Advanced Therapeutics最新文献

Optoporation enables high-precision delivery of biomolecules for treating diseases through cell therapy, gene editing, and personalized therapeutics. Nanoparticle-based optoporation offers high transfection efficiency by minimizing cell damage, thus enhancing the overall cellular health. This study demonstrates the versatility of using Titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs)-mediated optoporation for the delivery of small to large cargos, achieving high transfection efficiency alongside cell viability. TiN NPs adsorbed on the cell membrane, when irradiated with a laser fluence of 12.8 mJ/cm² at an 850 nm wavelength, generate plasmonic bubbles, facilitating the delivery of cargo into the cells. By using this platform, wide range of cargos/biomolecules such as propidium iodide (PI) dye (668.4 Da), dextran (3 kDa), small interfering RNA (siRNA) (13.3 kDa), enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression plasmid DNA (229.4 kDa), and β- galactosidase enzyme (465 kDa) are delivered into diverse mammalian cell lines (L929, MG-63, and N2a) with high transfection efficiency and cell viability. The functionality of the transfected β-galactosidase enzyme is assessed by measuring its enzymatic activity, verifying the effectiveness of the transfection process. For small PI molecules, MG-63 cells demonstrated a delivery efficiency of 98% with a cell viability of 99%. In contrast, for oversized cargo (enzyme, 465 kDa), the transfection efficiency and cell viability achieved were 97% and 99%, respectively. Furthermore, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are transfected with the EGFP plasmid and β-galactosidase enzyme, demonstrating a transfection efficiency of 98% and cell viability of 99%. To study the cytotoxicity of TiN NPs, an MTT assay, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and behavioral assessment of the in vivo zebrafish model are conducted. The plots suggest that TiN NPs do not pose neurotoxic effects. Thus, this platform has demonstrated inherent potential for cell reprogramming and applications in medicine, molecular biology, and cellular biology.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition characterized by oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-β (Aβ) buildup, and synaptic dysfunction. Developing effective treatments for AD is hampered by the extremely selective blood–brain barrier (BBB), which prevents most therapeutic medicines from entering the central nervous system. The BBB uses carefully controlled transport mechanisms to preserve cerebral homeostasis. It is composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions and supported by astrocytes and pericytes. BBB rupture, on the other hand, causes increasing neuronal damage, elevated neuroinflammation, and decreased Aβ clearance in AD. Zinc-based nanocomposites have gained attention recently as possible carriers for resolving issues related to the BBB. Enzymatic activity, antioxidant defence, and synaptic signalling are all significantly impacted by zinc, an essential trace mineral. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Zn–EGCG complexes, and Zn-doped polymeric systems are examples of engineered zinc nanostructures that exhibit innate neuroprotective properties, efficient drug delivery, and BBB penetration. In experimental models of AD, these multipurpose nanocarriers promote neuronal survival, inhibit Aβ aggregation, restore zinc homeostasis, and control oxidative stress. The BBB's construction and function, pathogenic changes in AD, and new approaches based on nanoparticles for targeted brain delivery are the main topics of this review. Zinc-based nanocomposites are highlighted as dual-purpose therapeutic and delivery systems, highlighting their potential as next-generation therapies for Alzheimer's disease and associated neurodegenerative diseases.

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach to overcoming key limitations of stemcell-based therapies, including poor cell survival, uncontrolled differentiation, low engraftment efficiency, and immune rejection. Although nanomaterial-assisted stemcell strategies have been widely reported, a coherent framework linking material design, biological mechanisms, and clinical translation remains insufficient. This review provides a mechanism-driven and translationally oriented synthesis of recent advances in nanotechnology-enhanced stemcell therapy across five critical dimensions. First, we examine how nanomaterials with tunable physicochemical and mechanical properties actively regulate stemcell fate decisions. Second, we analyze nanomaterial-based targeted delivery systems that improve localization, retention, and functional integration at injured tissues. Third, we discuss biomimetic nanomaterials that promote stemcell survival and engraftment by recreating supportive microenvironments. Fourth, we evaluate emerging immunomodulatory nanomaterials that mitigate host immune responses and enhance therapeutic tolerance. Finally, we highlight nanotechnology-enabled imaging platforms that allow real-time, non-invasive monitoring of stemcell distribution and function in vivo. Distinct from prior descriptive reviews, this work integrates mechanistic insights with translational design principles, identifying key performance thresholds and clinical bottlenecks. By systematically linking nanomaterial properties to biological outcomes, this review provides a rational roadmap for developing next-generation nanotechnology-assisted stemcell therapies in regenerative and precision medicine.

Mucoadhesion is an effective approach for increasing the retention time of topical ophthalmic therapeutics, particularly in dry eye, as it may mitigate rapid nasolacrimal drainage and improve their limited bioavailability. Using the gelation properties of mucin, the major glycoprotein of the mucosa, to assemble drug loaded nanocarriers that would consolidate considerably on the ocular mucosa and facilitate sustained release is a facile approach to integrate mucoadhesion into topical formulations. However, mucin-based nanoparticles tend to aggregate due to their limited stability in colloidal solution form. This study reports on the synthesis and stabilization of mucin in nanoparticle form using alginate as an electrostatic stabilizer, and then the subsequent loading of antioxidant coenzyme Q10. Simultaneous ionotropic gelation of both alginate and mucin is employed to obtain self-assembling polymeric nanocarriers with superior mucoadhesive properties (>80% adheres to the ocular mucosa for 0.25 gm formulation), improved shelf stability, and desired shear-thinning behavior whereas coenzyme Q10 was encapsulated with high encapsulation efficiency (>96%) and sustained release for up to 4 days. Extensive in vivo assessment reveals the efficacy of the nanocarriers in improving dry eye symptoms. This study demonstrates a novel and straightforward way to synthesize stabilized alginate-mucin nanoparticles for the effective delivery of coenzyme Q10.

Transient bioresorbable systems operate only during the clinically indicated window and then dissolve into benign products, eliminating explantation. By matching device presence to the days to weeks period after surgery or intervention, they reduce exposure to anesthesia, reentry trauma, and risks of infection, bleeding, and wound dehiscence, while shortening recovery and lowering costs. This review surveys sensing and therapeutic platforms that use bioresorbable polymers, metals, and silicon based materials to provide structural, conductive, dielectric, and semiconducting functions. Physical sensing of pressure and temperature employs capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and resistive transduction, together with passive inductor capacitor resonant readouts. Chemical sensing of potential of hydrogen leverages fluorescence based optics, radio frequency hydrogel resonators, and ultrasound readable shape adaptive materials. Therapeutic examples include radio frequency or ultrasound powered electrical stimulation for nerve regeneration or analgesia, temporary cardiac pacing, and localized drug delivery via wireless heating reservoirs or sealed on demand valves. We present a design map linking material chemistry, thickness and geometry, and encapsulation to service lifetime, supported by accelerated soak tests and diffusion and Arrhenius models of defect driven leakage. We also offer cross modal rules and checklists for translational readiness, including standardized reporting and validation from models to living organisms.

Antibiotic abuse has given rise to bacterial resistance, which severely challenges the medical and public health domains. Distinct from traditional antibiotic sterilization methods, photodynamic sterilization has attracted significant attention due to its advantages of repeatable application, broad sterilization range, and multiple action targets. Therefore, zinc phthalocyanine 4-phenoxyacetate encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA@ZPCC NPs) is synthesized in this study, and explored their bactericidal efficacy via photodynamic therapy (PDT). The physicochemical properties and singlet oxygen generation capacity of PLGA@ZPCC NPs are analyzed via NMR, EA, TEM, DLS, FTIR, and ESR. Photodynamic antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the PLGA@ZPCC NPsr exhibited favorable bactericidal effects and satisfactory biocompatibility. In a mouse skin wound infection model, PLGA@ZPCC NPs showed a notable advantage in promoting wound healing. Specifically, the healing outcomes of the medium and high-dose (100, 250 mg/kg) of PLGA@ZPCC NPs are superior to the mupirocin (200 mg/kg). During the monitoring period, the mice showed no abnormal signs, such as impaired immune function or reduced body weight. Hematological routine tests and pathological examination indicated that PLGA@ZPCC NPs caused no significant damage or pathological alterations to the mice's major organ tissues. PLGA@ZPCC NPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, wound healing promotion, and biosafety.

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) possess unique redox activity, chemical stability, and enzyme-mimetic properties, making them promising candidates for anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapies; however, protein-based green encapsulation strategies for such applications remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report the biochemically assisted synthesis of Aloe vera protein-encapsulated platinum nanoparticles (APPt NPs) using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent and freshly extracted Aloe vera proteins as both stabilizing and capping agents. The formation of Pt NPs was confirmed by a characteristic colour change and validated through physicochemical characterization. X-ray diffraction revealed a face-centred cubic crystalline structure, UV–visible spectroscopy showed absorption in the 220–280 nm range due to surface plasmon resonance, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of protein functional groups on the nanoparticle surface. APPt NPs demonstrated significant biological efficacy. In vitro assays showed inhibition of protein denaturation (IC₅₀ = 44.52 µg/mL) and strong free-radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 10.39 µg/mL). In vivo studies revealed ∼60% analgesic efficacy at 50 mg kg⁻¹ in the hot-plate model and ∼50% inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema after 4 h, outperforming the standard drug. These results collectively highlight APPt NPs as a biocompatible, redox-active nanotherapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment faces critical challenges of rapid clearance and short therapeutic duration following conventional intra-articular (IA) drug injections. To address these limitations, researchers have developed novel carrier-based delivery systems that enable precise drug localization and sustained release through material engineering and controlled-release technologies. These innovative strategies significantly enhance drug retention within the joint cavity while reducing systemic exposure and associated side effects. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in IA delivery systems, with a focus on the design principles of different carriers, as well as their applications in improving therapeutic outcomes. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the current research landscape, this review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing more effective OA treatment strategies.