Advanced Therapeutics最新文献

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) possess unique redox activity, chemical stability, and enzyme-mimetic properties, making them promising candidates for anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapies; however, protein-based green encapsulation strategies for such applications remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report the biochemically assisted synthesis of Aloe vera protein-encapsulated platinum nanoparticles (APPt NPs) using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent and freshly extracted Aloe vera proteins as both stabilizing and capping agents. The formation of Pt NPs was confirmed by a characteristic colour change and validated through physicochemical characterization. X-ray diffraction revealed a face-centred cubic crystalline structure, UV–visible spectroscopy showed absorption in the 220–280 nm range due to surface plasmon resonance, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of protein functional groups on the nanoparticle surface. APPt NPs demonstrated significant biological efficacy. In vitro assays showed inhibition of protein denaturation (IC₅₀ = 44.52 µg/mL) and strong free-radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 10.39 µg/mL). In vivo studies revealed ∼60% analgesic efficacy at 50 mg kg⁻¹ in the hot-plate model and ∼50% inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema after 4 h, outperforming the standard drug. These results collectively highlight APPt NPs as a biocompatible, redox-active nanotherapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment faces critical challenges of rapid clearance and short therapeutic duration following conventional intra-articular (IA) drug injections. To address these limitations, researchers have developed novel carrier-based delivery systems that enable precise drug localization and sustained release through material engineering and controlled-release technologies. These innovative strategies significantly enhance drug retention within the joint cavity while reducing systemic exposure and associated side effects. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in IA delivery systems, with a focus on the design principles of different carriers, as well as their applications in improving therapeutic outcomes. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the current research landscape, this review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing more effective OA treatment strategies.

Cancer is one of the major diseases threatening human health and life, and the development of cancer treatment methods is crucial for patient prognosis. Virus-mimicking nanoparticles (VMNs) are drug delivery nanocarriers inspired by viruses, characterized by good biocompatibility, excellent in vivo stability, high cellular uptake efficiency, and significant tumor accumulation. VMNs mimic the mechanism of viral infection of host cells to achieve precise drug release, holding great potential in overcoming the limitations of traditional cancer treatment methods. This article discusses the preparation strategies of VMNs, their functionalities, and cancer treatment methods based on VMNs, including oxidative therapy, immunotherapy, and heat therapy, and explores the future development trends of VMNs.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, primarily due to the alarming increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in recent years. To effectively overcome Mtb drug resistance mechanisms, innovative therapeutic modalities such as combinatorial therapy, which integrates conventional anti-tubercular drugs with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are being actively investigated. In this review, we have attempted to establish the therapeutic rationale for proposing membrane-targeting synthetic AMPs by focusing on the unique lipid composition and structural rigidity of the Mtb cell envelope. Subsequently, we evaluated the properties and molecular mechanisms of action of five key synthetic AMPs demonstrating potent antimicrobial activity against MDR and XDR strains of Mtb, which includes LLAP (a 15-amino-acid LL-37 analogue); CP26 (a 26-amino-acid cecropin A / mellitin hybrid); D-LAK120 (a 27-amino-acid containing synthetic AMP); hLF1-11/ hLF1-1117-30 (an 11-amino-acid human lactoferrin derivative); and MIAP (a 19-amino-acid magainin derivative). A detailed comparative analysis on synthetic peptides' physicochemical properties, efficacy, safety profile, pharmacodynamic characteristics and mechanisms of action are addressed. Finally, we have reported the significant translational challenges associated with the clinical application of synthetic AMPs, including systemic delivery and stability. Based on these systematic analysis, we put forth that synthetic AMPs, when utilized in combination with existing drugs, represent a highly promising therapeutic modality for overcoming drug-resistant tuberculosis infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, immunodeficiency, burn injuries, and severe infections requiring ventilation, such as Long-COVID. Despite its wide use as a model bacterium, its clinical prevalence and importance, and the development of multiple vaccines and therapeutics in research and trials over the past five decades, no vaccines or therapeutics have been approved, and none are in active clinical development. Moreover, our knowledge of the contributions, race, and interplay of their adaptable arsenal of virulence factors or pathogenic mechanisms with host immunity remains a relatively black box. We have only begun to see new research investigating alternative vaccines and therapeutic approaches in recent years. Here, we briefly review the current scope of mechanisms of host immunity evasion, virulence regulation via quorum sensing (QS), and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Recent advancements in vaccine development, including conjugate vaccines, live-attenuated strains, and mRNA-based platforms, are discussed alongside emerging therapies such as antibody-based therapies, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticle-based antimicrobials, phage-derived endolysins, natural bioactive compounds, and bacteriophage-based interventions. Challenges in clinical translation and future directions for combating this resilient pathogen are highlighted.