Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology最新文献_第7页

The post-Cartesian dilemma: Reuniting the mind and body through psychoneuroimmunology 后笛卡尔困境：通过心理神经免疫学实现身心合一

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100265

Jeanette M. Bennett

While today, it might seem absurd to hear anyone claim that stress does not alter all aspects of the human experience, including behavioral, cognitive, affective, and physiological processes. Dr. Janice Kiecolt-Glaser started her career at a time when stress was primarily considered a neuroendocrine response with cardiovascular repercussions. She was part of a small group of innovative scientists who began to push the boundaries of stress research – many contemporary immunologists and virologist disputed their early results in 1980s and 90s – and, yet, they persevered by connecting psychological stress to altered immune function via stress-related neuroendocrine changes. As a clinical psychologist, she focused mainly on human research studies to advance the field of psychoneuroimmunology throughout her career. Her research demonstrates how adversity and psychosocial aspects of human experience alter physiological functioning, primarily immune, and health or, in other words, the embodiment of our lived experiences. This short review is a contextualized synthesis of Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser's key contributions to the fields of psychoneuroimmunology and health psychology and her influence on my present day thinking and research approaches, as well as potential steps forward in our post-pandemic world.

今天，如果有人说压力不会改变人类经历的方方面面，包括行为、认知、情感和生理过程，这似乎有些荒谬。Janice Kiecolt-Glaser 博士在开始她的职业生涯时，压力主要被认为是一种神经内分泌反应，会对心血管产生影响。上世纪八九十年代，许多当代免疫学家和病毒学家对他们的早期研究成果提出质疑，但他们坚持不懈，通过与压力相关的神经内分泌变化，将心理压力与免疫功能的改变联系起来。作为一名临床心理学家，她在整个职业生涯中主要专注于人体研究，以推动心理神经免疫学领域的发展。她的研究展示了人类经历中的逆境和社会心理如何改变生理功能（主要是免疫功能）和健康，或者换句话说，如何体现我们的生活经历。这篇简短的综述是对 Kiecolt-Glaser 博士在心理神经免疫学和健康心理学领域的主要贡献、她对我当今思维和研究方法的影响以及在流行病后的世界中可能采取的前进步骤的背景综述。

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引用次数: 0

Distress and inflammation are independently associated with cancer-related symptom severity 苦恼和炎症与癌症相关症状的严重程度独立相关

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100269

Tamara E. Lacourt , D. Tripathy , Maria C. Swartz , Emily C. LaVoy , Cobi J. Heijnen

Objective

To evaluate longitudinal associations of distress and inflammation with somatic and depressive symptom severity in breast cancer patients, from before to six months after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We also explored feasibility and effects of an early mindfulness-based intervention for preventing or reducing somatic and depressive symptoms.

Methods

Longitudinal pilot study with a randomized waitlist-controlled intervention design. Women with breast cancer were randomized to receive access to a smartphone application offering meditation exercises, either immediately after baseline testing (intervention group) or after study completion (control group) in a 1:1 ratio. Assessments (self-report questionnaires and a blood draw when feasible) were completed before, halfway through, immediately after, and 6 months after completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Fifty evaluable women were enrolled. Somatic symptom severity increased during chemotherapy, whereas depressive symptom severity was at its peak before treatment and declined gradually thereafter. Distress was positively associated with depressive symptom severity. Only Distress Thermometer-results were positively associated with somatic symptom severity. Inflammation was positively associated with both types of symptoms, and distress did not moderate the associations between inflammation and symptom severity. Intervention adherence was low and no intervention effect on symptom experience was observed.

Conclusion

Inflammation and distress are independently associated with somatic and depressive symptoms experienced during breast cancer treatment.

目的评估乳腺癌患者从新辅助化疗前到化疗后六个月期间的痛苦和炎症与躯体症状和抑郁症状严重程度之间的纵向关联。我们还探讨了以正念为基础的早期干预措施在预防或减轻躯体症状和抑郁症状方面的可行性和效果。患有乳腺癌的妇女按 1:1 的比例被随机分配到提供冥想练习的智能手机应用中，或者在基线测试后立即进行冥想练习（干预组），或者在研究完成后进行冥想练习（对照组）。在完成新辅助化疗前、化疗中途、化疗后和化疗后 6 个月，分别完成评估（自我报告问卷和抽血）。躯体症状的严重程度在化疗期间有所增加，而抑郁症状的严重程度在治疗前达到高峰，之后逐渐下降。躯体不适与抑郁症状严重程度呈正相关。只有 "压力温度计 "的结果与躯体症状的严重程度呈正相关。炎症与这两类症状均呈正相关，而苦恼并不能缓和炎症与症状严重程度之间的关联。结论炎症和痛苦与乳腺癌治疗过程中出现的躯体症状和抑郁症状独立相关。

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引用次数: 0

Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right” 参与皮质醇唤醒反应研究的经历："我比平时更清醒，我想把事情做好

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100276

Natasha Ramachandran, Nina Smyth, Sanjay Joban, Maria Flynn, Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn

Cortisol awakening response (CAR) research relies upon self-collected saliva sampling during the post-awakening period. It is unknown how the CAR protocol is perceived and how they may affect typical routines relevant to CAR methodology. CAR assessment is sensitive to state variables, suggesting that CAR measurement may be affected by research participation. This is the first qualitative study to explore motivation and experiences of participation in CAR research.

Interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 participants (males/females: 4/16) aged 46-82 years following their participation in CAR research in the domestic setting. Responses were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

Participants were motivated to take part in CAR research for altruistic reasons and the apparent convenience of undertaking the study at home. Participants experienced the study as arduous describing apprehension and the cognitive burden it placed on them leading to disruptions to sleep and morning routines. Participants also struggled to identify the moment of awakening and there was uncertainty surrounding the timing of the first awakening sample. Disruptions were lessened with habituation to sampling on repeated study days.

There was apprehension about taking part in CAR research, affecting mood, cognition, and sleep; state variables known to influence the CAR. Findings inform ways to optimise CAR ‘ecological validity’ and obtain typical CAR characteristics. The ‘moment of awakening’, was not universally understood, leading to hesitancy in deciding when to collect saliva samples. Researchers need to include a specific discussion of the commonly experienced ambiguity surrounding awakening to increase awareness, lessen anxiety and highlight its importance.

皮质醇唤醒反应（CAR）研究依赖于在唤醒后时期自采唾液样本。目前还不清楚人们如何看待 CAR 方案，也不清楚这些方案会如何影响与 CAR 方法相关的典型例行程序。CAR 评估对状态变量很敏感，这表明 CAR 测量可能会受到研究参与的影响。本研究首次对参与 CAR 研究的动机和经历进行了定性研究。研究人员对 20 名参与者（男/女：4/16）进行了访谈，他们的年龄在 46-82 岁之间，都是在国内环境中参与 CAR 研究的。参与者参与 CAR 研究的动机是出于利他主义，而且在家中进行研究显然很方便。参与者体验到了研究的艰辛，描述了研究给他们带来的忧虑和认知负担，导致他们的睡眠和晨间作息被打乱。参与者也很难确定觉醒的时刻，而且第一个觉醒样本的时间也不确定。在重复研究的日子里，随着对取样的习惯化，扰乱情况有所缓解。参加 CAR 研究的人对影响情绪、认知和睡眠（已知会影响 CAR 的状态变量）感到担忧。研究结果为优化 CAR "生态有效性 "和获得典型 CAR 特征提供了参考。唤醒时刻 "没有得到普遍理解，导致在决定何时采集唾液样本时犹豫不决。研究人员需要对唤醒过程中普遍存在的模糊认识进行具体讨论，以提高意识、减轻焦虑并强调其重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Exogenous oxytocin administered to induce or augment labour is positively associated with quality of observed mother-infant bonding 为引产或催产而注射的外源性催产素与观察到的母婴关系质量呈正相关

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100262

Hannah Edwards , Femke TA. Buisman-Pijlman , Adrian Esterman , Craig Phillips , Sandra Orgeig , Andrea Gordon

Oxytocin is a key hormone in the transition to motherhood. The maternal endogenous oxytocin system facilitates many physiological and biological adaptations, including breastfeeding, maternal wellbeing, and brain plasticity. Additionally, maternal endogenous oxytocin works as a finetuned orchestrator prior to, during, and after the birth of a child to support birth progression and mother-infant bonding. Exogenous oxytocin may be administered to induce or augment labour when this is not progressing naturally and is a common obstetric intervention worldwide. However, the lasting impact of these widely varying levels of systemic exogenous oxytocin on mother-infant bonding is currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between exogenous oxytocin administered to induce or augment labour and quality of observed mother-infant bonding.

Thirty-eight mother and infant dyads participated (mothers aged 24–48 years; infants aged 2–5 months). Mother-infant bonding quality was assessed via the Recorded Interaction Task and hospital birth records were consulted to obtain exogenous oxytocin administration data. Demographic information and possible confounding factors were collected from dyads, and salivary oxytocin concentration was measured for both mother and infant.

Mother's perception of infant sleep difficulty was identified as a confounding factor for quality of mother-infant bonding. After controlling for the confounding factor, receiving exogenous oxytocin to induce or augment labour, as opposed to not, was found to be significantly positively associated with higher quality of observed mother-infant bonding (p = 0.029). These novel findings highlight the need for further exploration, both of the impact of the treatment and of the mechanisms of action of intrapartum exogenous oxytocin on the endogenous oxytocin system. It is argued that particular focus be given to investigate action on the central oxytocin receptors, and if this may play a role in subsequent mother-infant bonding outcomes. It is vital to understand the full breadth and the clinical implications of this commonplace procedure.

催产素是向母亲过渡的关键激素。母体内源性催产素系统促进了许多生理和生物适应，包括母乳喂养、母体健康和大脑可塑性。此外，母体内源性催产素在婴儿出生前、出生过程中和出生后发挥着微调协调作用，以支持分娩进展和母婴关系的建立。当分娩不能自然进行时，可使用外源性催产素进行催产或催产，这也是世界上常见的产科干预措施。然而，目前尚不清楚这些不同水平的全身外源性催产素对母婴关系的持久影响。本研究旨在调查为引产或催产而注射的外源性催产素与所观察到的母婴亲子关系质量之间的关系。有38对母婴（母亲年龄为24-48岁；婴儿年龄为2-5个月）参加了本研究。通过记录互动任务评估母婴结合质量，并查阅医院出生记录以获取外源性催产素用药数据。研究人员收集了母婴双方的人口统计学信息和可能的混杂因素，并测量了母亲和婴儿唾液中催产素的浓度。在控制了混杂因素后，发现接受外源性催产素引产或催产与不接受外源性催产素引产或催产与观察到的较高母婴关系质量呈显著正相关（p = 0.029）。这些新发现突出表明，有必要进一步探讨产中外源性催产素对内源性催产素系统的影响和作用机制。有观点认为，应重点研究催产素对中枢催产素受体的作用，以及这种作用是否会对随后的母婴结合结果产生影响。了解这一普通程序的全部范围和临床影响至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding psychological symptoms among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 Omicron pandemic: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey in 2023 了解 COVID-19 Omicron 大流行期间中国大学生的心理症状：2023 年全国横断面调查的结果

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100278

You Xin, Tianrui Ren, Xu Chen, Xin Liu, Yijin Wu, Shu Jing, Ling Zhang, Zhenwei Dai, Ye Wang, Xiaoyou Su

During the Omicron pandemic in late 2022, this study surveyed Chinese students via an online questionnaire to assess their mental health status, prevalence of psychological symptoms, and associated factors. A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 4254 participants was conducted in seven regions of China from January 5 to February 9, 2023. Scales were utilized respectively to measure depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and perceived social support. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariable analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Protective factors against depressive symptoms include regular exercise and robust social support networks, while risk factors involve excessive alcohol consumption, comorbidities, Omicron infection, and irregular sleep patterns. Risk factors for anxiety symptoms include comorbidities, Omicron infection, living alone, and irregular sleep patterns, while social support emerges as a protective factor. For PTSD symptoms, regular exercise and strong social support systems are identified as protective measures, with risks associated with comorbidities, Omicron infection, and poor sleep quality. Students are particularly vulnerable during the pandemic due to their lifestyle and academic pressures. It's essential to bolster their social support and promote healthier habits.

在 2022 年末的欧米茄大流行期间，本研究通过在线问卷对中国学生进行了调查，以评估他们的心理健康状况、心理症状的发生率以及相关因素。本研究于 2023 年 1 月 5 日至 2 月 9 日在中国 7 个地区开展了一项全国性横断面调查，共有 4254 人参与。调查采用量表分别测量抑郁症状、焦虑症状、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状和感知社会支持。通过描述性分析、单变量分析和多变量分析来确定相关因素。抑郁症状的保护因素包括经常锻炼和强大的社会支持网络，而风险因素则包括过度饮酒、合并症、Omicron 感染和不规律的睡眠模式。焦虑症状的风险因素包括合并症、奥米克隆感染、独居和不规律的睡眠模式，而社会支持则是一个保护因素。对于创伤后应激障碍症状，经常锻炼和强大的社会支持系统被认为是保护性措施，而风险则与合并症、奥米克隆感染和睡眠质量差有关。由于生活方式和学业压力，学生在大流行期间尤其脆弱。加强他们的社会支持和促进更健康的生活习惯至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A randomized controlled clinical trial of a Wim Hof Method intervention in women with high depressive symptoms 针对抑郁症状严重女性的 Wim Hof 方法干预随机对照临床试验

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100272

Robin Blades , Wendy Berry Mendes , Brian P. Don , Stefanie E. Mayer , Rebecca Dileo , Julia O'Bryan , Elena Fromer , Joanna Y. Guan , Sylvia S. Cheng , Ashley E. Mason , Aric A. Prather , Elissa S. Epel

Objective

Stress is a driver of depression, and people with depression often struggle to cope with stress and anxiety. This study directly compares the mental health effects of a Wim Hof Method intervention to an active control condition (slow breathing) in women with high stress and high depressive symptoms.

Methods

We randomized 84 healthy midlife women with high stress and high depressive symptoms to either: 1) the hormetic stress condition based on the Wim Hof Method (WHM) involving a breathing technique designed to induce intermittent hypoxia and cold showers (n = 41) or 2) an active comparison condition involving slow-paced breathing and warm showers (n = 43). We provided participants with daily audio instructions (15 min) for three weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). Our primary outcomes were depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress collected at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3 months later. We also assessed daily stress rumination and affect with daily diary during the intervention, and participants completed a laboratory stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test, before and after the intervention, and provided samples for salivary cortisol reactivity.

Results

Participants in the active control condition perceived the intervention to be more credible and expected greater mental wellbeing benefits compared to those in the Wim Hof Method condition. Differential attrition was observed with six participants (7 %) dropping out -- all from WHM condition. Among the participants who completed the intervention, both groups improved on mental health outcomes immediately after the intervention with a 24 % reduction in depressive symptoms, a 27 % reduction in anxiety symptoms, and 20 % reduction in perceived stress. Improvements were maintained at the 3-month follow-up with 46 % of the sample reporting mild or no depressive symptoms. Participants in the WHM condition had significant reductions in rumination after daily stressful events compared to those in the active control group. Both conditions had reduced daily negative affect across the intervention and lower peak cortisol reactivity to the lab stressor post-intervention.

Conclusions

Counter to the preregistered predictions, and despite participants’ differing expectations, the interventions led to equivalent reductions in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress, which were sustained at three months. They also produced comparable reductions in cortisol reactivity and daily negative affect. However, the WHM condition was associated with greater reduction in reported rumination after daily stressful events than the active control, a finding that needs replication with larger and more diverse samples.

目标压力是抑郁症的诱因之一，而抑郁症患者往往难以应对压力和焦虑。本研究直接比较了 Wim Hof 方法干预措施与积极对照条件（缓慢呼吸）对高压力和高抑郁症状女性的心理健康影响：1）基于 Wim Hof 方法（WHM）的荷尔蒙压力条件，包括旨在诱发间歇性缺氧的呼吸技术和冷水淋浴（n = 41）；或 2）积极的对比条件，包括慢节奏呼吸和温水淋浴（n = 43）。在 COVID-19 大流行期间（2020-2021 年），我们为参与者提供了为期三周的每日音频指导（15 分钟）。我们的主要结果是在干预前、干预后和 3 个月后收集的抑郁症状、焦虑症状和感知压力。在干预期间，我们还通过每日日记对参与者的日常压力反刍和情绪进行了评估，参与者在干预前和干预后完成了一项实验室压力测试--特里尔社会压力测试，并提供了唾液皮质醇反应性样本。观察到了不同的流失情况，有六名参与者（7%）退出了干预，他们都来自 "WHM "条件下。在完成干预的参与者中，两组人在干预后都立即改善了心理健康结果，抑郁症状减少了 24%，焦虑症状减少了 27%，感知压力减少了 20%。在 3 个月的随访中，改善效果得以保持，46% 的样本报告抑郁症状轻微或没有抑郁症状。与积极对照组的参与者相比，在日常压力事件发生后，妇女健康管理组的参与者的反刍明显减少。结论与预先登记的预测相反，尽管参与者有不同的期望，但干预措施对抑郁症状、焦虑症状和感知压力的减轻效果相当，并在三个月后得以持续。它们对皮质醇反应性和日常负面情绪也产生了类似的抑制作用。然而，与积极对照组相比，妇女健康管理组在日常压力事件后报告的反刍减少得更多，这一发现需要在更大规模和更多样化的样本中进行验证。

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引用次数: 0

Is age more than a number? Accounting for adult development and aging in the study of psychoneuroimmunology, stress, and health 年龄不仅仅是一个数字吗？在心理神经免疫学、压力和健康研究中考虑成人发展和老龄化问题

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100266

Stephanie J. Wilson

Traditional stress-and-health models link stressors to their health consequences through a well-characterized cascade. Most of the research assumes that the stress-health sequence unfolds in the same way across adulthood, whether a person is 25 years old or 80. Taking a “developmental” or “lifespan” approach has been synonymous with studying the lasting health impacts of early life experiences. However, theories and evidence from adult development and geroscience suggest that stress-health dynamics evolve in important ways over the adult lifespan—from the stressors that we encounter, to the emotion regulation strategies that we use to confront challenges, to the psychosocial resources at our disposal, to the cellular milieu, and thus to the magnitude of stressors' biological and functional consequences. This critical review synthesizes theoretical perspectives and selected empirical literature on the social-emotional and biological dimensions of aging to promote an Integrative Model of Aging, Stress, and Health. Through this integration, the model illustrates how an interdisciplinary, developmental perspective can enrich our understanding of stress's consequences for health across adulthood. It also seeks to guide a new generation of research questions that confront aging with a multidimensional approach. The piece concludes with personal reflections on the foundational legacy of the author's mentor, Dr. Janice Kiecolt-Glaser.

传统的压力与健康模型通过一个表征明确的级联将压力因素与其健康后果联系起来。大多数研究假设，无论一个人是 25 岁还是 80 岁，压力-健康序列在整个成年期都以相同的方式展开。采用 "发展 "或 "生命周期 "的方法一直是研究早期生活经历对健康的持久影响的同义词。然而，来自成人发展和地球科学的理论和证据表明，压力与健康的动态关系在人的一生中会发生重要的演变--从我们遇到的压力源，到我们用来应对挑战的情绪调节策略，到我们可以利用的社会心理资源，到细胞环境，从而到压力源的生物和功能后果的严重程度。这篇评论综述了有关老龄化的社会情感和生物维度的理论观点和部分经验文献，以推广老龄化、压力和健康的综合模型。通过这种整合，该模型说明了跨学科的发展视角如何丰富我们对压力对整个成年期健康影响的理解。它还试图引导新一代的研究问题，以多维的方法来面对老龄化问题。文章最后对作者的导师 Janice Kiecolt-Glaser 博士的奠基性遗产进行了个人反思。

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引用次数: 0

Oxytocin in growth, reproduction, restoration and health 催产素在生长、繁殖、恢复和健康中的作用

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100268

Kerstin Uvnäs Moberg

<div><div>This article summarizes my scientific work and describes some personal experiences during this period. After my basal medical training (MD) (1971), I obtained a PhD in pharmacology (1976) and ended up as a professor of Physiology.</div><div>My initial studies were within the field of gastroenterology. I showed that the gastrointestinal hormone gastrin, which stimulates HCL secretion in the stomach, was released in response to stimulation of the vagal nerve. Later I showed that the entire endocrine system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that promotes digestion and anabolic metabolism and growth was under vagal nerve control. I also showed that activation of the vagal nerve inhibits the function of the inhibitory substance somatostatin.</div><div>10 years later, after some big changes in my personal life, my research focus changed. I became interested in female physiology, particularly the role of oxytocin. In addition, I became aware of the situation of female scientists and started to work with questions regarding equality between women and men.</div><div>I gathered a group of interested female medical students and midwives around me. We demonstrated that breastfeeding and touch (e.g., between mother and baby), via stimulation of sensory nerves in the skin, activated the endocrine system of the GI tract and, thereby, anabolic processes and growth. The effects were exerted via a vagal mechanism and involved activation of parvocellular oxytocinergic neurons from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We also showed that the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin stimulated the release of oxytocin in a calorie-dependent way via an afferent vagal mechanism.</div><div>In summary, there is a bidirectional, vagally mediated connection between the endocrine system of the GI tract and the oxytocin producing neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus.1. Oxytocinergic neurons from the PVN enhances the activity of the endocrine system of the GI tract and thereby growth and regeneration. The effect is exerted via efferent vagal fibers which inhibit the release of somatostatin. 2. Food in the duodenum triggers a release of cholecystokinin (CCK), which via a vagal afferent mechanism stimulates the release and function of oxytocin. This mechanism is not activated in the absence of food intake.</div><div>Administration of oxytocin induces a multitude of actions, i.e., anxiolytic and sedative effects, increased pain threshold, lowering of cortisol and blood pressure and an increased activity of the endocrine system of the GI tract. Repeated administration of oxytocin may induce long-term effects and “secondary” mechanisms such as an increased activity of alpha-2- adrenoceptors are involved.</div><div>Oxytocin released by suckling during breastfeeding or by touch during social interaction will induce a similar effect spectrum. Activation of the parvocellular neurons will stimulate some aspects of social behavior,

本文总结了我在此期间的科研工作，并介绍了一些个人经历。在接受基础医学培训（医学博士）（1971 年）后，我获得了药理学博士学位（1976 年），并最终成为生理学教授。我的最初研究是在胃肠病学领域，我发现胃肠激素胃泌素能刺激胃分泌 HCL，而胃泌素的释放是对迷走神经刺激的反应。后来我又发现，胃肠道的整个内分泌系统都受迷走神经控制，该系统促进消化、合成代谢和生长。10 年后，在我的个人生活发生了一些重大变化之后，我的研究重点也发生了变化。10 年后，在我的个人生活发生了一些重大变化之后，我的研究重点发生了变化。我开始对女性生理学感兴趣，尤其是催产素的作用。此外，我开始意识到女科学家的处境，并开始研究男女平等的问题。我们证明，母乳喂养和抚摸（如母亲和婴儿之间的抚摸）通过刺激皮肤的感觉神经，激活了消化道的内分泌系统，从而促进了新陈代谢过程和生长。这种效应是通过迷走神经机制产生的，涉及激活室旁核（PVN）的细胞旁催产素能神经元。总之，胃肠道内分泌系统与下丘脑视上核（SON）和室旁核（PVN）中产生催产素的神经元之间存在双向的、由迷走神经介导的联系。PVN 的催产素能神经元可增强消化道内分泌系统的活动，从而促进生长和再生。这种效应通过迷走神经传出纤维产生，迷走神经传出纤维可抑制体泌素的释放。2.2. 十二指肠中的食物引发胆囊收缩素（CCK）的释放，CCK 通过迷走神经传入机制刺激催产素的释放和功能。催产素具有多种作用，如抗焦虑和镇静作用、提高痛阈值、降低皮质醇和血压以及增强消化道内分泌系统的活性。重复施用催产素可能会诱发长期效应，其中涉及 "次级 "机制，如α-2-肾上腺素受体的活性增加。激活副细胞神经元会刺激某些方面的社会行为，使人平静和安宁，并降低恐惧、压力和疼痛的程度。此外，迷走神经功能和消化道内分泌系统的活动也会受到刺激。总之，这些效果与催产素介导的平静和联系反应是一致的，而且从长远角度来看，还能促进幸福和健康。我来到瑞典农业大学，开始研究催产素在人类与宠物互动中的作用，因为这种互动方式被证明可以促进健康。我继续研究催产素在女性生殖过程中的作用，特别是催产素在分娩和产期以及围产期的作用。此外，我还开始撰写有关催产素不同方面的书籍。我还希望确定催产素在治疗阴道萎缩中的作用。多项临床研究表明，阴道萎缩妇女局部阴道内注射催产素可促进阴道粘膜细胞再生，增强阴道粘膜功能。

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引用次数: 0

Writing tips for psychoneuroimmunology trainees: Lessons learned from Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser 心理神经免疫学学员的写作技巧：从 Kiecolt-Glaser 博士那里学到的经验

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100258

Heather Derry-Vick

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) researchers can advance their careers and increase their scientific impact by prioritizing their writing skills. In addition to Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser's landmark research that inspired this special issue, her legacy is reflected in her prolific writing. Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser has the unique ability to convey her innovative research clearly and to diverse audiences. She also made writing mentorship a critical part of the training experience in her lab. In these ways, Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser's writing skills and mentorship have shaped both the PNI field and her trainees' careers. In this paper, I distill lessons learned about writing from Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser during my time as a graduate student in her Stress and Health Lab in the 2010s. I reflect on Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser's influence on her trainees' writing habits, summarize “writing pearls” inspired by her feedback/revisions, and provide observations on her writing mentorship habits. These tips are intended to help PNI trainees to clearly communicate their work and to help mentors reflect on ways they can prioritize and advance their trainees' writing skills. Finally, I reflect on how Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser's mentorship and scientific accomplishments had a tremendous impact on my own career development.

心理神经免疫学 (PNI) 研究人员可以通过优先提高写作技巧来促进自己的职业发展并扩大科学影响。除了 Kiecolt-Glaser 博士具有里程碑意义的研究为本特刊提供了灵感之外，她的遗产还体现在她多产的写作上。Kiecolt-Glaser 博士具有向不同受众清晰传达其创新研究成果的独特能力。她还将写作指导作为实验室培训经验的重要组成部分。通过这些方式，Kiecolt-Glaser 博士的写作技巧和指导作用塑造了 PNI 领域和她的学员的职业生涯。在本文中，我总结了 2010 年代我在 Kiecolt-Glaser 博士的压力与健康实验室担任研究生期间从她那里学到的写作经验。我反思了 Kiecolt-Glaser 博士对其学员写作习惯的影响，总结了从她的反馈/修改中获得的 "写作珍珠"，并对她的写作指导习惯进行了观察。这些建议旨在帮助 PNI 学员清晰地交流他们的工作，并帮助导师反思如何优先提高学员的写作技能。最后，我想谈谈 Kiecolt-Glaser 博士的指导和科学成就是如何对我自己的职业发展产生巨大影响的。

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引用次数: 0

Oxytocin pathway gene variation and corticostriatal resting-state functional connectivity 催产素通路基因变异与皮层静息态功能连通性

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100255

Shanshan Xiao , Håkan Fischer , Natalie C. Ebner , Gull Rukh , Junhua Dang , Lars Westberg , Helgi B. Schiöth

Genetic variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within oxytocin pathway genes have been linked to social behavior and neurodevelopmental conditions. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the relationship between variations of 10 SNPs in oxytocin pathway genes and resting-state functional connectivity among 55 independent components using a large sample from the UK Biobank (N ≈ 30,000). Our findings revealed that individuals with the GG genotype at rs4813627 within the oxytocin structural gene (OXT) exhibited weaker resting-state functional connectivity in the corticostriatal circuit compared to those with the GA/AA genotypes. Empirical evidence has linked the GG genotype at OXT rs4813627 with a behavioral tendency of insensitivity to others. These results inform the neural mechanisms by which oxytocin-related genetic factors can influence social behavior.

催产素通路基因中单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）的遗传变异与社会行为和神经发育状况有关。然而，这些关联背后的神经生物学机制仍然难以捉摸。在这项研究中，我们利用英国生物库（UK Biobank）的大样本（N ≈ 30,000）调查了催产素通路基因中 10 个 SNPs 的变异与 55 个独立成分的静息态功能连接之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，催产素结构基因（OXT）rs4813627的GG基因型个体与GA/AA基因型个体相比，在皮层神经回路中表现出较弱的静息状态功能连通性。经验证据表明，OXT rs4813627 的 GG 基因型与对他人不敏感的行为倾向有关。这些结果为催产素相关遗传因素影响社会行为的神经机制提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0