The treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) based on syndrome differentiation has won the international acceptance, but the molecular mechanism of excess-heat syndrome and yin-deficiency syndrome of RAS remains unclear.
To clarify specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and their functions in RAS patients with excess-heat or yin-deficiency.
Serum samples were collected from patients meeting the RAS diagnostic criteria of excess-heat or yin-deficiency syndrome and healthy individuals. Core miRNAs were then identified under miRNA microarray analyses. Target prediction and bioinformatic analyses were carried out and gene-pathway-networks were visualized to better understand the relationship between different genes and pathways.
(1) 90 individuals meeting the inclusion criteria were collected in this study. Among them, 9 miRNAs were screened out in excess-heat syndrome group (EH group), with 1 upregulated and 8 downregulated. And four miRNAs (hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-122–5p, hsa-miR-483–5p and hsa-miR-3197) were validated by real-time PCR method. 14 miRNAs were screened out in yin-deficiency syndrome group (YD group) (7 upregulated and 7 downregulated). And hsa-miR-17–5p, hsa-miR-106–5p and hsa-miR-20b-5p were validated. (2) A total of 4,776 target genes were identified in EH group which enriched in GO categories including nervous system development and calcium ion binding and pathway such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Calcium signaling pathway. 10,172 target genes were identified in YD group which enriched GO categories included protein binding and positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter and pathway included MAPK signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway.
Hsa-miR-20b-5p in patients with RAS could act as the novel target for the classification of the syndrome. It is upregulated in RAS patients with excess-heat syndrome while downregulated in patients with yin-deficiency syndrome. The PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways and their related target genes may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of RAS with excess-heat syndrome or yin-deficiency syndrome, respectively.
Mushrooms include a wide variety of bioactive compounds that have been linked to therapeutic and nutritional benefits, making them a potential source of new medications and functional foods.
The goal of this study is to offer a complete overview of the mushroom's modulatory effects on inflammatory signaling pathways, which leads to the inhibition of inflammation in various types of immune cells and animal models.
This study reviewed the inhibitory effects of mushrooms on the inflammation process through the modulation of the pro-inflammatory mediators and associated signaling pathways. A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for the relevant original research and review articles on the anti-inflammatory effects of mushrooms. Related articles published in English were selected, studied and discussed.
As revealed by the selected articles, bioactive molecules which include peptides, polysaccharides, terpenes, sterols, fatty acids, and phenols have been extracted from the powder, concentrate, and different solvent extracts of edible mushrooms. These bioactive molecules have shown significant efficacy in inhibiting the major pro-inflammatory biomarkers and associated pathways in in vivo and in vitro settings.
This review demonstrated that mushrooms significantly inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and can be developed for clinical use as anti-inflammatory agents. Further research is required to establish the comparative efficacy between mushrooms and NSAID especially in the in vivo inhibitory activity against the production of cyclooxygenase and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Calendula officinalis L. (Compositae) is a Mediterranean annual plant widely used for its versatile biological activities.
A bibliometric study of research data conducted from 1971 to 2021 was conducted.
Bibliographic data was retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer and MS Excel. Polynomial regression was used to assess the annual production of research documents related to C. officinalis.
A total of 1,252 journal articles and conference papers were published by 4,452 authors, originated from 98 countries and disseminated in 706 sources. Iran (n = 131), Brazil (n = 119), India (n = 113), Poland (n = 112), and Italy (n = 72) are the top-publishing countries. Journal of Ethnopharmacology is the top-cited journal, while Italy is the top-cited country. Steady growth was observed in the last fifty years, from 1971 to 2021. The anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and anti-microbial properties are among the most prolific studies that have been conducted on this plant. Extensive research has been carried out on antioxidant compounds, terpenes, and volatile oils. Skin care and wound healing are the most common clinical applications. Co-citation analysis, keywords co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling revealed diverse knowledge structures and intellectual dynamics.
This comprehensive bibliometric study indicates that Calendula officinalis received significant research. The structured information may help understand research trends and locate this plant's research hot spots and gaps.
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