Jesuit’s China Missions and Scientific Exchanges in the 16th–18th Century The late Ming and early Qing periods (16th–18th century) were marked by rapid colonial expansion into the New World by major European countries, thereby giving rise to cultural contact on a massive scale and ensuing Christian infiltration into the Asian countries. The period from the late Ming to early Qing dynasties, particularly from 1582 to 1793, was also a new era featuring the first close scientific exchanges between Europe and China. Spearheaded by the arrival of Italian Jesuit missionaries Michele Ruggieri (罗明坚1543–1607) in 1579 and Matteo Ricci (利玛窦1552–1610) in Macao in 1582 and with the death of Jean Joseph Marie Amiot (钱德明1718–1793) in Beijing in 1793, hundreds of European Jesuit missionaries came to China to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ and spread Catholicism to the Chinese soil. In 1685, the French King Louis XIV sent a mission team of five Jesuit mathematicians to China in an attempt to undermine the influence of the Portuguese patronage in the Far East. The first contingent of French Jesuits headed by Jean de Fontaney (洪若翰1643–1710) arrived in Ningbo, China, in July 1687, marking a watershed in the Jesuit missions in China that saw the beginning of cultural and scientific exchanges between China and Europe in the ensuing two-century period. The Jesuits translated the Western texts and disseminated Western science and technology knowledge in China, thus enabling China’s educated elites and well-known intellectuals to access the early discoveries of modern science. At the same time, the Jesuits in China were among the first Europeans in the modern era to study the Chinese language and to tell Europe things about China. As their goal was to disseminate a complex religious message into a sophisticated culture, the Jesuits subjected themselves to years of study the Chinese language and culture before attempting to evangelize the Chinese people. Both Ricci and Ruggieri were determined to adapt to the religious traditions of the Chinese. In particular, Ruggieri learned about the common people whose minds were dominated by Buddhist and Taoist thoughts while Ricci contacted the educated classes among whom Confucianism prevailed. Through their efforts of translation, publication, and correspondence with their targets of preaching, the Jesuits transmitted Chinese culture and science to Europe, thereby giving rise to the emergence of Chinoiserie and deepening the Europeans’ knowledge and understanding of China.
{"title":"Conveying Traditional Chinese Medicine to Europe in the 17th–18th Centuries from the Tradition of Natural History","authors":"Yin-quan Wang","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_30_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_30_21","url":null,"abstract":"Jesuit’s China Missions and Scientific Exchanges in the 16th–18th Century The late Ming and early Qing periods (16th–18th century) were marked by rapid colonial expansion into the New World by major European countries, thereby giving rise to cultural contact on a massive scale and ensuing Christian infiltration into the Asian countries. The period from the late Ming to early Qing dynasties, particularly from 1582 to 1793, was also a new era featuring the first close scientific exchanges between Europe and China. Spearheaded by the arrival of Italian Jesuit missionaries Michele Ruggieri (罗明坚1543–1607) in 1579 and Matteo Ricci (利玛窦1552–1610) in Macao in 1582 and with the death of Jean Joseph Marie Amiot (钱德明1718–1793) in Beijing in 1793, hundreds of European Jesuit missionaries came to China to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ and spread Catholicism to the Chinese soil. In 1685, the French King Louis XIV sent a mission team of five Jesuit mathematicians to China in an attempt to undermine the influence of the Portuguese patronage in the Far East. The first contingent of French Jesuits headed by Jean de Fontaney (洪若翰1643–1710) arrived in Ningbo, China, in July 1687, marking a watershed in the Jesuit missions in China that saw the beginning of cultural and scientific exchanges between China and Europe in the ensuing two-century period. The Jesuits translated the Western texts and disseminated Western science and technology knowledge in China, thus enabling China’s educated elites and well-known intellectuals to access the early discoveries of modern science. At the same time, the Jesuits in China were among the first Europeans in the modern era to study the Chinese language and to tell Europe things about China. As their goal was to disseminate a complex religious message into a sophisticated culture, the Jesuits subjected themselves to years of study the Chinese language and culture before attempting to evangelize the Chinese people. Both Ricci and Ruggieri were determined to adapt to the religious traditions of the Chinese. In particular, Ruggieri learned about the common people whose minds were dominated by Buddhist and Taoist thoughts while Ricci contacted the educated classes among whom Confucianism prevailed. Through their efforts of translation, publication, and correspondence with their targets of preaching, the Jesuits transmitted Chinese culture and science to Europe, thereby giving rise to the emergence of Chinoiserie and deepening the Europeans’ knowledge and understanding of China.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"170 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46341858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the historical exchanges, communications, and circumstances that initially enabled the opening of trade routes between China and the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman world. In addition, it explains how ancient Greeks first became aware of China, and the original premise of trading silk for horses. Historical Chinese texts are analyzed to identify references to the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman world in an attempt to elucidate the extent of official interactions between the two cultures. Historical and archaeological sources confirm that trade existed for millennia before Western Europeans traveled to China during the Age of Exploration. The thesis describes how silk and disease traveled from east to west and explains the historical conditions that allowed the exchange of ideas, practices, beliefs, and culture.
{"title":"Early Interactions between the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman World and the Chinese: The Ancient Afro-Eurasian Routes in Medicine and the Transmission of Disease","authors":"Ioannis P. Solos","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_32_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_32_21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the historical exchanges, communications, and circumstances that initially enabled the opening of trade routes between China and the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman world. In addition, it explains how ancient Greeks first became aware of China, and the original premise of trading silk for horses. Historical Chinese texts are analyzed to identify references to the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman world in an attempt to elucidate the extent of official interactions between the two cultures. Historical and archaeological sources confirm that trade existed for millennia before Western Europeans traveled to China during the Age of Exploration. The thesis describes how silk and disease traveled from east to west and explains the historical conditions that allowed the exchange of ideas, practices, beliefs, and culture.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"148 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46577173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Description Générale de la Chine is an important sinology masterpiece published in France in the late 18th century. Its author Jean-Baptiste Grosier summarized and rearranged a large number of first-hand materials to systematically introduce China's national traditions and culture. A great part of this book introduced ancient Chinese medicine, which facilitated the unbiased understanding of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Europe and fostered a knowledge dialogue between the Chinese and Western medicine systems. Such content also provided a historical reference for how to promote the further going out of TCM to the world.
{"title":"Description Générale de la Chine and the Spread of Traditional Chinese Medicine to the West in the 18th Century","authors":"Zhen Li","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_35_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_35_21","url":null,"abstract":"Description Générale de la Chine is an important sinology masterpiece published in France in the late 18th century. Its author Jean-Baptiste Grosier summarized and rearranged a large number of first-hand materials to systematically introduce China's national traditions and culture. A great part of this book introduced ancient Chinese medicine, which facilitated the unbiased understanding of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Europe and fostered a knowledge dialogue between the Chinese and Western medicine systems. Such content also provided a historical reference for how to promote the further going out of TCM to the world.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"181 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48502951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the cultural heritage of all humankind. TCM not only embodies the cultural crystallization of the region and the nation, but also performs the important mission of curing the lives, saving the sick and maintaining the health of the people. In the history of the spread of Chinese medicine to the West, foreign missionaries have played an important role, and researches about this role have continued in China. In the history of Chinese medicine in Germany, there is a pivotal figure named Franz Hübotter (1881–1967), who broke through the deadlock in the academic research of Chinese medicine in the 19th century in Germany, but the discussion on his contribution has been comparatively rare in China. His works and translations are not only of medical value, but are also valuable historically, culturally, and socially. The historical development of TCM has the authenticity of history, the integrity of the environment, and the richness of the times. Medical experts have explored and verified the value of medicine. Translators and scholars are mainly concerned with the dissemination of knowledge from an intercultural perspective. This paper provides a primitive and objective introduction to Franz Hübotter, hoping to trigger off the secondary research among scholars of different professional backgrounds and to expand professional thinking, and then get over the barriers of disciplines.
{"title":"Dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Germany from an Intercultural Perspective: A Brief Introduction of Franz Hübotter","authors":"Fang Liu","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_33_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_33_21","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the cultural heritage of all humankind. TCM not only embodies the cultural crystallization of the region and the nation, but also performs the important mission of curing the lives, saving the sick and maintaining the health of the people. In the history of the spread of Chinese medicine to the West, foreign missionaries have played an important role, and researches about this role have continued in China. In the history of Chinese medicine in Germany, there is a pivotal figure named Franz Hübotter (1881–1967), who broke through the deadlock in the academic research of Chinese medicine in the 19th century in Germany, but the discussion on his contribution has been comparatively rare in China. His works and translations are not only of medical value, but are also valuable historically, culturally, and socially. The historical development of TCM has the authenticity of history, the integrity of the environment, and the richness of the times. Medical experts have explored and verified the value of medicine. Translators and scholars are mainly concerned with the dissemination of knowledge from an intercultural perspective. This paper provides a primitive and objective introduction to Franz Hübotter, hoping to trigger off the secondary research among scholars of different professional backgrounds and to expand professional thinking, and then get over the barriers of disciplines.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"188 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The University of Washington has played a pivotal role in the field of sinology with faculty and alumni producing major publications in Chinese history, literature, phonetics, and linguistics. These contributions have been instrumental in the development of sinology as a field and have both directly and indirectly influenced the study of Chinese Medicine. By tracing the history of the Department of Asian Languages and Literature and examining several major figures, we can better understand how these individuals shaped the development of Chinese Medicine and contributed to its spread worldwide.
{"title":"Sinology in Seattle: The University of Washington and its Influence on the Study of Chinese Medicine","authors":"S. Bradley","doi":"10.4103/cmac.cmac_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cmac.cmac_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Washington has played a pivotal role in the field of sinology with faculty and alumni producing major publications in Chinese history, literature, phonetics, and linguistics. These contributions have been instrumental in the development of sinology as a field and have both directly and indirectly influenced the study of Chinese Medicine. By tracing the history of the Department of Asian Languages and Literature and examining several major figures, we can better understand how these individuals shaped the development of Chinese Medicine and contributed to its spread worldwide.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"176 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42340924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores American patients' understanding of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the late 19th century by referring to letters from American patients recorded in The Science of Oriental Medicine, written by Tan Fuyuan (谭富园), a Chinese medicine doctor working in the United States in the late Qing dynasty. Identifying a focus on significant effects, pulse diagnosis, herbal teas, dietary control, and long-term treatment, the results also discussed the differences between TCM and Western medicine in simple terms to show that the “ideological” spread of TCM was based on its curative effect. However, the “theoretical” spread of TCM requires more of intercultural exchanges.
{"title":"American patients' understanding of traditional Chinese medicine in the late 19th century: An interpretation of letters from The Science of Oriental Medicine","authors":"Y. Qi, Hong Zheng, Shan Liu","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_28_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_28_21","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores American patients' understanding of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the late 19th century by referring to letters from American patients recorded in The Science of Oriental Medicine, written by Tan Fuyuan (谭富园), a Chinese medicine doctor working in the United States in the late Qing dynasty. Identifying a focus on significant effects, pulse diagnosis, herbal teas, dietary control, and long-term treatment, the results also discussed the differences between TCM and Western medicine in simple terms to show that the “ideological” spread of TCM was based on its curative effect. However, the “theoretical” spread of TCM requires more of intercultural exchanges.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"158 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44090092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some Western scholars have re-examined the concept of “Chinese medicine” and its knowledge system under the influence of global history research methods in recent years, in an attempt to understand the factors that led to the spread of Chinese medicine around the world, and what kind of Chinese medicine is constituted outside of China. Thus, researchers have studied the initial stage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)'s entry into the western world, tracing its roots and observing new knowledge systems formed in the process of cross-cultural communication. Responding to the research of Western scholars, this paper studies the Radicis Chynae (《中国根书简》 Letters on Chinese Root), a monograph written by Andreas Vesalius, a famous European anatomist who lived in the 16th century. The author of this article examined the understanding and interpretation of Chinese medicine by the European intelligentsia from 16th to 19th century, investigated the influence of the westward spread of TCM on the scientific revolution and medical progress in Europe, and analyzed its relationship with the rise of Sinology in Europe. This article discusses the knowledge interaction between Chinese medicine and the formation of modern European medicine from the perspective of global history and cross-culture.
{"title":"Approaches and perspectives of the westward spread of traditional Chinese medicine: A case study of the Radicis Chynae","authors":"Xi Gao","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_36_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_36_21","url":null,"abstract":"Some Western scholars have re-examined the concept of “Chinese medicine” and its knowledge system under the influence of global history research methods in recent years, in an attempt to understand the factors that led to the spread of Chinese medicine around the world, and what kind of Chinese medicine is constituted outside of China. Thus, researchers have studied the initial stage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)'s entry into the western world, tracing its roots and observing new knowledge systems formed in the process of cross-cultural communication. Responding to the research of Western scholars, this paper studies the Radicis Chynae (《中国根书简》 Letters on Chinese Root), a monograph written by Andreas Vesalius, a famous European anatomist who lived in the 16th century. The author of this article examined the understanding and interpretation of Chinese medicine by the European intelligentsia from 16th to 19th century, investigated the influence of the westward spread of TCM on the scientific revolution and medical progress in Europe, and analyzed its relationship with the rise of Sinology in Europe. This article discusses the knowledge interaction between Chinese medicine and the formation of modern European medicine from the perspective of global history and cross-culture.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"141 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48438980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pradhan, A. Gantenbein, Yi Li, Sebastian Frese, S. Lehmann, F. Angst
Objective: This observational cohort pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of the acupuncture methods, Jiu Cang Zhen (JCZ) and Huang Guan (HG), on changes in headache intensity in an inpatient, multimodal Zurzach Headache Programme (ZHP). Methods: Study participants consisted of patients diagnosed with chronic headache disorder (headache ds, 30 days per month) or daily persistent headache. All patients received conventional therapies with active and passive approaches. The patient group was treated with JCZ and HG acupuncture methods, receiving a total of six to eight acupuncture sessions of 50 to 60 minutes each, during a 3–4-week multimodal ZHP at the RehaClinic Bad Zurzach. Pain intensity was quantified using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) before and after each acupuncture therapy session. Results: Ten patients were recruited, six women and four men, with a mean age of 41.7 (standard deviation, [SD] =13.9). A reduction in headache intensity was reported by all patients in each of the sessions. The average NRS for pain was 4.21 (SD = 1.44) before acupuncture and 1.24 (SD = 0.93) after acupuncture (means first by number of sessions, then per n = 10 patients). This resulted in a mean difference of 2.97 (SD = 1.04), corresponding to a standardized response mean of 2.85 (95% confidence interval: 2.11–3.60, one-tailed P < 0.001), meaning there was a large effect. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that JCZ and HG are suitable acupuncture methods for reducing headache intensity in the treatment of headaches. A comparison with the conventional classical acupuncture methods from the acupuncture textbook for traditional Chinese medicine students in China, exploration with a larger patient group, and prolonged monitoring of pain behavior could be foci of follow-up investigations.
{"title":"Case Studies on Acupuncture Principles in Headaches","authors":"S. Pradhan, A. Gantenbein, Yi Li, Sebastian Frese, S. Lehmann, F. Angst","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This observational cohort pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of the acupuncture methods, Jiu Cang Zhen (JCZ) and Huang Guan (HG), on changes in headache intensity in an inpatient, multimodal Zurzach Headache Programme (ZHP). Methods: Study participants consisted of patients diagnosed with chronic headache disorder (headache ds, 30 days per month) or daily persistent headache. All patients received conventional therapies with active and passive approaches. The patient group was treated with JCZ and HG acupuncture methods, receiving a total of six to eight acupuncture sessions of 50 to 60 minutes each, during a 3–4-week multimodal ZHP at the RehaClinic Bad Zurzach. Pain intensity was quantified using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) before and after each acupuncture therapy session. Results: Ten patients were recruited, six women and four men, with a mean age of 41.7 (standard deviation, [SD] =13.9). A reduction in headache intensity was reported by all patients in each of the sessions. The average NRS for pain was 4.21 (SD = 1.44) before acupuncture and 1.24 (SD = 0.93) after acupuncture (means first by number of sessions, then per n = 10 patients). This resulted in a mean difference of 2.97 (SD = 1.04), corresponding to a standardized response mean of 2.85 (95% confidence interval: 2.11–3.60, one-tailed P < 0.001), meaning there was a large effect. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that JCZ and HG are suitable acupuncture methods for reducing headache intensity in the treatment of headaches. A comparison with the conventional classical acupuncture methods from the acupuncture textbook for traditional Chinese medicine students in China, exploration with a larger patient group, and prolonged monitoring of pain behavior could be foci of follow-up investigations.","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46829090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview with Dr. Liu Qingquan: Traditional Chinese Medicine for COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Xin Chang, Hai- Li, Er- Wang, Yu Liu","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_19_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_19_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"124 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42690390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Unearthed Traditional Chinese Medicine Documents","authors":"B. Zhang, Y. Yu, Ru- Zhang, Yuan Ding","doi":"10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_15_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_15_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72584,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medicine and culture : official publication of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"114 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47273250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：