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Effect of light absorption and critical beam power on self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam in collision less magnetized plasma 光吸收和临界光束功率对高斯激光束在无碰撞磁化等离子体中自聚焦的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122463
T. U. Urunkar, K. M. Gavade, B. D. Vhanmore, A. T. Valkunde, S. Patil, M. Takale
In the present paper, authors have studied the effect of light absorption and critical beam power on self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam propagating through collisionless magnetized plasma. The field distribution in the medium is expressed in terms of beam-width parameter and absorption coefficient. Usual parabolic equation approach under WKB and paraxial approximations is employed to obtain the differential equation for beam width parameter. It is found that critical critical beam power and absorption coefficient play vital role in propagation of Gaussian laser beam in collisionless magnetized plasma. The behavior of beam-width parameter with the normalized distance of propagation is studied at various values of critical beam power with different absorption levels in magnetized plasma. The results are presented in the form of graphs and discussed.In the present paper, authors have studied the effect of light absorption and critical beam power on self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam propagating through collisionless magnetized plasma. The field distribution in the medium is expressed in terms of beam-width parameter and absorption coefficient. Usual parabolic equation approach under WKB and paraxial approximations is employed to obtain the differential equation for beam width parameter. It is found that critical critical beam power and absorption coefficient play vital role in propagation of Gaussian laser beam in collisionless magnetized plasma. The behavior of beam-width parameter with the normalized distance of propagation is studied at various values of critical beam power with different absorption levels in magnetized plasma. The results are presented in the form of graphs and discussed.
本文研究了光吸收和临界光束功率对高斯激光束在无碰撞磁化等离子体中自聚焦的影响。介质中的场分布用波束宽度参数和吸收系数表示。采用WKB近似和近轴近似下常用的抛物方程方法,求出光束宽度参数的微分方程。研究发现,临界光束功率和吸收系数对高斯激光束在无碰撞磁化等离子体中的传输起着至关重要的作用。研究了磁化等离子体中不同吸收水平下不同临界光束功率下波束宽度参数随归一化传播距离的变化规律。结果以图表的形式给出,并进行了讨论。本文研究了光吸收和临界光束功率对高斯激光束在无碰撞磁化等离子体中自聚焦的影响。介质中的场分布用波束宽度参数和吸收系数表示。采用WKB近似和近轴近似下常用的抛物方程方法,求出光束宽度参数的微分方程。研究发现,临界光束功率和吸收系数对高斯激光束在无碰撞磁化等离子体中的传输起着至关重要的作用。研究了磁化等离子体中不同吸收水平下不同临界光束功率下波束宽度参数随归一化传播距离的变化规律。结果以图表的形式给出,并进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of inter layers in joining dissimilar metals 中间层对异种金属连接的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122396
R. Pravin, S. Raj
In the recent decade, dissimilar metal joints are much sought in many critical industrial application. But joining of dissimilar metals pose many challenges because of the difference in chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of metals. Joining of dissimilar metals using interlayers by friction stud welding is an ideal solution. The strength and toughness of the weld can be further improved by introducing a layer of material in between the dissimilar metals. Interlayers are small thin sheet of material of metal used in friction welding of metals. This interlayer has typical effect on the welds and the found to produce desirable effects on the welded joints. This paper focuses on the various effects of interlayers on welding of dissimilar metals.In the recent decade, dissimilar metal joints are much sought in many critical industrial application. But joining of dissimilar metals pose many challenges because of the difference in chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of metals. Joining of dissimilar metals using interlayers by friction stud welding is an ideal solution. The strength and toughness of the weld can be further improved by introducing a layer of material in between the dissimilar metals. Interlayers are small thin sheet of material of metal used in friction welding of metals. This interlayer has typical effect on the welds and the found to produce desirable effects on the welded joints. This paper focuses on the various effects of interlayers on welding of dissimilar metals.
近十年来,异种金属接头在许多关键工业应用中得到了广泛的应用。但由于金属的化学、热学和机械性能的差异,异种金属的连接带来了许多挑战。采用摩擦螺柱焊的夹层连接异种金属是一种理想的解决方案。通过在异种金属之间引入一层材料,可以进一步提高焊缝的强度和韧性。中间层是用于金属摩擦焊接的小薄片金属材料。该夹层对焊缝有典型的影响,对焊接接头产生了理想的影响。本文着重研究了中间层对异种金属焊接的各种影响。近十年来,异种金属接头在许多关键工业应用中得到了广泛的应用。但由于金属的化学、热学和机械性能的差异,异种金属的连接带来了许多挑战。采用摩擦螺柱焊的夹层连接异种金属是一种理想的解决方案。通过在异种金属之间引入一层材料,可以进一步提高焊缝的强度和韧性。中间层是用于金属摩擦焊接的小薄片金属材料。该夹层对焊缝有典型的影响,对焊接接头产生了理想的影响。本文着重研究了中间层对异种金属焊接的各种影响。
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引用次数: 1
MOF derived Co/C and Co3O4/C polyhedron for hydrogen evolution reaction MOF导出Co/C和Co3O4/C多面体用于析氢反应
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122629
U. Azad, Sandeep Kumar, A. Singh, R. Prakash, A. Singh
We have synthesized MOF derived cobalt-polyhedron by facile method and the same was characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Prepared polyhedronhas rhombic dodecahedron shape and shows efficient electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution in 0.5M H2SO4 solution. Acid washed (AW) samples shows better HER activity as compared to their only heat-treated counterpart. 900AW show maximum HER activity (Tafel slope 86.9 mV dec-1). It was found that temperature as well as porosity plays very important role in HER.We have synthesized MOF derived cobalt-polyhedron by facile method and the same was characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Prepared polyhedronhas rhombic dodecahedron shape and shows efficient electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution in 0.5M H2SO4 solution. Acid washed (AW) samples shows better HER activity as compared to their only heat-treated counterpart. 900AW show maximum HER activity (Tafel slope 86.9 mV dec-1). It was found that temperature as well as porosity plays very important role in HER.
本文采用易溶法合成了MOF衍生钴多面体,并用各种光谱和分析技术对其进行了表征。制备的多面体具有菱形十二面体形状,在0.5M H2SO4溶液中表现出高效的析氢电催化活性。与热处理样品相比,酸洗(AW)样品显示出更好的HER活性。900AW显示最大的HER活性(Tafel斜率86.9 mV / dec1)。研究发现,温度和孔隙率对热释气的影响非常大。本文采用易溶法合成了MOF衍生钴多面体,并用各种光谱和分析技术对其进行了表征。制备的多面体具有菱形十二面体形状,在0.5M H2SO4溶液中表现出高效的析氢电催化活性。与热处理样品相比,酸洗(AW)样品显示出更好的HER活性。900AW显示最大的HER活性(Tafel斜率86.9 mV / dec1)。研究发现,温度和孔隙率对热释气的影响非常大。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of lanthanum doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO along with photocatalytic activity in degradating toxic pesticide (monocrotophos) 镧掺杂对ZnO结构、光学性质及降解有毒农药(单效磷)光催化活性的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122346
Geetika, Vijay Luxmi, Ashavani Kumar
Organic pollutants such as pesticides, dyes used in agriculture and industries pollute the water on large scale. In order to solve the problem of water pollution caused by the agricultural pesticides its degradation process has been studied. For this purpose, pure-ZnO and La doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation method to observe photocatalytic response. Synthesized nanoparticles were unambiguously examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for morphological and structural characterization. UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) techniques for optical characterization. The average crystallite sizes of ZnO and La-doped ZnO NPs were ∼55 nm and 35 nm, respectively. For photocatalytic activity, monocrotophos which is an insecticide is aimed to degrade in normal water under u.v light illumination. Enhancement in photocatalytic degradation efficiency is observed in La-doped ZnO due to enhancement in the surface area.Organic pollutants such as pesticides, dyes used in agriculture and industries pollute the water on large scale. In order to solve the problem of water pollution caused by the agricultural pesticides its degradation process has been studied. For this purpose, pure-ZnO and La doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation method to observe photocatalytic response. Synthesized nanoparticles were unambiguously examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for morphological and structural characterization. UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) techniques for optical characterization. The average crystallite sizes of ZnO and La-doped ZnO NPs were ∼55 nm and 35 nm, respectively. For photocatalytic activity, monocrotophos which is an insecticide is aimed to degrade in normal water under u.v light illumination. Enhancement in photocatalytic degradation efficiency is observed in La-doped ZnO due to enhancement in the surface area.
农业和工业中使用的杀虫剂、染料等有机污染物大规模地污染了水。为解决农药对水体的污染问题,对农药的降解过程进行了研究。为此,采用共沉淀法合成了纯ZnO和La掺杂ZnO纳米粒子,观察了光催化反应。利用x射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术对合成的纳米颗粒进行了形态和结构表征。紫外可见光谱和光致发光(PL)技术用于光学表征。ZnO和la掺杂ZnO NPs的平均晶粒尺寸分别为~ 55 nm和35 nm。在光催化活性方面,单效磷作为一种杀虫剂,在紫外线照射下在正常水中降解。由于表面积的增加,la掺杂ZnO的光催化降解效率得到了提高。农业和工业中使用的杀虫剂、染料等有机污染物大规模地污染了水。为解决农药对水体的污染问题,对农药的降解过程进行了研究。为此,采用共沉淀法合成了纯ZnO和La掺杂ZnO纳米粒子,观察了光催化反应。利用x射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术对合成的纳米颗粒进行了形态和结构表征。紫外可见光谱和光致发光(PL)技术用于光学表征。ZnO和la掺杂ZnO NPs的平均晶粒尺寸分别为~ 55 nm和35 nm。在光催化活性方面,单效磷作为一种杀虫剂,在紫外线照射下在正常水中降解。由于表面积的增加,la掺杂ZnO的光催化降解效率得到了提高。
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引用次数: 3
Polyaniline integrated with reduced graphene oxide resulting in binder free electrode material for supercapacitor application 聚苯胺与还原氧化石墨烯集成,产生超级电容器应用的无粘结剂电极材料
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122550
Mandira Majumder, R. Choudhary, A. K. Thakur
Integration of polyaniline (PANI) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) resulting in PANI/rGO seems to be an effective way to eliminate the concern of cyclic stability attributed to the fragile back bone of polyaniline (PANI). Also, presence of aniline fibrils in the intervening layers of reduced graphene oxide enhances the conduction of the electrolytic ions in the resulting composite. The as-synthesized PANI/rGO composite shows an enhanced specific capacitance of 268 F g−1. All these results project PANI/rGO as an attractive electrode material for supercapacitor application.
聚苯胺(PANI)与还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)的整合产生聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯(PANI /rGO)似乎是消除聚苯胺(PANI)脆弱的骨架引起的循环稳定性问题的有效方法。此外,在还原氧化石墨烯的中间层中苯胺原纤维的存在增强了所得复合材料中电解离子的传导。合成的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料的比电容提高到268 F g−1。这些结果预示着聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯将成为一种极具吸引力的超级电容器电极材料。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Eu3+ ions on nonlinear optical properties of alklai borate glasses at near-infrared wavelengths Eu3+离子对碱硼酸盐玻璃近红外非线性光学性质的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122416
G. Jagannath, B. Eraiah, K. N. Krishnakanth, Venugopal Rao Soma
Optical glasses with enhanced third order nonlinear attributes are promsing materials for photonic applications, particularly for optical limiting and switching devices. With the aim of obtaining enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, Eu3+ doped borate glasses have been prepared through method of melt quench. NLO properties of fabricated glasses were investigated using Z‒scan techinique as a function of Eu2O3 concentration at near-infrared (NIR) wavelength (800 nm) by utilising 150 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses generated at a repetetion rate of 80 MHz from sapphire laser. The investigated glasses demonstrated a reverse saturable absorption (RSA) type of behaviour in open aperture (OA) configuration and positive nonlinear refraction in closed aperture (CA) configuration. The retrieved NLO coefficients evidently demonstrate the studied glasses are competing materials for photonic applications under fs regime.Optical glasses with enhanced third order nonlinear attributes are promsing materials for photonic applications, particularly for optical limiting and switching devices. With the aim of obtaining enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, Eu3+ doped borate glasses have been prepared through method of melt quench. NLO properties of fabricated glasses were investigated using Z‒scan techinique as a function of Eu2O3 concentration at near-infrared (NIR) wavelength (800 nm) by utilising 150 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses generated at a repetetion rate of 80 MHz from sapphire laser. The investigated glasses demonstrated a reverse saturable absorption (RSA) type of behaviour in open aperture (OA) configuration and positive nonlinear refraction in closed aperture (CA) configuration. The retrieved NLO coefficients evidently demonstrate the studied glasses are competing materials for photonic applications under fs regime.
光学玻璃具有增强的三阶非线性属性,是光子应用中很有前途的材料,特别是在光限制和开关器件中。为了获得增强的非线性光学性能,采用熔体淬火法制备了掺Eu3+硼酸盐玻璃。利用蓝宝石激光以80 MHz的重复频率产生150飞秒(fs)激光脉冲,利用z扫描技术研究了近红外(800 nm)波长Eu2O3浓度对制备玻璃NLO性能的影响。所研究的玻璃在开孔(OA)结构中表现出反饱和吸收(RSA)类型的行为,在闭孔(CA)结构中表现出正非线性折射。得到的NLO系数表明,所研究的玻璃在fs波段下是光子应用的竞争材料。光学玻璃具有增强的三阶非线性属性,是光子应用中很有前途的材料,特别是在光限制和开关器件中。为了获得增强的非线性光学性能,采用熔体淬火法制备了掺Eu3+硼酸盐玻璃。利用蓝宝石激光以80 MHz的重复频率产生150飞秒(fs)激光脉冲,利用z扫描技术研究了近红外(800 nm)波长Eu2O3浓度对制备玻璃NLO性能的影响。所研究的玻璃在开孔(OA)结构中表现出反饱和吸收(RSA)类型的行为,在闭孔(CA)结构中表现出正非线性折射。得到的NLO系数表明,所研究的玻璃在fs波段下是光子应用的竞争材料。
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引用次数: 1
Concept of certainty in residual life of a system 系统剩余寿命的确定性概念
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122600
Surender Singh, Sonam Sharma
Uncertainty in residual life of a system us an important characteristic of a fault tolerant system. Certainty can be viewed as a dual of uncertainty. In this paper, we introduce a residual certainty measure. We show that the residual certainty measure characterizes the exponential distribution and distribution function.Uncertainty in residual life of a system us an important characteristic of a fault tolerant system. Certainty can be viewed as a dual of uncertainty. In this paper, we introduce a residual certainty measure. We show that the residual certainty measure characterizes the exponential distribution and distribution function.
系统剩余寿命的不确定性是容错系统的一个重要特征。确定性可以被看作是不确定性的双重性。本文引入了一种剩余确定性测度。我们证明了剩余确定性测度具有指数分布和分布函数的特征。系统剩余寿命的不确定性是容错系统的一个重要特征。确定性可以被看作是不确定性的双重性。本文引入了一种剩余确定性测度。我们证明了剩余确定性测度具有指数分布和分布函数的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of annealing temperature on structural and dielectric properties of bismuth ferrite nanostructures 退火温度对铋铁氧体纳米结构结构和介电性能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122344
Praveen Kumar, P. Chand, Aman Joshi
In the present work, we have synthesized BiFeO3 nanostructures via Sol-gel method and investigated the effect of annealing temperature on structural and dielectric properties. The structural and morphology study of as synthesized and annealed samples was carried out by using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The XRD spectra of all the samples annealed at different temperature revealed that all the peaks correspond to the characteristic peaks of R3C phase of BiFeO3 indicating a single-phase rehombohedral crystal structure of BiFeO3. The crystallite size for sample T3 is 22 nm. The band gap of all BFO (T1, T2 and T3) sample were estimated by Uv-visible spectrography, which is 1.9 eV, 2.1 eV and 2.3 eV respectively. The dielectric properties of all the samples have been evaluated over a frequency range (5MHz-10Hz) by temperature dependent complex impedance spectroscopic analyzer.
本文采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了BiFeO3纳米结构,并研究了退火温度对结构和介电性能的影响。利用x射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(FESEM)对合成和退火后的样品进行了结构和形貌研究。经不同温度退火后样品的XRD谱图均与BiFeO3的R3C相特征峰相对应,表明BiFeO3为单相rehombohedral晶体结构。样品T3的晶粒尺寸为22 nm。所有BFO (T1、T2和T3)样品的带隙分别为1.9 eV、2.1 eV和2.3 eV。在5MHz-10Hz的频率范围内,用温度相关复阻抗谱分析仪对所有样品的介电性能进行了评估。
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引用次数: 5
Characteristics categorization dataset KDD cup’99 特征分类数据集KDD cup ' 99
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122494
S. Srivastava, Y. Sharma, Sheo Kumar
System security is an essential issue these days since the web utilization is expanding in multi-measurements mostly on account of much more use of convenient contraptions. The present web innovation experienced an issue of system security and information trustworthiness. Information For the uprightness and system security different application programming are utilized, for example, firewall and other checking antivirus programming. The regular monitoring of data and network need power full application and software such as intrusion detection system (IDS). Dataset will be helpful to identify malign intentions of network users without negotiating the security of the computer and the network. The dataset contain reasonable number of records in the train and test sets, which makes it affordable to run the experiments on the complete set without the need to randomly select a small portion.System security is an essential issue these days since the web utilization is expanding in multi-measurements mostly on account of much more use of convenient contraptions. The present web innovation experienced an issue of system security and information trustworthiness. Information For the uprightness and system security different application programming are utilized, for example, firewall and other checking antivirus programming. The regular monitoring of data and network need power full application and software such as intrusion detection system (IDS). Dataset will be helpful to identify malign intentions of network users without negotiating the security of the computer and the network. The dataset contain reasonable number of records in the train and test sets, which makes it affordable to run the experiments on the complete set without the need to randomly select a small portion.
系统安全是一个重要的问题,这些天,因为网络的利用是扩大在多方面,主要是由于更多的使用方便的装置。当前的网络创新经历了系统安全与信息可信的问题。为了保证系统的正确性和安全性,采用了不同的应用程序编程,例如防火墙和其他防病毒检查编程。对数据和网络的定期监控需要强大的应用程序和入侵检测系统(IDS)等软件。数据集将有助于识别网络用户的恶意意图,而无需协商计算机和网络的安全性。该数据集在训练集和测试集中包含合理数量的记录,这使得在完整的集合上运行实验可以负担得起,而不需要随机选择一小部分。系统安全是一个重要的问题,这些天,因为网络的利用是扩大在多方面,主要是由于更多的使用方便的装置。当前的网络创新经历了系统安全与信息可信的问题。为了保证系统的正确性和安全性,采用了不同的应用程序编程,例如防火墙和其他防病毒检查编程。对数据和网络的定期监控需要强大的应用程序和入侵检测系统(IDS)等软件。数据集将有助于识别网络用户的恶意意图,而无需协商计算机和网络的安全性。该数据集在训练集和测试集中包含合理数量的记录,这使得在完整的集合上运行实验可以负担得起,而不需要随机选择一小部分。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, electrical and optical properties of zinc-stannate thin films 快速重离子辐照对锡酸锌薄膜结构、电学和光学性能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122432
Y. Kumar, Ravi Kumar, K. Asokan, Avineesh Singh
In the present study, 120 MeV Ag ions were irradiated onzinc-stannate (Zn-Sn-O) thin films. The modifications in the structural, electrical and optical properties were studied using grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD), two probe method and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The crystalline to amorphous phase transformation was observed from GIXRD data. The electrical studies revealed that the resistivity has increased with doping and on irradiation. The minimum resistivity of 14 mΩ cm, at room temperature, has been observed for pristine Zn-Sn-O thin film. The average optical transmittance was above 75% in visible region for both pristine and SHI Irradiated zinc-stannate thin films.In the present study, 120 MeV Ag ions were irradiated onzinc-stannate (Zn-Sn-O) thin films. The modifications in the structural, electrical and optical properties were studied using grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD), two probe method and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The crystalline to amorphous phase transformation was observed from GIXRD data. The electrical studies revealed that the resistivity has increased with doping and on irradiation. The minimum resistivity of 14 mΩ cm, at room temperature, has been observed for pristine Zn-Sn-O thin film. The average optical transmittance was above 75% in visible region for both pristine and SHI Irradiated zinc-stannate thin films.
本研究采用120 MeV银离子辐照锡酸锌(Zn-Sn-O)薄膜。利用掠入射x射线衍射(GIXRD)、双探针法和紫外可见光谱研究了改性后的结构、电学和光学性能。通过x射线衍射(GIXRD)观察到晶体向非晶态相变。电学研究表明,电阻率随掺杂和辐照而增加。在室温下,原始Zn-Sn-O薄膜的最小电阻率为14 mΩ cm。原始锡酸锌薄膜和SHI辐照后的锡酸锌薄膜在可见光区的平均透过率均在75%以上。本研究采用120 MeV银离子辐照锡酸锌(Zn-Sn-O)薄膜。利用掠入射x射线衍射(GIXRD)、双探针法和紫外可见光谱研究了改性后的结构、电学和光学性能。通过x射线衍射(GIXRD)观察到晶体向非晶态相变。电学研究表明,电阻率随掺杂和辐照而增加。在室温下,原始Zn-Sn-O薄膜的最小电阻率为14 mΩ cm。原始锡酸锌薄膜和SHI辐照后的锡酸锌薄膜在可见光区的平均透过率均在75%以上。
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引用次数: 6
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