Advanced Therapeutics最新文献

Cancer is one of the major diseases threatening human health and life, and the development of cancer treatment methods is crucial for patient prognosis. Virus-mimicking nanoparticles (VMNs) are drug delivery nanocarriers inspired by viruses, characterized by good biocompatibility, excellent in vivo stability, high cellular uptake efficiency, and significant tumor accumulation. VMNs mimic the mechanism of viral infection of host cells to achieve precise drug release, holding great potential in overcoming the limitations of traditional cancer treatment methods. This article discusses the preparation strategies of VMNs, their functionalities, and cancer treatment methods based on VMNs, including oxidative therapy, immunotherapy, and heat therapy, and explores the future development trends of VMNs.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, primarily due to the alarming increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in recent years. To effectively overcome Mtb drug resistance mechanisms, innovative therapeutic modalities such as combinatorial therapy, which integrates conventional anti-tubercular drugs with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are being actively investigated. In this review, we have attempted to establish the therapeutic rationale for proposing membrane-targeting synthetic AMPs by focusing on the unique lipid composition and structural rigidity of the Mtb cell envelope. Subsequently, we evaluated the properties and molecular mechanisms of action of five key synthetic AMPs demonstrating potent antimicrobial activity against MDR and XDR strains of Mtb, which includes LLAP (a 15-amino-acid LL-37 analogue); CP26 (a 26-amino-acid cecropin A / mellitin hybrid); D-LAK120 (a 27-amino-acid containing synthetic AMP); hLF1-11/ hLF1-1117-30 (an 11-amino-acid human lactoferrin derivative); and MIAP (a 19-amino-acid magainin derivative). A detailed comparative analysis on synthetic peptides' physicochemical properties, efficacy, safety profile, pharmacodynamic characteristics and mechanisms of action are addressed. Finally, we have reported the significant translational challenges associated with the clinical application of synthetic AMPs, including systemic delivery and stability. Based on these systematic analysis, we put forth that synthetic AMPs, when utilized in combination with existing drugs, represent a highly promising therapeutic modality for overcoming drug-resistant tuberculosis infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, immunodeficiency, burn injuries, and severe infections requiring ventilation, such as Long-COVID. Despite its wide use as a model bacterium, its clinical prevalence and importance, and the development of multiple vaccines and therapeutics in research and trials over the past five decades, no vaccines or therapeutics have been approved, and none are in active clinical development. Moreover, our knowledge of the contributions, race, and interplay of their adaptable arsenal of virulence factors or pathogenic mechanisms with host immunity remains a relatively black box. We have only begun to see new research investigating alternative vaccines and therapeutic approaches in recent years. Here, we briefly review the current scope of mechanisms of host immunity evasion, virulence regulation via quorum sensing (QS), and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Recent advancements in vaccine development, including conjugate vaccines, live-attenuated strains, and mRNA-based platforms, are discussed alongside emerging therapies such as antibody-based therapies, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticle-based antimicrobials, phage-derived endolysins, natural bioactive compounds, and bacteriophage-based interventions. Challenges in clinical translation and future directions for combating this resilient pathogen are highlighted.

The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections demands therapeutic strategies that bypass conventional antibiotics. Light-responsive, bioresorbable nanomaterials offer a unique platform for targeted antimicrobial treatment by combining biodegradation-driven safety with photonic activation modes such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and antimicrobial blue light (aBL). Here, we review the design principles linking composition, degradation pathways, and photophysical performance of these systems, with emphasis on reactive oxygen species generation, localized hyperthermia, and membrane disruption mechanisms. We further evaluate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy, highlighting material classes that achieve controlled clearance while minimizing off-target toxicity. Finally, weoutline integration with portable photonic devices, real-time monitoring systems, and emerging frameworks involving artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) for precision infection control. Together, these developments establish bioresorbable photonic nanomaterials as a promising frontier in combating MDR pathogens and advancing translational antimicrobial therapies.