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Coronavirus fear assessment using the modified COVID-19 fear scale among Indian dentists practicing in the Delhi NCR region 使用改进的COVID-19恐惧量表对在德里NCR地区执业的印度牙医进行冠状病毒恐惧评估
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_40_22
Harsimran Kaur, Nikita Karabale, Pankaj Dhawan, Era Kakar, Ashish Kakar
Background: Recently, numerous surveys have been conducted amongst different communities to assess the fear of coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19), using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19) scale. Currently, there is a spot within the literature published regarding fear of COVID-19 amongst dentists, and hence, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey to assess the fear of COVID-19 amongst dentists practicing in India. Aim: Assessment of coronavirus fear amongst Indian dentists practicing in the Delhi NCR region using the modified FCV-19. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was formulated using FCV-19S, which gathered the demographic data and fear in relation to COVID-19. Except for the seven-item FCV-19S, three questions were formulated for dentists particularly. The responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale, starting from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Dentists residing in the Delhi NCR region and above 18 years old were included in the study. Results: A total of 202 responses were obtained, which were considered for the survey analysis. The results obtained after the compilation of the information were subjected to one-way analysis of variance test, and post-hoc Tukey Bonferroni tests were used for multiple comparisons. The study population comprised 65.8% of females and 34.2% of males, with approximately 68.3% belonging to the 18–30 years age group. The t-test for total fear and gender shows total fear score was 18.85 with standard deviation = 6.23. Conclusion: The study suggests that the population associated with healthcare showed lower levels of fear and anxiety than the general population. The fear of COVID-19 has reduced over a period of time due to the awareness of the disease and vaccination. Media plays a significant role in the psychological aspect of the person, irrespective of the profession, which leads to certain disturbances like lack of sleep. More than 50% of dentists agree that the use of precautionary protocols in our dental practice can reduce the risk of getting infected.
背景:最近,在不同社区进行了大量调查,以评估对2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的恐惧,使用了COVID-19恐惧量表(FCV-19)。目前,在已发表的文献中有一个关于牙医对COVID-19的恐惧的地方,因此,我们进行了一项基于问卷的调查,以评估在印度执业的牙医对COVID-19的恐惧。目的:使用改良的FCV-19评估在德里NCR地区执业的印度牙医对冠状病毒的恐惧。材料与方法:采用FCV-19S编制调查问卷,收集与COVID-19相关的人口统计数据和恐惧情况。除了FCV-19S的7个问题外,还特别为牙医制定了3个问题。受访者的回答以李克特五分制进行记录,从非常不同意到非常同意。居住在德里NCR地区且年龄在18岁以上的牙医被纳入研究。结果:共获得202份回复,用于调查分析。资料整理后的结果采用单因素方差分析检验,多重比较采用事后Tukey Bonferroni检验。研究人群中女性占65.8%,男性占34.2%,其中18-30岁年龄组约占68.3%。总恐惧与性别的t检验显示,总恐惧得分为18.85,标准差= 6.23。结论:研究表明,与医疗保健相关的人群比一般人群表现出更低的恐惧和焦虑水平。由于对这种疾病的认识和疫苗接种,对COVID-19的恐惧在一段时间内有所减少。无论从事什么职业,媒体在人的心理方面都起着重要的作用,这会导致某些干扰,如睡眠不足。超过50%的牙医同意,在我们的牙科实践中使用预防方案可以降低感染的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Preoperative evaluation in geriatric patients – Response 老年患者的术前评估-反应
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_71_23
B. Sharma
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引用次数: 0
Evolving epidemiology and chemical analysis of urinary stones: A retrospective analysis 泌尿系结石的流行病学与化学分析:回顾性分析
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_91_22
P. Singla, A. Manocha, S. Bhargava, M. Kankra, Anisha K. Sharma
Background: Renal stones are a painful urological disorder resulting from the combined influence of epidemiological, biochemical and genetic risk factors. A high recurrence risk has been reported for renal stones, and 0.6%–3.2% cases may progress to end stage renal disease. Modern lifestyle, sedentary habits and unhealthy dietary practices are primary promoters of the stone boom in this millennium. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the percentage of the stone type according to chemical composition and their association with epidemiological factors like sex and age. A retrospective analysis of the chemical composition of the stone samples received was done. Material and Methods: Stones samples were processed by Stone Analysis Set (BIOLABO S A, France). Qualitative chemical analysis was done for calcium, phosphorus, ammonium ion, oxalate, cystine, magnesium, carbonate and uric acid. Results: Type of renal stone and its incidence with age and sex have been evaluated. The total number of patients reporting to the hospital with renal stones was 123. Of these, 69.11% were male and 30.89% were female, with a male to female ratio of 2.23:1. The maximum occurrence was in the third and fourth decade of life. On analysis, 72.35% of total stones comprised calcium oxalate and 23.57% of nonoxalate (phosphate, magnesium, carbonate, ammonium ion) stones, whereas uric acid was positive in 4.06%. Conclusion: The occurrence of renal stones according to epidemiological factors such as age and sex in our study are similar to those reported in studies from developed countries. The data on urinary stones indicate that 98% were located in the upper urinary tract. Oxalate stones represent the main form of urolithiasis, affecting males more than females. The most important cause studied for renal stone formation is metabolic disturbances, but the genetic factors associated with the occurrence and recurrence of stone and mineral homeostasis of ions in kidney of stone formers should be further evaluated.
背景:肾结石是流行病学、生物化学和遗传危险因素共同影响的一种疼痛性泌尿系统疾病。据报道,肾结石的复发风险很高,0.6%-3.2%的病例可能发展为终末期肾脏疾病。现代生活方式、久坐不动的习惯和不健康的饮食习惯是本世纪石材热潮的主要推动者。目的和目的:本研究的目的是根据化学成分及其与性别和年龄等流行病学因素的关系来评估结石类型的百分比。对收到的石头样品的化学成分进行了回顾性分析。材料和方法:石材样品采用法国BIOLABO公司的石材分析设备进行处理。对钙、磷、铵离子、草酸、胱氨酸、镁、碳酸盐和尿酸进行了定性化学分析。结果:对肾结石的类型及其与年龄、性别的关系进行了评价。报告到医院就诊的肾结石患者总数为123例。其中男性占69.11%,女性占30.89%,男女比例为2.23:1。发生最多的是在生命的第三和第四个十年。经分析,72.35%的结石由草酸钙和23.57%的非草酸盐(磷酸盐、镁、碳酸盐、铵离子)结石组成,而4.06%的尿酸呈阳性。结论:根据年龄、性别等流行病学因素,我国肾结石的发生情况与发达国家的研究报告相似。关于尿路结石的数据表明98%位于上尿路。草酸盐结石是尿石症的主要形式,男性多于女性。肾结石形成的最重要原因是代谢紊乱,但与肾结石发生和复发以及肾结石患者肾内离子矿物质稳态相关的遗传因素还有待进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Human papillomavirus vaccine: An update on recent developments and review of real world data on efficacy 人乳头瘤病毒疫苗:最新进展和对真实世界有效性数据的审查
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_28_23
S. Rajaram, Ipshita Sahoo, Ayush Heda, Lakhwinder Singh
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is a significant public health problem. Currently, there are three bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines targeting high-risk HPV types (16, 18), two quadrivalent vaccines targeting two high risk HPV types (16,18) and two low risk types (6,11) and one nonavalent vaccine against HPV 16,18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, 6 and 11. All are WHO approved vaccines and show excellent seropositivity (>95%) even at 5–10 years' post-vaccination irrespective of dosing schedule. These vaccines are relatively safe with minor local side effects. The WHO recommends two dosage vaccination schedule for girls aged 9–14 years with an off-label recommendation for a single-dose schedule. HPV vaccination has shown efficacy against the reduction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive cervical cancer, anogenital warts and vulvovaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in numerous population/registry-based cohort studies worldwide. Countries such as Australia and Sweden where vaccination began as early as 2006–2008 have seen a major reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer in the vaccinated cohorts. Model based projection studies have also indicated significant vaccine efficacy with two doses and single dose in catch-up programmes. In this article, we provide an update on the vaccine recommendations, immunogenicity and efficacy data derived from registry-based cohort studies and trials published mostly in the last 5 years.
子宫颈癌是世界上第四大最常见的妇女癌症,是一个重大的公共卫生问题。目前,有三种针对高危型HPV(16、18型)的二价人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗,两种针对两种高危型HPV(16、18型)和两种低危型HPV(6、11型)的四价疫苗,以及一种针对HPV 16、18、31、33、45、52、58、6、11型的非价疫苗。所有疫苗都是世卫组织批准的疫苗,即使在疫苗接种后5-10年,无论剂量计划如何,也显示出良好的血清阳性反应(>95%)。这些疫苗相对安全,局部副作用很小。世卫组织建议9-14岁女孩接种两剂疫苗,说明书外建议使用单剂疫苗。在世界范围内大量基于人口/登记的队列研究中,HPV疫苗接种已显示出对减少宫颈上皮内瘤变、侵袭性宫颈癌、肛门生殖器疣和外阴阴道上皮内瘤变的有效性。澳大利亚和瑞典等早在2006-2008年就开始接种疫苗的国家,在接种疫苗的人群中,宫颈癌发病率大幅下降。基于模型的预测研究也表明,在追赶规划中,两剂和单剂疫苗的效果显著。在这篇文章中,我们提供了最新的疫苗推荐、免疫原性和有效性数据,这些数据来自于最近5年发表的基于注册的队列研究和试验。
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引用次数: 0
The obituary, Dr. V. P. Kumra 讣告,v·p·库姆拉博士
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_68_23
B. Sharma
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引用次数: 0
Cervical cytology and HPV in cervical cancer screening: Current and future perspectives 宫颈细胞学和HPV在宫颈癌筛查中的应用:当前和未来的观点
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_29_23
P. Bakshi, P. Agarwal, Gunjan Mangla
Cervical cancer remains a health burden in our country and is the 2nd most common cancer in Indian women. Effective screening can reduce the incidence as well as the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Cervical cytology and the more recent human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test are the two main pillars of screening. Liquid based cytology has improved the cytological preparations and has shown certain advantages while advancements in molecular techniques for detection of high-risk HPV DNA/RNA has opened up new frontiers. These technological advancements have led to the changes in screening practices and paradigms and are evolving at a rapid pace. This article gives an overview of the screening modalities currently available, the technological advancements, recent updates of the screening guidelines and the future directions.
子宫颈癌仍然是我国的健康负担,是印度妇女第二大常见癌症。有效的筛查可以降低该病的发病率以及发病率和死亡率。宫颈细胞学检查和最近的人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV) DNA测试是筛查的两个主要支柱。液体细胞学改进了细胞学制备,显示出一定的优势,而分子技术的进步为检测高危HPV DNA/RNA开辟了新的领域。这些技术进步导致了筛查做法和范例的变化,并正在迅速发展。本文概述了目前可用的筛查方式、技术进步、筛查指南的最新更新和未来的发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Study of attitude and behaviour of healthcare professionals towards the patients in an Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间急诊科医护人员对患者态度和行为的研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_88_22
Nitesh Vaishnav, Bharat Kumar, A. Misra, M. Garg
Background: COVID-19 outbreak is known to have a psychological impact on patients. Background and Objective: The main aim of the study was a to study the attitude and behavior of health care professionals (HCPs) in the emergency department towards chronic patients during COVID-19 pandemic and also the accessibility of healthcare system during COVID-19 period and to compare it with the pre-COVID period. Materials and Methods: A random sampling technique was used, and a pre-designed questionnaire named the Brief Emergency Department Patients' Satisfaction Scale was adopted to record the patient's satisfaction with the healthcare services. Results: The patients admitted to the emergency ward felt that the nursing and physicians' care in the emergency department was highly satisfactory in the pre-COVID period. In the COVID period, the same set of patients who got admitted felt that there was a deterioration in the behaviour and attitude of the HCPs towards them. In the COVID period, 30% of the patients felt that there was a marked deterioration in the general services in the emergency department. It was also observed in the study, that there was a marked change in the attitude and behaviour of the HCPs in the emergency department at the time of the COVID pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 has significantly changed the attitude and behaviour of HCPs. The disease has critically transformed the working environment and the approach of HCPs to treat the patients. It is imperative to employ productive strategies to care for the health of our HCP.
背景:新冠肺炎疫情对患者的心理影响是众所周知的。背景与目的:本研究的主要目的是研究急诊科医护人员(HCPs)在COVID-19大流行期间对慢性患者的态度和行为以及COVID-19期间医疗保健系统的可及性,并将其与COVID-19前进行比较。材料与方法:采用随机抽样方法,采用预先设计的《急诊科患者满意度简易量表》问卷,记录患者对医疗服务的满意度。结果:入住急诊科的患者对新冠肺炎前期急诊科的护理和医生的护理感到非常满意。在新冠肺炎期间,同一组入院的患者感到医护人员对他们的行为和态度有所恶化。在新冠肺炎期间,30%的患者认为急诊科的一般服务明显恶化。该研究还观察到,在COVID大流行期间,急诊科医护人员的态度和行为发生了显著变化。结论:新冠肺炎显著改变了医护人员的态度和行为。这种疾病严重改变了医务人员的工作环境和治疗病人的方法。必须采用富有成效的策略来照顾我们HCP的健康。
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引用次数: 0
The cancer genome atlas - TCGA molecular classification: A changing paradigm in the management of endometrial cancers 癌症基因组图谱- TCGA分子分类:子宫内膜癌管理的一个不断变化的范式
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_125_22
Rahul A. Modi
Conventionally, endometrial cancers have been risk-stratified as per the clinco-pathological factors. The Cancer Genome Atlas project identified four distinct molecular subtypes within endometrial cancers which further lead to the clinical validation of molecular classification by various research groups. The molecular classification has influenced the risk stratification, thereby impacting adjuvant treatment decisions and prognostication. Molecular classification has paved the precision oncology in gynaecological cancers further strengthening the ongoing advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy. This review elaborately presents the development of a new molecular classification of endometrial cancers; its evidence-based clinical utility with a brief overview of future perspectives.
传统上,子宫内膜癌是根据临床病理因素进行风险分层的。癌症基因组图谱项目在子宫内膜癌中确定了四种不同的分子亚型,这进一步导致了不同研究小组对分子分类的临床验证。分子分类影响风险分层,从而影响辅助治疗决策和预后。分子分类为妇科肿瘤的精确肿瘤学奠定了基础,进一步加强了靶向治疗和免疫治疗的进展。这篇综述详细介绍了一种新的子宫内膜癌分子分类的发展;它的循证临床应用与未来前景的简要概述。
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引用次数: 0
Human papillomavirus self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: Review on the acceptance, accuracy, feasibility and incorporation in the National Screening Programme of India 人乳头瘤病毒自取样用于宫颈癌筛查:对印度国家筛查方案的接受、准确性、可行性和纳入情况的审查
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_12_23
Amey Oak, K. Sivaranjini, Ruchi Pathak, R. Dikshit
Screening along with treatment is the foremost tool for cervical cancer elimination in addition to vaccination strategies. At present, India lacks a comprehensive screening programme. There are huge issues in terms of feasibility, acceptability and implementation of the existing cervical screening programme in the country. Less than 2% (Urban-2.2% and Rural-1.7%) of women in India have been screened. The current strategy recommended by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) every 5 years for women aged between 30 and 65 years. A significant improvement in terms of decreasing incidence and mortality of cervical cancer has been seen in two randomized controlled trials conducted in India. However, VIA lacks sensitivity, requires extensive training to be given to the medical staff for accurate diagnosis, has substantial operator variability and has less acceptability among women when compared to the newer methods of cervical cancer screening such as human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling. HPV self-sampling is a more sensitive, accurate and more acceptable method of cervical cancer screening for women in India and abroad. It can help the existing VIA-based strategy of cervical screening by increasing participation resulting in more population being screened in the various geographical regions and populations in India. However, VIA-based screening should also be continued because of its affordability and cost-effectiveness in India where there is a significant population belonging to low socio-economic background. There are numerous evidences such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials of India and abroad that have been used as sources in this review article to come to the conclusion that HPV self-sampling is an acceptable, accurate and sensitive method that can be used as a primary screening tool in cervical cancer screening programmes globally and in India. It can also be used as an effective triage test for prioritising high-risk populations who require urgent and effective treatment for cervical pre-cancer and cancer. To conclude, HPV self-sampling should be integrated and implemented by the government and private sector in addition to VIA-based screening strategies for achieving the goal of cervical cancer elimination in India.
除了疫苗接种策略外,筛查和治疗是消除宫颈癌的最重要工具。目前,印度缺乏一个全面的筛查计划。在该国现有子宫颈检查方案的可行性、可接受性和执行方面存在巨大问题。在印度,只有不到2%的妇女(城市-2.2%和农村-1.7%)接受过筛查。卫生和家庭福利部目前建议的战略是,对30至65岁的妇女每5年进行一次醋酸目视检查。在印度进行的两项随机对照试验显示,在降低宫颈癌发病率和死亡率方面取得了显著进展。然而,VIA缺乏敏感性,需要对医务人员进行广泛的培训才能进行准确的诊断,与人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)自我抽样等较新的宫颈癌筛查方法相比,操作人员存在很大的可变性,妇女的接受度较低。对于印度和国外的妇女来说,HPV自采样是一种更敏感、更准确、更容易接受的宫颈癌筛查方法。它可以通过增加参与,从而使印度各地理区域和人口中更多的人口接受检查,从而帮助现有的基于via的子宫颈检查战略。然而,基于via的筛查也应继续进行,因为它在印度具有可负担性和成本效益,因为印度有大量人口属于低社会经济背景。有许多证据,如印度和国外的系统评价、荟萃分析、随机对照试验,已被用作本综述文章的来源,得出结论,HPV自采样是一种可接受的、准确的和敏感的方法,可作为全球和印度宫颈癌筛查规划的初级筛查工具。它也可以作为一种有效的分诊测试,优先考虑需要紧急和有效治疗宫颈癌前期和癌症的高危人群。总之,除了基于via的筛查策略外,政府和私营部门还应整合并实施HPV自我抽样,以实现印度消除宫颈癌的目标。
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引用次数: 1
Gearing up for implementation of self-sampled HPV-DNA screening test for cervical cancer in India 为在印度推行自取样的人乳头瘤病毒- dna筛检宫颈癌作好准备
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_75_23
L. Kant
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引用次数: 0
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Current medicine research and practice
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