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Is digital innovation killing empathy in health care? The realities of patient care in a tech-driven world 数字创新正在扼杀医疗保健领域的同理心吗?在科技驱动的世界里,病人护理的现实
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_72_23
GopalSingh Charan, Amanpreet Kaur, Kiranpreet Kaur
The health care industry has experienced a digital transformation that has enhanced efficiency, accuracy and access to information. As digital innovation continues to revolutionise health care, there is growing concern about its impact on empathy–the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. The rise of telemedicine, electronic health records (EHRs) and other digital tools has changed the way health care providers interact with patients, leading some to worry that technology is eroding the human touch that has long been a hallmark of good medical care. THE RISE OF DIGITAL INNOVATION IN HEALTH CARE Digital innovation has reshaped health care, impacting diagnosis, treatment and patient communication. Telemedicine enables remote consultations, decreasing the need for in-person visits and allowing care delivery to remote or underserved areas.[1] EHRs have also transformed health care by allowing health care providers to store and access patient data electronically. EHRs make it easier for providers to track patients’ medical history, test results and other critical information, which can improve the quality of care.[2] Digital tools such as mobile health apps and wearables enable real-time patient–provider communication and health tracking. These tools aid in chronic condition management and supply valuable data for informed medical decisions. THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL INNOVATION ON EMPATHY IN HEALTH CARE While digital innovation has many benefits, some worry that it is eroding empathy in health care. Empathy is essential to good medical care because it helps providers understand patients’ emotions, concerns and needs, which can inform treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. A concern with the growth of telemedicine and digital tools is the reduction in face-to-face interactions between patients and providers. The lack of in-person visits may limit opportunities to observe non-verbal cues and build rapport, potentially hindering empathy and personalised care. Another concern is that the use of EHRs may be reducing the amount of time providers spend engaging with patients. Providers may spend more time documenting patient information and less time interacting with patients, which can make it harder to build relationships and establish trust.[3] STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE Patients seek empathy and understanding from health care providers as the absence of it could cause negative emotions such as frustration, anxiety and distrust. However, a lack of empathy can lead to distrust. Patients want collaborative care that acknowledges their specific needs and preferences, which entails listening to their concerns. Hospital executive leadership must devise strategies to tackle technology-related challenges in patient care. Preventing empathy erosion requires prioritising and training health care providers in communication, active listening and empathy, which enhances patient outcomes and satisfaction.
医疗保健行业经历了数字化转型,提高了效率、准确性和信息获取能力。随着数字创新不断革新医疗保健,人们越来越担心它对同理心的影响,即理解和分享他人感受的能力。远程医疗、电子健康记录(EHRs)和其他数字工具的兴起改变了医疗保健提供者与患者互动的方式,导致一些人担心技术正在侵蚀长期以来作为良好医疗保健标志的人性化。数字创新重塑了医疗保健,影响了诊断、治疗和患者沟通。远程医疗实现了远程咨询,减少了亲自就诊的需求,并允许向偏远或服务不足的地区提供医疗服务。[1]通过允许医疗保健提供者以电子方式存储和访问患者数据,电子病历也改变了医疗保健。电子病历使提供者更容易跟踪患者的病史、检查结果和其他关键信息,这可以提高护理质量。[2]移动健康应用程序和可穿戴设备等数字工具可以实现患者与提供者的实时通信和健康跟踪。这些工具有助于慢性病管理,并为明智的医疗决策提供有价值的数据。虽然数字创新有很多好处,但一些人担心它正在侵蚀医疗保健领域的同理心。同理心对于良好的医疗服务至关重要,因为它可以帮助提供者了解患者的情绪、担忧和需求,从而为治疗决策提供信息并改善患者的结果。随着远程医疗和数字工具的发展,一个令人担忧的问题是患者和提供者之间面对面互动的减少。缺乏面对面的访问可能会限制观察非语言线索和建立融洽关系的机会,潜在地阻碍同情和个性化护理。另一个担忧是,电子病历的使用可能会减少医疗服务提供者与患者接触的时间。提供者可能会花更多的时间记录病人的信息,而花更少的时间与病人互动,这可能会使建立关系和建立信任变得更加困难。[3]患者寻求医疗服务提供者的同情和理解,因为缺乏同情和理解可能会导致沮丧、焦虑和不信任等负面情绪。然而,缺乏同理心会导致不信任。病人想要的合作护理,承认他们的特殊需求和偏好,这需要倾听他们的担忧。医院行政领导必须制定战略,以应对患者护理中与技术相关的挑战。防止移情侵蚀需要优先考虑并培训卫生保健提供者进行沟通、积极倾听和移情,从而提高患者的治疗效果和满意度。提供者应积极倾听、询问并澄清误解,以显示对患者健康目标的关心和承诺。结论数字创新显著提高了患者护理水平,但保持同理心至关重要。提供者应优先考虑积极倾听,并仔细整合技术,以确保移情、技术驱动的患者护理。财政支持及赞助无。利益冲突没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Pre-operative evaluation in geriatric patients – Demography does matter 老年患者术前评估-人口统计学确实很重要
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_101_22
H. Gupta
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引用次数: 1
Knowledge of health-care professionals on tobacco cessation and its related activities 保健专业人员对戒烟及其相关活动的了解
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_99_22
Neetu Kataria, Sandhya Gupta
Background: The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. There are more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, of which at least 300 are known to be harmful. A 2015 survey in Italy revealed that 58% of cardiologists correctly indicated smoking as an addiction and 45% regularly advised their patients to stop smoking. Aims: The aim is to assess the knowledge of health care professionals (HCPs) related to tobacco cessation and its related activities. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot survey on HCPs-30 doctors and 30 nurses was chosen by convenient sampling at a selected tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Tool: A semi-structured questionnaire contains items to assess knowledge of HCPs regarding tobacco cessation and its activities. Results: 96.3% of doctors and 76% of nurses were 'asked' their patients about their history of tobacco use, respectively. 86.7% of doctors and 70.1% of nurses 'advice' patients to stop tobacco use. 63.3% of doctors and 54.1% of nurses were interested in participating in tobacco cessation training. Conclusion: Most of the HCPs had given brief interventions by 5 'A's method. More tobacco cessation training would be suggested by health-care workers.
背景:烟草流行是世界有史以来面临的最大公共卫生威胁之一。烟草烟雾中有4000多种化学物质,其中至少有300种已知是有害的。意大利2015年的一项调查显示,58%的心脏病专家正确地指出吸烟成瘾,45%的人定期建议他们的病人戒烟。目的:目的是评估卫生保健专业人员(HCPs)有关戒烟及其相关活动的知识。材料和方法:对hcps进行描述性、横断面性试点调查,通过方便抽样的方法在新德里选定的一家三级保健医院选择30名医生和30名护士。工具:一份半结构化问卷包含评估卫生保健专业人员关于戒烟及其活动的知识的项目。结果:96.3%的医生和76%的护士分别被“询问”了他们的病人的烟草使用史。86.7%的医生和70.1%的护士建议患者戒烟。63.3%的医生和54.1%的护士有兴趣参加戒烟培训。结论:多数HCPs采用5′A′s方法进行了简短干预。卫生保健工作者将建议提供更多的戒烟培训。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting efavirenz in the era of dolutegravir: Low-dose efavirenz, a viable alternative capable of holding its own against dolutegravir-based regimens 在多替替韦时代重新审视依非韦伦:低剂量依非韦伦是一种可行的替代方案,能够与多替替韦相抗衡
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_98_23
Anirudh Anilkumar, Sumit Arora, KuldeepK Ashta, Nishant Raman
Background: First-line dual NRTI + NNRTI-based ART has shown good virological effectiveness; however, toxicity is common and is often the most common reason for modification of first-line ART. Aims: The purpose of this study is to revisit low-dose efavirenz (EFV) in the era of dolutegravir (DTG) by investigating anti-retroviral therapy (ART) switch strategies for outcomes of virological effectiveness and safety in virologically suppressed Indian persons living with HIV (PLH) on first-line dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) + non-NRTI (NNRTI)-based ART. Methods: A phase-IV comparative study of consecutive cases who switched their first-line NNRTI-based ART to either EFV-400 or DTG with a dual NRTI backbone between October 2020 to December 2021 and underwent at least 48 weeks of follow-up. The study is a non-randomised trial, wherein ART regimens were based on physician choice, patient preference and drug availability. Results: A total of 102 [DTG arm: 52; EFV-400 arm: 50; intention-to-treat (ITT) population] participants met the inclusion criteria. At 48-week follow-up, virological failure was not observed in either arm. Virological suppression to < 200 cp/mL was attained in 97.9% (n = 48/49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.1–99.9) and 95.9% (n = 47/49; 95% CI: 86.02–99.5) of patients, respectively, in the DTG and-EFV-400 arm (ITT-populations). There was no significant difference in mean change from baseline in body weight and body mass index between DTG and-EFV-400 arms. The proportion of patients who gained ≥ 10% of their baseline body weight at 24 weeks of exposure to DTG was 16% (n = 8, 95% CI: 5.8 to 26.2) and that to EFV-400 was 10% (n = 5, 95% CI: 1.7 to 18.3) with a difference in proportions: 6.0% (95% CI: −7.1–19.1)]. There was a significant decrease at 24 weeks in mean fasting levels of lipid fractions in the DTG arm as compared to EFV-400 [total cholesterol: − 24.3 mg/dL, 95% CI: −35.2 to − 13.3 vs. −6.9 mg/dL, 95% CI: −17.9–4.1 (P = 0.029) and triglycerides:−35.9 mg/dL, 95% CI: −60.9 to − 10.9 vs. 8.6 mg/dL, 95% CI: −16.6 to 33.8 (P = 0.014)]. Adverse events (AEs) of any grade including laboratory derangements to DTG were experienced by 6% (n = 3, 95% CI: −0.6 to 12.6) and that to EFV-400 by 8% (n = 4, 95% CI: 0.5 to 15.5) with a difference in proportions: 2.0% (95% CI: −7.9 to 11.9). Grades 3–4-AE occurred in two patients, both in the EFV-400 arm. Central nervous system AEs were not observed in the DTG arm and occurred in two patients in the EFV-400 arm. Two patients in the EFV-400 arm discontinued the regimen due to AEs. Conclusion: Both DTG and EFV-400-based first-line ART show good virological effectiveness and safety profiles in patients who are virologically suppressed on dual NRTI + NNRTI-based first-line ART.
背景:一线双NRTI +基于nnrti的ART已显示出良好的病毒学效果;然而,毒性是常见的,并且往往是修改一线抗逆转录病毒治疗的最常见原因。目的:本研究的目的是通过研究抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)转换策略,对病毒学抑制的印度HIV感染者(PLH)使用一线双核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(NRTI) +非NRTI (NNRTI)为基础的ART治疗的病毒学有效性和安全性的结果,重新审视dolutegravir (DTG)时代的低剂量依非韦伦(EFV)。方法:在2020年10月至2021年12月期间,将一线基于nnrti的ART转换为EFV-400或双NRTI骨干DTG的连续病例进行iv期比较研究,并进行至少48周的随访。这项研究是一项非随机试验,其中抗逆转录病毒治疗方案是基于医生的选择、患者的偏好和药物的可获得性。结果:共102例[DTG组:52例;EFV-400臂:50;意向治疗(ITT)人群]名受试者符合纳入标准。在48周的随访中,两组均未观察到病毒学失败。97.9%的患者病毒学抑制< 200 cp/mL (n = 48/49;95%置信区间[CI]: 89.1-99.9)和95.9% (n = 47/49;95% CI: 86.02-99.5),分别为DTG组和efv -400组(itt -人群)患者。DTG组和efv -400组的体重和体重指数相对基线的平均变化无显著差异。暴露于DTG 24周时体重增加≥10%的患者比例为16% (n = 8, 95% CI: 5.8 ~ 26.2), EFV-400为10% (n = 5, 95% CI: 1.7 ~ 18.3),比例差异为6.0% (95% CI:−7.1 ~ 19.1)。与EFV-400相比,在24周时,DTG组的平均空腹脂质含量显著降低[总胆固醇:- 24.3 mg/dL, 95% CI: - 35.2至- 13.3 vs. - 6.9 mg/dL, 95% CI: - 17.9至4.1 (P = 0.029),甘油三酯:- 35.9 mg/dL, 95% CI: - 60.9至- 10.9 vs. 8.6 mg/dL, 95% CI: - 16.6至33.8 (P = 0.014)]。包括实验室紊乱在内的任何级别的不良事件(ae)对DTG的发生率为6% (n = 3, 95% CI: - 0.6至12.6),对EFV-400的发生率为8% (n = 4, 95% CI: 0.5至15.5),比例差异为2.0% (95% CI: - 7.9至11.9)。3 -4级ae发生在2例患者中,均在EFV-400组。DTG组未观察到中枢神经系统ae, EFV-400组中有2例患者发生ae。EFV-400组中有2例患者因不良反应而停止治疗。结论:DTG和efv -400为基础的一线ART在双重NRTI + nnrti为基础的一线ART病毒学抑制患者中表现出良好的病毒学有效性和安全性。
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引用次数: 0
The risk of abuse and mental health status of elderly residing in urban communities of Delhi 居住在德里城市社区的老年人受虐待的风险和精神健康状况
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_114_22
Sumity Arora, Raminder Kalra
Background and Objectives: Elderly is a vital part of the population of any country who owe respect and attention equally to any other section of the population. The present study was aimed at assessing the risk of abuse amongst the elderly, mental health status of elderly and correlation of abuse with their mental health of the elderly residing in urban communities of Delhi. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive conducted on 270 elderly chosen by cluster sampling method residing in the urban community of South Delhi, India. Sociodemographic data, elder abuse and their mental health were assessed by sociodemographic tool, Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test and Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), respectively. Results: Online Social Science Statistics package was used for analysis of the study. In the present study, majority of the participants were male and were in the age of 61–70 years. Approximately 50% of elderly were uneducated and not working. The majority (63%) of the elderly reported a mild risk of abuse. The majority of the participants reported altered mental health, i.e., SRQ >7. In the study findings, elder abuse and mental health were significantly associated (at P < 0.05) with each other. Conclusion: The study showed that elder abuse and mental well-being of elderly are related to each other and it requires appropriate involvement of concerned authority to protect elderly living in the community of Delhi, India.
背景和目标:老年人是任何国家人口的重要组成部分,对人口的任何其他部分都应给予同等的尊重和关注。本研究旨在评估居住在德里城市社区的老年人遭受虐待的风险、老年人的心理健康状况以及虐待与老年人心理健康的相关性。材料与方法:本研究采用横断面和描述性的方法,采用整群抽样的方法对居住在印度南德里城市社区的270名老年人进行了研究。采用社会人口统计学工具Hwalek-Sengstock虐待老人筛查测验和SRQ-20自我报告问卷,分别评估老年人的社会人口统计数据、虐待老人行为和心理健康状况。结果:使用在线社会科学统计软件包对研究进行分析。在本研究中,大多数参与者为男性,年龄在61-70岁之间。大约50%的老年人没有受过教育,也没有工作。大多数老年人(63%)报告有轻微的虐待风险。大多数参与者报告了心理健康的改变,即SRQ >7。研究发现,老年人虐待与心理健康之间存在显著相关(P < 0.05)。结论:研究表明,虐待老人与老年人的心理健康是相互关联的,需要有关当局的适当参与来保护生活在印度德里社区的老年人。
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引用次数: 0
Intraperitoneal onlay mesh versus laparoscopy-assisted ventral hernia patch mesh repair in small primary ventral hernias: A randomised control trial 腹膜内补片与腹腔镜辅助腹疝补片修补小原发性腹疝:随机对照试验
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_138_22
Harish Kanuri, A. Dey, T. Mittal, S. Tripathi:, V. Malik
Aims: The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate short-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted composite patch mesh repair versus laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh in small primary midline ventral hernias. Materials and Methods: Eighty consecutive patients with small (<2 cm) midline ventral hernia admitted to the Department of General and Laparoscopic surgery at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, from January 2017 to May 2019 were included in the study and randomised into two groups. Group A included patients who underwent laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair with the classical barrier flat mesh and Group B patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted ventral hernia patch-mesh repair. Parameters assessed at the follow-up were early post-operative pain by Visual Analogue Scale score, wound complications, early recurrence and hospital stay. Results: Early post-operative pain was more in the laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh group and the difference was statistically significant. Usage of additional analgesia in the post-operative period was required only in the laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of hospital stay. Conclusion: For primary midline ventral hernia, with defect size <2 cm, laparoscopy-assisted composite patch mesh repair is feasible and safe. It causes less pain and necessitates less usage of additional analgesia enabling patients to be discharged earlier.
目的:本研究的目的是比较和评估腹腔镜辅助复合补片补片与腹腔镜腹腔内补片补片治疗原发性腹侧小中线疝的短期疗效。材料和方法:2017年1月至2019年5月,新德里Sir Ganga Ram医院普通和腹腔镜外科连续收治80例小(<2 cm)中线腹疝患者纳入研究,随机分为两组。A组采用经典屏障平补片进行腹腔镜腹腔内垫补片修补,B组采用腹腔镜辅助腹疝补片修补。随访时评估的参数为术后早期疼痛(视觉模拟评分)、伤口并发症、早期复发和住院时间。结果:腹腔镜腹腔内补片组术后早期疼痛较多,差异有统计学意义。术后仅腹腔镜腹腔内补片组需要使用额外的镇痛药。两组住院时间差异有统计学意义。结论:对于缺损尺寸<2 cm的原发性腹中线疝,腹腔镜辅助复合补片补片修补是可行且安全的。它引起的疼痛较少,并且需要较少使用额外的镇痛药,使患者能够更早出院。
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引用次数: 0
Stress, subjective well-being and its link to the academic performance amongst medical students of a tertiary care setting 压力、主观幸福感及其与三级医疗机构医学生学习成绩的关系
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_55_22
Panneerselvam Periasamy, Suganthi Vajiravelu, S. Gunasekaran
Background: Understanding medical students' mental health using subjective well-being indicators is important because it will allow for the creation of positive psychology-based intervention techniques as well as the implementation of main and secondary psychiatric disorder prevention procedures for medical students. These indicators may help to improve the overall quality of health care provided by these future professionals to the general public. Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of stress and subjective well being as well as factors related to it and their link to the academic performance amongst medical students of a tertiary care setting. Materials and Methods: This is a 3-month cross-sectional survey that took place amongst medical students at a tertiary care medical college in Salem, India, between January and March 2022. Students from all academic years, from first year to internship, were included in this study. The study included all students who were willing to participate and gave their informed consent. Results: Of the total 492 respondents, 288 (58.5%) were females and 204 (41.5%) were males. 29.7% of the study participants belonged to the first year of the MBBS course. 43.9% of the study participants possess a very good academic performance and majority (86.6%) of the students have regular attendance towards classes. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings of studies like these could inform preventive interventions aimed at reducing medical students' distress and promoting future doctors' well-being.
背景:利用主观幸福感指标了解医学生的心理健康状况是很重要的,因为它将允许创建基于积极心理学的干预技术,以及实施医学生的主要和次要精神障碍预防程序。这些指标可能有助于提高这些未来专业人员向公众提供的保健服务的总体质量。目的:本研究的目的是评估压力和主观幸福感的水平,以及与之相关的因素,以及它们与三级医疗机构医学生学业成绩的联系。材料和方法:这是一项为期3个月的横断面调查,于2022年1月至3月在印度塞勒姆的一所三级保健医学院的医学生中进行。所有学年的学生,从一年级到实习,都被纳入本研究。该研究包括所有愿意参与并给予知情同意的学生。结果:492名被调查者中,女性288人(58.5%),男性204人(41.5%)。29.7%的研究参与者属于MBBS课程的第一年。43.9%的研究参与者拥有非常好的学习成绩,大多数(86.6%)的学生定期上课。结论:综合起来,这些研究的发现可以为预防干预提供信息,旨在减少医学生的痛苦,促进未来医生的福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Telemedicine: Zero Contagion risk and enabler of healthcare fire sales 远程医疗:零传染风险和促成医疗保健减价销售
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_57_22
Neha Ghildiyal, M. Bangari
India has made remarkable progress in ease of doing business, competitiveness and technological innovation in the past few years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine entered the healthcare sector as a boon. Telehealth witnessed accelerated adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding its niche amongst the emerging digitally enabled India. Medical centres are responding to the needy through the use of digital tools and technology, such as telemedicine and virtual care, along with various other virtual means. This research paper discusses the application of the Internet and other related technologies in the health sector for improving access to and efficiency, efficacy and quality of clinical and corporate processes used by healthcare organisations, physicians, patients and consumers to improve the health status of patients. The use of telemedicine during the pandemic has experienced rapid growth. This study essentially focuses on the importance of telemedicine during such trying times. The literature review was performed to study the importance, advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine in India during the pandemic. In addition, research articles, and databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE, were searched to study the changes that are rapidly entering the healthcare sector and the efficacy of the concept of telemedicine for patients.
过去几年,印度在营商便利、竞争力和技术创新方面取得了显著进步。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,远程医疗作为一种福利进入了医疗保健行业。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,远程医疗得到了加速采用,在新兴的数字化印度找到了自己的定位。医疗中心通过使用数字工具和技术,如远程医疗和虚拟护理,以及各种其他虚拟手段,对有需要的人作出反应。本研究论文讨论了互联网和其他相关技术在卫生部门的应用,以改善卫生保健组织、医生、患者和消费者使用的临床和公司流程的访问和效率、功效和质量,以改善患者的健康状况。大流行期间远程医疗的使用迅速增长。这项研究主要关注远程医疗在这种艰难时期的重要性。文献综述是为了研究大流行期间远程医疗在印度的重要性、优势和劣势。此外,研究文章和数据库(包括Google Scholar、PubMed和Ovid MEDLINE)被搜索,以研究正在迅速进入医疗保健部门的变化以及远程医疗概念对患者的功效。
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引用次数: 0
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of ampulla of Vater in a young female with negative lymph nodes: A case report and review of literature 年轻女性壶腹浸润性微乳头状癌伴淋巴结阴性1例报告及文献复习
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_106_22
KhadigaMohamed Ali, ManalM S. Elghareeb, GehadAhmad Saleh, AmalA F. Halim
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is an extremely rare and aggressive subtype of adenocarcinoma that was first described in breast cancer. It is characterised by an inside-out growth pattern with frequent lymphatic spread. Only few cases are described in the rare ampullo-pancreatobiliary location. In this case report, the diagnosis was unexpected given the patient’s age and gender, as well as the negative nodal status. Despite the reported aggressive behaviour of this tumour, no optimal treatment strategy for IMPC in the ampulla of Vater has been established. In addition, this variant is not included in the recent WHO of the digestive system.
侵袭性微乳头状癌(IMPC)是一种极其罕见和侵袭性的腺癌亚型,首次在乳腺癌中被描述。它的特点是由内而外的生长模式,伴有频繁的淋巴扩散。只有少数病例描述了罕见的壶腹胰胆位置。在这个病例报告中,考虑到患者的年龄和性别,以及阴性淋巴结状态,诊断是出乎意料的。尽管报道了该肿瘤的侵袭性行为,但对于壶腹的IMPC尚未建立最佳治疗策略。此外,这一变种未被列入最近的世卫组织消化系统。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging and newer diseases in India: A perspective 印度的新发疾病和新发疾病:一个视角
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_3_23
A. Kakar, K. Sam, S. Kakar
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引用次数: 0
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