Advanced Therapeutics最新文献

The integration of advanced biotechnology platforms is revolutionizing the drug discovery landscape, enhancing efficiency and success rates while reducing development costs. This review examines the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), high-throughput screening, organoid technology, and multi-omics approaches in drug development. AI and machine learning algorithms leverage big data to predict drug-target interactions, optimize molecular structures, and identify novel therapeutic candidates. Organoid-based in vitro models, complex 3D cellular constructs derived from stem cells, recapitulate human disease biology than conventional 2D cell cultures, improving the predictive power of preclinical efficacy and toxicity testing. High-throughput phenotypic screening, enhanced by automation, enables testing of vast compound libraries in physiologically relevant cell systems. Multi-omics technologies (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) yield comprehensive molecular profiles of disease states and drug responses. AI-driven predictions can be experimentally validated in organoid models, while organoid-derived data feed back into machine learning models to refine predictions. Current challenges, including standardization of organoid culture protocols, validation of AI model predictions, and the management of multi-modal big data are critically examined. Emerging trends and future directions are presented, highlighting the potential of these integrated approaches to accelerate the development of personalized therapies and reduce attrition rates in clinical trials.

Chronic wounds, especially in diabetic patients, often struggle to heal due to prolonged inflammation, oxidative stress, and poor tissue regeneration. Lycopene, a natural antioxidant found in tomatoes, has shown therapeutic potential in wound care, but its poor water solubility and thereby limited skin absorption have hindered its practical application. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to develop a lycopene-loaded microemulsion-based gel (LMEG) for topical use. The formulation is prepared by optimizing a microemulsion using ethyl oleate, Tween 80, and PEG 400, and then integrating it into a gel matrix containing Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and carbopol 940. The resulting gel is evaluated for its physical properties, drug content, in vitro release, skin permeation, and wound healing efficacy in a diabetic rat model. The LMEG showed high drug encapsulation, good viscosity, and sustained drug release. In vivo results demonstrated complete wound closure by day 14, with restored epidermal structure, presence of skin appendages, and reduced inflammation. Biochemical studies revealed a significant decrease in inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, and glycation end-products. The combined benefits of lycopene and KGM contributed to effective wound healing by addressing both inflammation and oxidative stress, indicating LMEG could be a promising topical therapy for chronic wound management.

Curcumin is a polyphenol that has been found to have therapeutic potential encompassing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. However, its clinical translation has been significantly hindered by poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability, and limited bioavailability. Nonotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach to overcome these limitations. This review systematically explores the advancements in nanostructured curcumin delivery systems from 2020 to 2025, emphasizing polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipid-based nanocarriers (liposomes, NLCs, SLNs), cyclodextrins, hydrogels, inorganic nanocarriers (e.g., MSNs, AuNPs), and hybrid platforms. These nanoformulations enhance curcumin's physicochemical stability, enable targeted and sustained drug release, and improve cellular uptake. Furthermore, co-delivery strategies with agents like piperine and chemotherapeutics show synergistic therapeutic benefits. A complete in vitro and in vivo evaluation confirms curcumin's efficacy in managing cancer, metabolic syndromes, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegeneration. Despite these advances, translational barriers including regulatory ambiguity, scalability challenges, and formulation reproducibility persist. This review advocates for multidisciplinary collaborations to standardize nanocurcumin development pipelines and align industrial production with clinical protocols. Nanoformulated curcumin represents a strategic innovation for the pharmaceutical industry; its successful translation will depend on regulatory harmonization and holds a strong promise as a next-generation therapeutic agent across multiple disease spectra.

Plasmonic gold nanorattles (AuNRTs), with their distinctive core@void@shell structure, have emerged as a next-generation platform for cancer nanotheranostics. Their hollow and porous morphology not only red-shifts localized surface plasmon resonance into the biologically transparent near infrared-I (NIR-I) and near infrared-II (NIR-II) windows, but also enhances photothermal conversion efficiency, electromagnetic hot-spot generation, and drug-loading capacity. These multifunctional features allow AuNRTs to integrate high-contrast bioimaging modalities with plasmonic photothermal therapy and synergistic chemo-photothermal treatment within a single nanostructure. Recent advances highlight diverse shape- and composition-controlled designs as well as multimetallic yolk–shell hybrids (Pd, Pt, Cu_2−xS), which demonstrate good performance in in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Despite these advances, challenges including antibody conjugation efficiency, toxicity from surfactant, limited penetration depth of NIR irradiation, and scalability barriers continue to impede clinical translation. Emerging solutions such as synthesis strategies with biocompatible polymers, site-specific bioconjugation, and simplified “one-for-all” multifunctional platforms hold promise for overcoming these limitations. This review critically summarizes progress in design, properties, and applications of plasmonic Au-NRTs for cancer theranostics, while outlining translational challenges and future opportunities. By bridging diagnostics and therapeutics into a single tunable platform, AuNRTs represent a powerful step toward precision therapy and image-guided cancer management.

Skin cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with chemotherapy often limited by suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. One of the major barriers to effective treatment is the limited penetration of chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor microenvironment, which restricts drug availability at the target site. Staphylococcus aureus infections contribute to tumor-promoting microenvironments, chemoresistance, clustering, and invasion of melanoma cells, highlighting the need for therapeutic approaches targeting both bacterial infections and cancer. This study introduces a dual-action nanosystem, gold-coated algosomes (ALG/Au), synthesized from Spirulina-derived lipids, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, for combined photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) against bacteria and cancer cells. ALG/Au achieved a temperature rise up to 50°C under laser irradiation, facilitating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and bacterial elimination via lipid peroxidation-mediated cell membrane damage. The system exhibited >95% inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation, strong anti-hemolytic activity, and excellent hemocompatibility with minimal cytotoxicity in L929 and NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Additionally, ALG/Au demonstrated significant melanoma cell death in the B16 3D spheroid and S. aureus in vitro co-culture model, underscoring its potential for targeting cancer and tumor-residing bacteria. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ALG/Au nanoparticles in simultaneously targeting bacterial infections and cancer cells through synergistic PDT and PTT mechanisms.