Children and teenagers最新文献_第2页

Analysis of the Discourse of Disrespect of Women in Politics: Hating Hillary and Getting Gillard 政治中不尊重女性的话语分析:恨希拉里和支持吉拉德

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v5n2p1

Pamela D Schulz OAM

From June 2010 until June 24th 2013, and at times into 2014 the then Prime Minister of Australia The Honourable Ms Julia Gillard was subjected to the most intense and ruthless political rhetoric ever seen in Australian media. Personal attacks and talk back callers openly admitting they “hated her” and calling into question her mental state and hormonal status was just part of a brutal media campaign aided and abetted by Opposition Leader in Tony Abbott. He linguistically derailed a reforming and intelligent woman who held together a minority parliament which delivered significant legislation. In addition, a selection of media articles and a review of media analysis of the candidacy of Hillary Clinton in preparing a run for the White House in the USA during the years 2015-2016 echoes eerie parallels to a sub textual cultural discourse of misogyny especially in politics. This discourse analysis and media study questions whether the core of the Real Matilda misogyny reported by Miriam Dixson in Australia since 1976 is alive and well and lingers on in our linguistic heritage. The polarisation of political debate and concomitant bias some media quarters is analysed and shown to have a significant pattern beginning with disapproval and ending in directional linguistic commands from media. The end result was that the Politicians listened to the unrelenting chorus of demands to “end leadership speculation “and complete chaos and to go to an election.

从2010年6月到2013年6月24日，有时甚至到2014年，时任澳大利亚总理的朱莉娅·吉拉德(Julia Gillard)受到澳大利亚媒体有史以来最激烈、最无情的政治言论的抨击。人身攻击和回话者公开承认他们“讨厌她”，并质疑她的精神状态和荷尔蒙状况，这只是反对派领袖托尼·阿博特帮助和教唆的残酷媒体运动的一部分。他在语言上诋毁了一个改革和聪明的女人，她组织了一个少数民族议会，并通过了重要的立法。此外，对希拉里·克林顿2015-2016年准备竞选美国总统期间的候选资格的媒体文章和媒体分析的回顾，呼应了与厌女症的亚文本文化话语的怪异相似之处，尤其是在政治领域。这篇话语分析和媒体研究质疑了米里亚姆·迪克森自1976年以来在澳大利亚报道的真实玛蒂尔达厌恶女性的核心是否仍然存在，并在我们的语言遗产中徘徊。对政治辩论的两极分化和媒体的偏见进行了分析，并显示出一种显著的模式，以不赞成开始，以媒体的定向语言命令结束。最终的结果是，政客们听从了“结束领导投机”、彻底混乱、进行选举的无情要求。

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引用次数: 0

Using Errorless Learning and Discrimination Training to Teach Early Literacy Skills in a Pre-School Setting 利用无错误学习和歧视训练在学前教育中教授早期识字技能

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v4n4p1

Elisa P. Belfiore, P. Belfiore

This case study investigates the effects of using an intervention package of errorless learning and discrimination trial training to teach a 4-year old preschool student to read Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) words. A single case multiple baseline design across three equal instructional sets was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention package. Each set contained six CVC words incorporating words with each of the five vowels. The results of this study indicate that utilizing both errorless learning and discrimination training to teach a preschool student how to read CVC words was effective. In addition, generalization assessments post-intervention showed an increase in (a) mastering new unknown CVC words, as well as (b) book text reading.

本案例研究调查了使用无错误学习和歧视试验训练的干预包来教一名4岁学龄前学生阅读辅音元音辅音（CVC）单词的效果。采用三个同等教学组的单一病例多基线设计来评估干预包的效果。每组包含六个CVC单词，每个单词包含五个元音中的每一个。本研究的结果表明，利用无误学习和辨别训练来教学龄前学生如何阅读CVC单词是有效的。此外，干预后的泛化评估显示，（a）掌握新的未知CVC单词以及（b）书籍文本阅读量有所增加。

引用次数: 1

Parental Influences on Children’s Oral Health Behaviors, Reading Behaviors, and Reading Attitudes Associated with the Sharing of a Digital Story from the eBook for Oral Health Literacy© Curriculum 父母对儿童口腔健康行为、阅读行为和阅读态度的影响与分享《口腔健康素养电子书》©课程中的数字故事有关

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2021-08-22 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v4n3p26

V. Ubbes, Abby M. Witter

This study investigated the relationships between parents and their children on oral health behaviors, reading behaviors, reading attitudes, and liking perceptions of one chapter from an eBook curriculum intervention. A Qualtrics platform was used to survey 316 parent-child dyads across the United States before and after the shared reading of one chapter from the eBook for Oral Health Literacy© entitled “Setting Goals for Going to the Dentist”. Participants answered 75 questions about their teeth brushing and flossing behaviors, number of cavities, how often they visited libraries and bookstores, enjoyment of reading, and perceptions (liking) of the words and pictures of the chapter that they read and heard. Statistically significant relationships were found between parents and their children on oral health behaviors (?2 = 49.12, p < 0.001); reading behaviors (?2 = 10.4, p < 0.01), reading attitudes (?2 = 8.773, p < 0.01), and perception (liking) of the eBook chapter that they read and heard (?2 = 113.813, p < 0.01). Results from 301 parent-child dyads point to the importance of social modeling that parents play in the development of their children’s oral health behaviors, reading behaviors, and reading attitudes. Testing of additional chapters from the eBook intervention is warranted.

本研究调查了父母和孩子在电子书课程干预中某一章节的口腔健康行为、阅读行为、阅读态度和喜好感知方面的关系。Qualtrics平台用于调查美国316对亲子二人组，他们在共同阅读《口腔健康素养电子书》中题为“为去牙医那里设定目标”的一章之前和之后。参与者回答了75个问题，涉及他们的刷牙和使用牙线的行为、蛀牙的数量、他们去图书馆和书店的频率、阅读的乐趣以及对他们阅读和听到的章节的单词和图片的看法（喜欢）。父母和子女在口腔健康行为方面存在显著的统计学关系（？2=49.12，p<0.001）；阅读行为（？2=10.4，p<0.01）、阅读态度（？2=8.773，p<0.01）和对他们阅读和听到的电子书章节的感知（喜欢）（？2=113.813，p<0.01）。来自301个亲子二人组的结果表明，父母玩的社会模型在孩子口腔健康行为、阅读行为和阅读态度发展中的重要性。有必要对电子书干预中的其他章节进行测试。

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引用次数: 1

The Effectiveness of Online Learning in the Conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Senior High School 新冠肺炎疫情下高中在线学习的有效性研究

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v4n3p18

Ratu Wardarita, Hairun Nisak

Pandemic covid-19 has disrupted the conventional learning process. So a solution is needed to answer these problems. Online learning is an alternative that can solve this problem. The research objective was to obtain an overview of the implementation of online learning at State Senior High School 1 Palembang, as an effort to reduce the spread of covid-19 in schools. The research subjects were students of class X IPA1 until X IPA6(100 students). Data were collected by an interview via zoom cloud meeting. Data analysis was performed using interactive analysis techniques by Miles & Huberman. The results showed that: (1) students already have the basic facilities needed to take part in online learning, (2) online learning has flexibility in its implementation and can encourage independent learning and motivation to be more active in learning, and (3) distance learning encourages the emergence of social distancing behavior and minimizes the appearance of student crowds so that it is considered to reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19 in the school environment. Weak supervision of students, unstable mobile device signal, and high quota fees are challenges in online learning. Increasing independent learning, interest and motivation, courage to present ideas and questions are other advantages of online learning.

新冠肺炎大流行扰乱了传统的学习过程。因此，需要一个解决方案来解决这些问题。在线学习是一种可以解决这个问题的替代方案。研究目的是了解巴邻邦第一州立高中在线学习的实施情况，以减少新冠肺炎在学校的传播。研究对象为X IPA1至X IPA6班的学生（100名学生）。数据是通过zoom云会议进行采访收集的。数据分析采用Miles&Huberman的交互式分析技术进行。研究结果表明：（1）学生已经具备了参与在线学习所需的基本设施，以及（3）远程学习鼓励社交距离行为的出现，并最大限度地减少学生群体的出现，从而被认为可以降低新冠肺炎在学校环境中传播的可能性。对学生的监管不力、移动设备信号不稳定以及高额的配额费是在线学习的挑战。增加独立学习、兴趣和动力、提出想法和问题的勇气是在线学习的其他优势。

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引用次数: 0

Digital Storytelling or Traditional Storytelling to develop EFL Students’ Oral Communication? 数字讲故事还是传统讲故事培养英语学生的口语交际能力?

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2020-02-18 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v3n1p33

Mahmoud Mostafa

The present study investigated the effect of storytelling versus digital storytelling on developing fifth year EFL primary school pupils’ oral communication performance. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design. Sixty pupils of Dr. Ahmed Zewail primary School were distributed into two experimental groups. One group served as the first experimental group (n=30) who was taught in digital storytelling, whereas the second experimental group (n=30) was taught in traditional storytelling. The experiment lasted for six weeks. The instruments of the study included an oral communication skills test, an oral communication checklist, a semi-structured interview and a reflective log. They were approved by a panel of jury. Results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the first experimental group and that of the second one on the post-administration of the oral communication test for the first experimental group. Moreover, results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the responses of the first experimental group and that of the second one on the post-administration of the semi-structured interview favoring the first experimental group. As such, it was concluded that storytelling versus digital storytelling had a positive effect on developing fifth year EFL primary pupils’ oral communication performance.

本研究探讨了讲故事与数字讲故事对英语小学五年级学生口语交际表现的影响。本研究采用准实验设计。Ahmed Zewail博士小学的60名学生被分为两个实验组。其中一组作为第一实验组(n=30)，接受数字化叙事教学，第二组(n=30)接受传统叙事教学。实验持续了六个星期。研究工具包括口头沟通技巧测试、口头沟通清单、半结构化面试和反思日志。他们得到了陪审团的认可。结果显示，第一实验组与第二实验组在给药后口语交际测试的平均得分有统计学差异。此外，结果显示，在半结构化面试后，第一实验组和第二实验组的反应有统计学意义上的差异。因此，我们得出结论，讲故事与数字讲故事对发展五年级英语小学生的口语交际表现有积极的影响。

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引用次数: 1

Not Race or Age but Their Interaction Predicts Pre-Adolescents' Inhibitory Control. 不是种族或年龄，而是他们的相互作用预测青春期前的抑制控制。

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v3n2p50

Shervin Assari, Golnoush Akhlaghipour

Background: African American pre-adolescents are at a higher risk of risky behaviors such as aggression, drug use, alcohol use, and subsequent poor outcomes compared to Caucasian pre-adolescents. All these high-risk behaviors are connected to low levels of inhibitory control (IC).

Aim: We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data to compare Caucasian and African American pre-adolescents for the effect of age on pre-adolescents IC, a driver of high-risk behaviors.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 4,626 pre-adolescents between ages 9 and 10 from the ABCD study. Regression was used to analyze the data. The predictor variable was age measured in months. The main outcome was IC measured by a stop-signal task (SST). Race was the effect modifier.

Results: Overall, age was associated with IC. Race also showed a statistically significant interaction with age on pre-adolescents' IC, indicating weaker effects of age on IC for African American than Caucasian pre-adolescents.

Conclusion: Age-related changes in IC are more pronounced for Caucasian than African American pre-adolescents. To eliminate the racial gap in brain development between African American and Caucasian pre-adolescents, we should address structural and societal barriers that alter age-related development for racial minority pre-adolescents. Social and public policies, rather than health policies, are needed to address structural and societal barriers that hinder African American adolescents' brain development. Interventions should add resources to the urban areas that many African American families live in so their children can have better age-related brain development. Such changes would be essential given IC in pre-adolescents is a predictor of a wide range of behaviors.

背景:与白种人相比，非裔美国人在青春期前有更高的危险行为风险，如攻击性、吸毒、酗酒和随后的不良后果。所有这些高风险行为都与低水平的抑制性控制(IC)有关。目的:我们使用青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)数据来比较白种人和非裔美国人的前青少年年龄对前青少年IC的影响，IC是高风险行为的驱动因素。方法:本横断面分析包括来自ABCD研究的4,626名年龄在9至10岁之间的学龄前青少年。采用回归分析方法对数据进行分析。预测变量是以月为单位的年龄。主要结果是通过停止信号任务(SST)测量IC。种族是影响因素。结果:总体而言，年龄与IC相关。种族也显示出统计学上显著的年龄与青少年前IC的相互作用，表明年龄对非裔美国人IC的影响弱于白人青少年前IC。结论:年龄相关的IC变化在白种人中比非裔美国人更明显。为了消除非裔美国人和白种人在大脑发育方面的种族差异，我们应该解决改变少数种族前青少年年龄相关发展的结构性和社会障碍。需要社会和公共政策，而不是卫生政策，来解决阻碍非裔美国青少年大脑发育的结构性和社会障碍。干预措施应该向许多非裔美国家庭居住的城市地区增加资源，以便他们的孩子能够更好地与年龄相关的大脑发育。这种改变是必要的，因为学龄前儿童的智力障碍是一系列行为的预测指标。

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引用次数: 7

Dimensional Change Card Sorting of American Children: Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns of Age. 美国儿童的维度变化卡分类：与边缘化有关的年龄收益递减。

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v3n2p72

Shervin Assari

Background: While age is associated with an increase in cognitive flexibility and executive functioning as a result of normal development during childhood, less is known about the effect of racial variation in children's age-related cognitive development. The Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) phenomenon suggests that, under racism, social stratification, segregation, and discrimination, individual-level economic and non-economic resources and assets show weaker effects on children's development for marginalized, racialized, and minoritized families.

Aim: We conducted this study to compare racial groups of children for age-related changes in their card sorting abilities.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10,414 9-10-year-old American children. Data came from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was age, a continuous variable measured in months. The dependent variable was dimensional change card sort (DCCS) score, which reflected cognitive flexibility, and was measured by the NIH Dimensional Change Card Sort. Ethnicity, sex, parental education, and marital status were the covariates.

Results: Older age was associated with higher DCCS score, reflecting a higher card-sorting ability and cognitive flexibility. However, age showed a weaker association with DCCS for Black than for White children. This was documented by a significantly negative interaction between race and age on children's DCCS scores.

Conclusion: Age shows a weaker correlation with the cognitive flexibility of Black than of White children. A similar pattern can be seen when comparing low-income with high-income children. Conceptualizing race as a social factor that alters normal childhood development is a finding that is in line with MDRs. Marginalization due to social stratification and racism interfere with the normal age-related cognitive development of American children.

背景：虽然年龄与认知灵活性和执行功能的提高有关，这是儿童期正常发展的结果，但人们对种族差异对儿童年龄相关认知发展的影响却知之甚少。边缘化相关收益递减（MDRs）现象表明，在种族主义、社会分层、种族隔离和歧视的情况下，个人层面的经济和非经济资源及资产对边缘化、种族化和少数民族家庭儿童的发展影响较弱：这项横断面研究包括 10,414 名 9-10 岁的美国儿童。数据来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究。自变量是年龄，这是一个以月为单位的连续变量。因变量是维度变化卡片排序（DCCS）得分，它反映了认知灵活性，由美国国立卫生研究院维度变化卡片排序测量。种族、性别、父母教育程度和婚姻状况是协变量：结果：年龄越大，DCCS 得分越高，这反映了较高的卡片分类能力和认知灵活性。然而，黑人儿童的年龄与 DCCS 的相关性要弱于白人儿童。种族和年龄对儿童 DCCS 分数的影响呈明显的负相关：结论：与白人儿童相比，黑人儿童的年龄与认知灵活性的相关性较弱。结论：黑人儿童的年龄与认知灵活性的相关性比白人儿童弱，在比较低收入儿童和高收入儿童时也可以看到类似的模式。将种族视为改变儿童正常发展的社会因素，这一结论与 MDRs 是一致的。社会分层和种族主义导致的边缘化影响了美国儿童与年龄相关的正常认知发展。

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引用次数: 0

Is Reflexive Modernization also an Important Topic among Adolescents within Risk Zones. And Does it also Have Influence on the Further Biographical Unfolding? 反思性现代化在处于危险区的青少年中也是一个重要话题吗。它对传记的进一步展开是否也有影响？

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.22158/ct.v2n2p92

L. Lundstrøm, Lisbet Oeygard

The Alternative School Day (ASD) is a project for adolescents who have difficulties in several arenas. The pupils attended ASD one day per week, and the content in the program is more practical adjusted. Inclusion as a principle are formulated in the educational legislation in many countries throughout the world; however, different special initiatives may have shown positive effects on adolescence in risk zones. Some theorists have emphasized that the normal school is based on middle class values, and for pupils with other class backgrounds, the school, represent “represent an away ground”. Further, we have debated whether reflexive modernization is an important topic also in the general knowledge within the society nowadays, with globalization, extended consumption and several risks associated with the modern society. And we are questioning whether the students could experience the immersive turning points and fateful moment in the biography, where they actually started to look upon themselves as clever and competences pupils, while attending in the ASD.The positive attention and expectation from the teachers, as well as the tasks were more practical oriented, represented the core factors in the positive outcome measures found through this study.

另类学校日(ASD)是一个针对在几个领域有困难的青少年的项目。学生每周参加一天的ASD课程，课程内容更切合实际。包容作为一项原则在世界各国的教育立法中得到确立;然而，不同的特别举措可能对危险地区的青少年产生了积极影响。一些理论家强调，普通学校是建立在中产阶级价值观的基础上的，对于其他阶级背景的学生来说，学校代表着“代表着一个客场”。此外，我们还讨论了反身性现代化是否在当今社会的普遍知识中也是一个重要的话题，因为全球化、消费扩大和与现代社会相关的一些风险。我们质疑学生们是否能体验到传记中身临其境的转折点和决定命运的时刻，在那里他们开始认为自己是聪明而有能力的学生，而在自闭症谱系障碍中心就读。教师的积极关注和期望，以及任务更注重实践，是本研究发现的积极结果测量的核心因素。

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引用次数: 0

An Analysis on Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young Children: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown 幼儿对移动和互动媒体的使用分析:好的、坏的和未知的

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.22158/CT.V2N2P89

C. O. Fider, Shey Quinton Olaoshebikan

The introduction of mobile media to children of very young ages continues to be a topic of discussion in many academic and professional circles. Over time, the suggested guidelines specific to children and interaction with mobile and interactive technology have changed, yet there are still some unknowns regarding the impact of replacing actual human interaction with interactive devices. While there are certainly benefits to having children exposed to these forms of technology, there are potential drawbacks. This current opinion article seeks provide a narrative regarding current work that is related to children and their engagement with interactive technology.

向年龄很小的儿童介绍移动媒体仍然是许多学术界和专业界讨论的话题。随着时间的推移，针对儿童以及与移动和互动技术的互动的建议指南已经发生了变化，但用互动设备取代实际的人类互动的影响仍然存在一些未知因素。虽然让孩子接触这些形式的技术肯定有好处，但也有潜在的缺点。这篇当前的观点文章试图提供一个关于当前与儿童及其参与互动技术有关的工作的叙述。

引用次数: 1

The House of the Little Tooth Diniz: An Oral Health Educational Project 小牙齿迪尼兹之家:口腔健康教育计划

Children and teenagers

Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.22158/CT.V2N1P60

M. Dias

Dental caries is currently one of the major public health problems, given its high incidence among 6-12-year-old children. This age group of children is considered a priority group, due to the transitional period of the replacement of deciduous teeth. This article intends to present a ludic-pedagogical instrument for oral health education, targeted at these children, based on the learning of problems related to oral health through a story narrative and associated pictograms. By means of a health education manual with several pictorial representations of dentistry clinical acts, we intended to imagetically reinforce the therapeutic adherence of children to Paediatric Dentistry as well as oral health prevention care, which are considered determinant factors for oral health success amongst children. The choice of a handbook format for this purpose was considered a health education pedagogical strategy with added value to the Paediatric Dentistry appointment setting, granting patients an active and leading role in their therapeutic path. The handbook can also be of use to younger children, through parental storytelling, establishing a dyadic communication between parents, educators and professionals.

由于6-12岁儿童的发病率很高，龋齿目前是一个主要的公共卫生问题。这个年龄段的儿童被认为是优先群体，因为他们处于乳牙替换的过渡期。本文拟提出一种针对这些儿童的口腔健康教育的滑稽教学工具，通过故事叙述和相关象形图来学习与口腔健康有关的问题。通过健康教育手册和一些牙科临床行为的图像表示，我们打算从图像上加强儿童对儿科牙科的治疗依从性以及口腔健康预防护理，这些被认为是儿童口腔健康成功的决定因素。为此目的选择手册格式被认为是一种健康教育教学策略，对儿科牙科预约设置具有附加价值，使患者在其治疗路径中发挥积极和主导作用。通过父母讲故事，在父母、教育工作者和专业人士之间建立双向沟通，手册也可以对年幼的孩子有用。

引用次数: 1