Comprehensive child and adolescent nursing最新文献

The use of traditional and complementary medicine is increasing in the population with developmental disabilities, including children diagnosed with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC). Despite the growing use of T&CM, limited research exists on its use in ASC populations. This study aims to explore the attitudes and behaviors of mothers with children diagnosed with ASC regarding of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) use and identify the factors influencing their decisions. This descriptive study was conducted with a total of 149 mothers of children diagnosed with ASC under the age of 18 who were receiving education in seven special education and rehabilitation centers. Data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Diagnostic Form for the Use of Traditional and Complementary Treatment Practices, and the Attitude toward the Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that 27.5% of mothers used T&CM for their children, with vitamins and minerals being the most commonly used forms (65.9%). Higher maternal education and paternal self-employment were significantly associated with T&CM use (p < .05). The study suggests that healthcare professionals should be aware of the widespread use of T&CM and provide parents with accurate information regarding these practices. These findings underscore the importance of healthcare professionals being informed about the prevalence of T&CM use in children with ASC and proactively guiding families with evidence-based information. Further research is warranted to assess the safety and effectiveness of these practices in this vulnerable population.

Communication is a right of children, a pillar of the philosophy of Child-Centered Care and health advocacy, and a priority for research. Despite the widespread recognition that developmentally appropriate information has a positive effect on children's healthcare experience, their information needs remain unmet. Giving voice to the child's experience is vital for transforming this scenario. In our study, we aimed to understand the perspective of hospitalized children regarding the sharing of information by healthcare professionals. A descriptive, qualitative study was developed, grounded in the philosophy of Child-Centered Care. Thirty school-aged children, hospitalized in a pediatric inpatient unit at an university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, participated in the study. Data collection occurred between July 2023 and May 2024 through semi-structured individual interviews, analyzed using Inductive Thematic Analysis and Lexical Analysis. Four themes emerged: 1) Family members: source of information, support, and comfort; 2) Individual information needs; 3) Barriers to understanding information; and 4) Identifying encouraging information. In summary, for children, the sharing of information by healthcare professionals is permeated by barriers that hinder their understanding, requiring them to turn to family members to decode messages, as they often feel shy about directing questions to the healthcare professionals. During hospitalization, children identify information shared by the team, such as the possibility of attending the playroom and the pedagogy room, as powerful in alleviating boredom, promoting cheerfulness, and supporting learning.

Background: Spina bifida (SB), a congenital defect affecting neural tube closure, results in physical, neuropsychological, and social challenges. Adolescents with SB may experience impaired social functioning due to mobility limitations, pain, and cognitive issues, which can affect their overall well-being. However, little is known about factors facilitating social functioning in these adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the perceptions and expectations of adolescents with SB and their parents regarding social functioning, identifying facilitators and challenges that could inform interventions.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive design and interactive interviews were used with adolescent-parent dyads. Adolescents recruited were diagnosed with myelomeningocele (the most severe form of SB), spoke English, and had cognitive ability to participate in an interview. Adolescents' English-speaking parents were also recruited. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis to identify key themes related to social functioning.

Results: Participants were 10 primarily African American adolescent-parent dyads where the adolescents were aged 12-14. The interviews revealed four key themes: (1) facilitators of social functioning, primarily family relationships and family/peer support, helped adolescents navigate social interactions despite their physical limitations; (2) challenges to social functioning, including mobility limitations, stigma, and difficulty developing friendships, often led to social isolation; (3) the impact of social participation on physical and mental health was evident, with both adolescents and parents recognizing that social involvement contributed positively to well-being; and (4) the impact of parents' expectations on social functioning significantly shaped adolescents' social involvement, with some parents promoting active participation while others limited social activities to protect their children from negative influences.

Conclusion: Minority adolescents with SB face significant barriers to social functioning, particularly due to pain, mobility limitations, and stigma/bullying. However, strong family support and peer relationships played a critical role in fostering social engagement and promoting overall well-being. The study highlights the importance of early interventions and inclusive programs that reduce stigma/bullying and promote social participation for adolescents with SB. Findings provide a voice for underrepresented African American adolescents and insight into the complex interplay of physical, social, and psychological factors affecting adolescents with SB, offering guidance for future interventions aimed at enhancing social functioning.

This descriptive study evaluated the symptoms and their clustering in adolescents undergoing chemotherapy for oncological malignancies. Conducted between December 2022 and December 2023, the study included 133 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years who were treated for cancer in the pediatric oncology unit of a university hospital in Turkey. Data analysis involved mean and percentage calculations, factor analysis, hierarchical clustering methods, dendrograms, and correlation analysis. The mean age of participants was 14.13 ± 2.13 years, with 52.6% being male. The most frequently reported symptoms were lack of appetite (75.9%), feeling nervous (74.4%), and lack of energy (69.2%), while the least common symptoms included problems with urination (25.6%), constipation (22.6%), and swelling of the arms or legs (10.5%). Four distinct symptom clusters were identified: Cluster 1 included nausea, vomiting, pain, lack of appetite, lack of energy, and drowsiness; Cluster 2 encompassed dry mouth, irritability, sadness, and worry; Cluster 3 comprised changes in taste perception, altered self-image ("I don't look like myself"), weight loss, hair loss, skin changes, mouth sores, and nervousness; and Cluster 4 included diarrhea, itching, sweating, difficulty swallowing, urinary problems, insomnia, dyspnea, dizziness, limb swelling, constipation, and cough. The study highlighted that lack of appetite, feeling nervous, and lack of energy were the most prevalent symptoms and categorized symptoms into four distinct clusters, offering a framework for targeted nursing interventions. The identification of specific symptom clusters - ranging from gastrointestinal distress to emotional well-being - underscores the importance of cluster-based approaches in enhancing symptom management strategies.

In today's world, in which technology has become an inseparable part of daily life, the use of digital technology is increasingly common among children. It is important to investigate the topic of digital technology use, which can affect children's social, emotional, psychological, mental, and physical development in many ways, as well as the reasons that can influence the characteristics they should possess. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of parents' digital awareness on their digital attitude behaviors. This study was descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational. The study was conducted with parents (n = 545) Descriptive Information Form, Digital Parenting Awareness Scale and Digital Parenting Attitude Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. It was determined that there was a strong and negatively significant relationship between the mean total scores of the parents' digital attitude behaviors and digital neglect (r = -0.529, p < .001), strong negative significant relationship (r = -0.643, p < .001) between the mean scores of parents' digital attitude behaviors and negative modeling sub-dimension (r = -0.643, p < .001). It was determined that there was a strong negative significant relationship between parents' digital attitude behaviors and the condition of being a negative role model, a moderate negative significant relationship with the condition of digital neglect, a moderate positive significant relationship with the condition of efficient use, and a moderate positive significant relationship with the condition of risk protection.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and Years Lived with a Disability (YLDs) caused by conduct disorder in 21 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Sex and age differences in conduct disorder were investigated as well as the trend of conduct disorder from 1990 to 2021. Data from the MENA were used for this study. This super region includes 21 countries. All-age count estimates and age-standardized rate (Per 100,000) were calculated for prevalence, incidence, and YLDs. Each of the disease burden indicators was examined in the period of 1990-2021, stratified by sex, age, and location, and the % change between 1990 and 2021 was reported. The 95% uncertainty interval was reported for each of the reported estimates. In 2021, there were 41 million cases of conduct disorder, globally. In 2021, there were 3.5 million cases of conduct disorder in MENA; the conduct disorder count had a significant growth from 1990. At the national level, the highest conduct disorder was in Iran. The lowest age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) per 100,000 conduct disorder was in Syria. Of the total cases of conduct disorder in the MENA, 2.350 million were males and 1.100 million were females. The findings of this study showed an increase in the burden of conduct disorder over the past three decades in the MENA. Considering the demographic changes and population increase compared to three decades ago, as well as social, health, and economic developments, it is necessary to pay more attention to the health of children and adolescents in health-related policies.

The terminology used for Registered Nurses specializing in caring for neonates, infants, children, young people (CYP), and their families varies globally. While many countries' nursing students qualify as "Registered Nurses" upon completion of undergraduate education, specialist titles like "Children's Nurses" in the United Kingdom or "Pediatric Nurses" in Italy denote expertise in CYP care. In countries like the United States and Canada, neonatal and pediatric nursing specialization typically requires postgraduate study. However, there is limited evidence on the range of international terms for nurses in this field. This expert opinion paper presents the results from a scoping survey designed to identify and catalog these terms across different countries. This exercise and the data collected were used to inform a larger cross-section study: "A Survey To map the glObal provision of children's nUrsiNg eDucation" (the ASTOUND study). Conducted between May and August 2024, the survey collected responses from 76 participants across 34 countries representing all continents. Content analysis and descriptive statistics revealed 20 distinct terms, with "Paediatric/Pediatric Nurse" (n = 28) as the most common, followed by "Children's Nurse" (n = 7), "Child Health Nurse" (n = 5), and others. Additional findings highlighted regional variation in terminology based on the clinical setting and population age range, underscoring historical and cultural influences on these terms. This initial survey provides a snapshot of global terminology. It underscores the need for further research, setting the stage for exploration in the ASTOUND study to map the provision of children's nursing education worldwide.

The involvement of children and young people themselves, rather than that of their caregivers, in healthcare research that affects them, has increasingly been recognized as essential. However, the significance of children and young people being experts by experience, when participating in and shaping research has received less attention. This article discusses findings from the British-English Linguistic Validation Study of Sisom. Sisom is an interactive computerized symptom assessment and communication intervention that helps ill children convey their physical, functional and psychosocial symptoms and problems and assists their caregivers to better understand these issues and respond with appropriate care. When using Sisom, children first create an avatar and then sail around an archipelago of five islands ("at the hospital," "about managing things," "my body," "thoughts and feelings," "things one might be afraid of"). Each island represents a potential problem for the child. In this study, we linguistically validated the British-English version of Sisom, by first recruiting a convenience sample of "healthy" children and later a sample of children with cancer. Children were asked to review the symptom pictures and symptom terms used within Sisom to check they were easy to understand. Even after the removal of cancer-specific terms, there were still terms that "healthy" children did not know, as they lacked a frame of reference. Some symptom terms about bodily functions caused visible embarrassment for "healthy" children; this was not observed in children with cancer. The involvement of "healthy" children as proxies for children with cancer proved to be insufficient in our study. Our findings illustrate the importance of consulting with children and young people with lived experience, how children and young people can only be an expert by experience on their individual circumstances, and why recruiting or consulting "healthy" proxies for children and young people with health conditions is not enough. We should not expect children to speak as a collective. They are not a homogeneous group. Researchers should be aware of the potential implications for their study of not involving such experts with experience in each stage of their research.

This discussion paper draws on a range of personal and other published research articles to respond to calls for a re-conceptualization of the concept of Transition. Acknowledging the roots of the concept in developmental and health psychology, the article briefly considers application to fields of practice in formal and informal education, health, social care, counseling, and psychotherapy that underpin approaches to supporting young people to navigate the journey to adulthood. UK service provision is discussed to consider why linear developmental approaches may be problematic, alongside recent calls for a re-conceptualization of what we mean by Transition to successfully understand, support, and enable complex journeys to young adulthood. The paper concludes by proposing a holistic, non-linear bio-ecological systems approach within which it is possible to integrate globally evolving research, pathways, models, and interventions. The approach will be of interest to an international readership because principles can be adapted to respond to shared and country-specific challenges, developments, and models of service provision as we approach the second quarter of the twenty-first century.