opposition to this fear and alarmist discourse in the notion that the media news cycle highlights youth crime for its sensationalist perspectives and poor reporting of youth courts and their judgments in such matters. A comprehensive discourse analysis of youth crime reporting may suggest that media must take the blame for some of the inappropriate focus on youth crime as being selective. This yearlong study suggests that the public need more information to see for themselves whether the current moves and political debates need to be reviewed and refreshed. In addition, family supports are a signal to consider as presented by expert authorities involved in decision making and reporting.
媒体对青少年犯罪的报道非常危言耸听,并继续引发政治辩论,要求更严厉的惩罚,而不是对青少年罪犯的轻微惩罚。此外,还有恐惧话语因素表明,对于一些被每日新闻周期引用为“失控”的政客来说。与这种恐惧和危言耸听的言论相反,媒体新闻周期强调青少年犯罪,因为它的耸人听闻的观点和对青年法院及其在此类问题上的判决的糟糕报道。对青少年犯罪报道的全面话语分析可能表明,媒体必须承担一些对青少年犯罪的不适当关注的责任,因为这是有选择性的。这项为期一年的研究表明,公众需要更多的信息来自己判断当前的行动和政治辩论是否需要重新审视和更新。此外,参与决策和报告的专家当局提出的家庭支持是一个值得考虑的信号。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers’ Efforts and Barriers to Implementing Empirically-Based Practices in Addressing Disability Stigma 教师在解决残疾污名方面实施基于经验的做法的努力和障碍
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v6n3p1
Rachel L. Oates
Stigmatization of students with disabilities leads to adverse long-term effects and teachers experience challenges implementing empirically-based practices to address this stigma. This study explored teachers’ efforts to address stigma in the classroom and barriers to implementing such efforts. The Disability Stigma Perspectives and Practice (DSPP) survey was completed electronically by 330 teachers from a school district. Descriptive analysis revealed that 90 percent of teachers reported attempts to address stigma, with social contact based practices being most frequently endorsed. Additionally, descriptive analysis indicated that the most commonly reported barriers to implementing empirically-based practices to address stigma included constraints of time, materials, class size, and feeling overwhelmed. The implications of these findings for school psychologists, administrators, and educational institutions in providing the appropriate support for teachers to successfully implement strategies to reduce stigma are discussed.
对残疾学生的污名化会产生不利的长期影响,教师在实施基于经验的做法来解决这种污名化问题时遇到了挑战。这项研究探讨了教师为解决课堂污名化问题所做的努力以及实施这些努力的障碍。来自一个学区的330名教师以电子方式完成了残疾污名观点与实践(DSPP)调查。描述性分析显示,90%的教师报告称试图解决污名化问题,其中基于社会接触的做法最为常见。此外,描述性分析表明,在实施基于经验的做法来解决污名化问题方面,最常见的障碍包括时间、材料、班级规模和不知所措。讨论了这些发现对学校心理学家、管理人员和教育机构为教师成功实施减少污名化战略提供适当支持的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Fear and Anxiety, as Reflected in Israeli Children’s Books 以色列童书中的恐惧与焦虑
Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v6n2p15
L. Baratz
This article aims to show elements of fear and anxiety in children’s books written about children living in the Gaza Strip region of Israel. Since the 1950s, this area has been a source of active terrorism against Israel, although it should be noted that there have also been periods of relative calm alongside the waves of terrorism. The research methodology is based on a text analysis of 20 children’s books on this subject that reflect social processes during wartime and their effects on residents, who are mostly children. The vocabulary related to fear and anxiety highlights certain sociocultural contexts—in this case, a period of war—and the lexicon use expresses the unique atmosphere that was created in the Gaza Strip
本文旨在展示生活在以色列加沙地带地区的儿童书籍中的恐惧和焦虑元素。自20世纪50年代以来,这一地区一直是针对以色列的积极恐怖主义的来源,尽管应该指出,在恐怖主义浪潮的同时,也有相对平静的时期。该研究方法基于对20本关于这一主题的儿童书籍的文本分析,这些书籍反映了战时的社会进程及其对居民的影响,而居民大多是儿童。与恐惧和焦虑有关的词汇突出了某些社会文化背景——在这种情况下,是一段战争时期——词汇的使用表达了加沙地带创造的独特氛围
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引用次数: 0
Are Younger Medical Cannabis Users at Risk? Comparing Patterns of Use and Mental Health in Younger and Older Medical Cannabis Dispensary Users 年轻的医用大麻使用者有风险吗?比较年轻和老年医用大麻使用者的使用模式和心理健康
Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v6n2p1
Lindsay A. Lo, Caroline A. MacCallum, Jade C Yau, W. Panenka, A. Barr
While there has been a considerable amount of research on recreational cannabis use in youth to date, much less is known about patterns of medical cannabis use in youth. Adult medical versus recreational cannabis users may differ in how they use the product on important factors such as dose, frequency and route of ingestion, and so it is important to understand whether adolescents and young adults differ in how they use medical cannabis compared to adults, and if this increases risk of impaired mental health. In the present study, one hundred members of a community cannabis dispensary who endorsed cannabis use for medical purposes were assessed for major psychiatric disorders, and completed questionnaires related to stress, depression, sleep and somatic symptoms. Detailed information about cannabis use was collected. In the sample, 35% were aged 19-24 years old, and 24% were aged 25-30 (categorized as youth/young adults). In comparison to the older medical cannabis users, there were unexpectedly few differences, both in mental health status as well as pattern of medical cannabis use. These findings contrast with those of recreational cannabis users, and indicate that medical cannabis in youth may be as effective and well-tolerated as in older adults.
虽然迄今为止对青少年使用娱乐性大麻进行了大量研究,但对青少年使用医用大麻的模式知之甚少。成人医用大麻使用者与娱乐性大麻使用者在使用产品的方式上可能在剂量、频率和摄入途径等重要因素上有所不同,因此,重要的是要了解青少年和年轻人在使用医用大麻的方式上是否与成年人不同,以及这是否会增加精神健康受损的风险。在本研究中,对100名支持为医疗目的使用大麻的社区大麻药房成员进行了主要精神疾病评估,并完成了与压力、抑郁、睡眠和躯体症状有关的问卷调查。收集了有关大麻使用的详细信息。在样本中,35%的人年龄在19-24岁之间,24%的人年龄在25-30岁之间(被归类为青年/年轻人)。与年龄较大的医用大麻使用者相比,出人意料的是,无论是在心理健康状况还是医用大麻使用方式方面,他们的差异都很小。这些研究结果与娱乐性大麻使用者的研究结果形成对比,表明青少年使用医用大麻可能与老年人一样有效且耐受性良好。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizing Creativity for Adolescents’ Recovery in Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital (IPH) 利用创造力促进住院精神病院青少年康复
Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v6n1p24
Yuko Taniguchi, Sue Simon, Mason Schlief, R. Houston, C. Orakwue, Andrea R. Collins, Samuel F. Ekstein, Mikayla A. Schmidt, Jered Bright, Corri VanderWoude, J. Leffler
The study aims to examine the impact of creative activities on adolescents, aged 12-18, hospitalized in an acute-care Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital (IPH) setting. While research on the health impact of creative writing has been discussed with adults, research on adolescents hospitalized in acute Inpatient Psychiatric Units (IPU) is limited. This study highlights how creative activities generate self-discovery and insights that are necessary for coping among adolescents in IPH. 70 creative writing and origami sessions were embedded as a part of group education from March, 2018 until Feb. 2020. A curriculum that considered the interests of current teenagers and the short length of stay (4-5 days) at the IPH was designed and delivered by a professional writer and their team consisted of health sciences students, medical students, and IPU nursing staff. After each session, a post-session survey was administered. The findings from 568 post-surveys suggest that the adolescents at the IPH expressed interest and engagement through creative activities. In addition, the findings suggest creative activities promote mood shifts, relaxation, and self-awareness, all critical for adolescents during a mental health crisis. Further studies are needed to assess if these activities lead to long-term coping strategies for participants following their hospitalization.
本研究的目的是检查创造性活动对12-18岁的青少年的影响,他们在精神病院的急性护理住院病人(IPH)设置。虽然创造性写作对健康影响的研究已经与成年人进行了讨论,但对在急性精神科住院的青少年的研究有限。这项研究强调了创造性活动如何产生自我发现和见解,这对于IPH青少年的应对是必要的。从2018年3月到2020年2月,70个创意写作和折纸课程作为小组教育的一部分被嵌入。考虑到当前青少年的兴趣和在IPH的短期停留时间(4-5天)的课程由专业作家设计和提供,他们的团队由健康科学学生、医学学生和IPU护理人员组成。每次治疗结束后,进行一次治疗后调查。568项事后调查的结果表明,IPH的青少年通过创造性活动表达了兴趣和参与。此外,研究结果还表明,创造性活动可以促进情绪转变、放松和自我意识,这些对处于心理健康危机中的青少年都至关重要。需要进一步的研究来评估这些活动是否会导致参与者在住院后的长期应对策略。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Health Literacy, Invented Spellings, and MyPlate Representations of 2nd and 3rd Grade Children Learning about Breakfast Eating and Food Groups in Health Education 在健康教育中学习早餐和食物组的二、三年级儿童的功能性健康素养、发明拼写和MyPlate表征
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v6n1p1
V. Ubbes, Sophia Whitesel, N. Parkinson
PURPOSE: We had three purposes for this study: 1) to introduce 2nd and 3rd grade children to the concepts of breakfast and food groups in the MyPlate nutrition model while using an interactive constructivist approach; 2) to evaluate what foods children ate for breakfast over two days and to assess the visual-textual-lexical representations that they constructed to show their thinking about the MyPlate food model; and 3) to explore functional health literacy and inventive spellings from children who learned about food groups over two class sessions. METHODS: Pre to post student assessments focused on self-reported breakfast eating and ability to represent the MyPlate food model during the learning process. Student thinking about those topics were also elicited by multimodal approaches: oral language (conversations), written language (visual-textual-lexical illustrations), and body language (making nutritious snacks). For the latter, students constructed a snack to eat on both days at school and were encouraged to make the food at home to model nutritious eating behavior. RESULTS: Most children who participated in the lesson ate breakfast either at home or at school. Some students chose to communicate in words and pictures when asked to write about the foods they ate for breakfast. Many students illustrated and labeled food groups by drawing and using inventive spellings about their early understandings of the MyPlate food model. From the first to the second day of instruction, breakfasts with three food groups increased from 3% to 7% but breakfasts with two food groups declined from 55% to 41% due to more children (n = 60) eating breakfasts with only one food group on the second day. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the food items that students ate were not sufficient to produce an adequate nutritional benefit. The constructivist pedagogical approach assisted children with multimodal ways to communicate their understanding, including making two different snacks when planning a breakfast with multiple food groups. Functional health knowledge about a nutritious breakfast made with three food groups should be further aligned with functional health literacy skills of speaking and writing in multimodal ways in order to improve health behaviors. Inventive spellings demonstrated a developmental step in learning a vocabulary in a new domain. Use of written words and pictures reflected a positive way to learn health and nutrition, because children represented their understanding in more than one way. RECOMMENDATIONS: By adding fruit to the breakfasts of children who participated in the lessons, almost one-half of the children would be able to increase their consumption from two food groups to three food groups when consuming an ideal breakfast. Future work should elaborate on the role of interactive health literacy in school and home contexts when children are learning about breakfast eating and food groups. Future integration of the MyPlate food model with the Nation
目的:本研究有三个目的:1)采用互动建构主义方法,向2年级和3年级的儿童介绍MyPlate营养模型中早餐和食物组的概念;2) 评估孩子们在两天内早餐吃了什么食物,并评估他们构建的视觉文本词汇表征,以显示他们对MyPlate食物模型的思考;以及3)从在两节课上学习食物组的儿童身上探索功能性健康素养和创造性拼写。方法:学生前后评估侧重于自我报告的早餐饮食和在学习过程中代表MyPlate食物模型的能力。学生对这些主题的思考也由多模式方法引发:口语(对话)、书面语言(视觉文本词汇插图)和肢体语言(制作营养零食)。对于后者,学生们制作了一种零食,在学校的两天都吃,并被鼓励在家制作食物,以模仿营养饮食行为。结果:大多数参加课程的孩子要么在家里吃早餐,要么在学校吃早餐。当被要求写下他们早餐吃的食物时,一些学生选择用文字和图片交流。许多学生通过绘画和使用创造性的拼写来说明他们对MyPlate食物模型的早期理解,并为食物组添加标签。从教学的第一天到第二天,三种食物组的早餐从3%增加到7%,但由于更多的孩子(n=60)在第二天只吃一种食物组,两种食物组早餐从55%下降到41%。结论:学生吃的一些食物不足以产生足够的营养益处。建构主义教学方法帮助儿童以多种方式交流他们的理解,包括在计划与多个食物组一起吃早餐时制作两种不同的零食。关于用三种食物组制作的营养早餐的功能性健康知识应进一步与多模式口语和写作的功能性卫生素养相一致,以改善健康行为。创造性拼写展示了在新领域学习词汇的发展步骤。使用书面文字和图片反映了学习健康和营养的积极方式,因为儿童以多种方式表达了他们的理解。建议:通过在参加课程的儿童的早餐中添加水果,几乎一半的儿童在食用理想早餐时能够将其消费量从两组食物增加到三组食物。未来的工作应该详细说明互动健康素养在学校和家庭环境中的作用,当孩子们学习早餐和食物组时。MyPlate食品模型与国家健康教育标准的未来整合可以促进新的课堂评估,支持学生实践可观察的营养行为,从而为个人、家庭和学校健康养成一致的健康习惯。
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引用次数: 0
Eroticism in Ayu Utami’s Novels “Saman” and “Larung” and its Implications for Literature Learning in High School 阿尤·乌塔米小说《萨满》和《拉隆》中的情色主义及其对高中文学学习的启示
Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v5n2p31
Ratu Wardarita, E. O.
This study aims to describe the depiction of female eroticism, the idea of feminism in Saman and Larung novels written by AyuUtami, and its implications for learning literature in high school. The method used in this research is a descriptive method utilizing qualitative analysis. The data source in this research is Saman and Larung novels written by AyuUtami. Data analysis utilized work analysis technique. Based research result, the types of eroticism include metabolic erotica, biological erotica, metabolic/biological erotica, whereas the expression of erotism includes the mention of genitals, descriptions of sexual scenes, descriptions of sexual intercourse scenes, descriptions of sexual misconduct, descriptions of sensual body parts. The idea of feminism is rebellion against the rules, customs, and norms of society, the movement that always opposes unjust rulers, representating women aiming for freedom, against the patriarchy on women, the struggle for equality and rights between men and women, the struggle against differences the sex system, and the struggle to resist discrimination and cultural values that undermine women. Based research result and its the relevance of core competence and basic competence in the curriculum of 2013, these novels are not relevant to be used as a literary teaching material in schools, but in terms of feminism, ideas can add literature value in high school.
本研究旨在描述阿尤塔米小说中对女性情色的描写、萨曼和拉隆小说中的女权主义思想及其对高中文学学习的启示。本研究采用定性分析的描述性方法。本研究的数据来源是阿尤塔米的小说《沙门》和《拉隆》。数据分析采用工作分析技术。根据研究结果,色情的类型包括代谢性色情、生物性色情、代谢/生物性色情,而色情的表达包括提及生殖器、描述性场景、描述性交场景、描述性行为不端、描述性感身体部位。女权主义的理念是对社会规则、习俗和规范的反叛,是一场始终反对不公正统治者、代表妇女争取自由、反对对妇女的父权制、争取男女平等和权利的斗争、反对性别制度差异的斗争,以及抵制歧视和破坏妇女的文化价值观的斗争。基于研究结果及其在2013年课程中核心能力和基本能力的相关性,这些小说不适合作为学校的文学教材,但就女权主义而言,思想可以增加高中文学的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Psychosocial Implications of COVID-19 on Children in Nigeria 新冠肺炎对尼日利亚儿童的心理社会影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v5n2p22
Abiodun Adewole, Kayode Anthony Ogedengbe, O. Oyinlola, Oyebade Olanike
There has been a plethora of research since the emergence of COVID-19 around the world but several of these studies have not focused on the psychosocial implication of the novel Coronavirus on children in Nigeria. Though the psychosocial impact of the virus is huge, there is paucity of literature addressing the needs of the Nigerian children during the pandemic. The paper explored the psychosocial implications (health, poverty issues, safety needs and learning) of COVID-19 on children in Nigeria. The study recommends the expansion of social assistance for children of families in extreme poverty, and there is a need to adapt standard physical distancing protocols to reflect the characteristics of children in different settings. Also, the Government of Nigeria should prioritize child-centred services. Training parents and caregivers on how to talk to their children about the pandemic, managing their mental health and providing tools to help children’s learning will be crucial.
自新冠肺炎出现以来,世界各地进行了大量研究,但其中几项研究并未关注新型冠状病毒对尼日利亚儿童的心理社会影响。尽管该病毒的心理社会影响巨大,但在疫情期间,关于尼日利亚儿童需求的文献却很少。该论文探讨了新冠肺炎对尼日利亚儿童的心理社会影响(健康、贫困问题、安全需求和学习)。该研究建议扩大对极端贫困家庭儿童的社会援助,有必要调整标准的物理距离协议,以反映不同环境中儿童的特点。此外,尼日利亚政府应优先考虑以儿童为中心的服务。培训父母和照顾者如何与孩子谈论疫情、管理他们的心理健康以及提供帮助孩子学习的工具至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Children and teenagers
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