Advanced Therapeutics最新文献

Bacterial infections have caused various diseases in orthopedic settings. Antibacterial drugs as a traditional approach of combating bacterial infections have been used over past decades, but yet suffer from challenges of antibacterial drug resistance, lack of targeting the infected sites, etc. There is a need to explore the innovative approach of phototherapy against the chronic bacterial infections. In this review, the current nonphototherapeutic approaches are initially documented for eliminating bacterial infections, then the phototherapeutic modalities are presented, and lastly, comprehensive discussion on near infrared (NIR) light-based antibacterial treatments for orthopedic implants is narrowed down. Utilizing the benefits of NIR light and photosensitizers is anticipated to address the problems related to multidrug-resistant strains. The integrated modality with phototherapies of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) is more effective than the single-mode approaches to treat bone and teeth bacterial infections. Furthermore, the challenges and the future directions regarding phototherapies of implants related infections are discussed. The aim of this review is to pinpoint the advantages of NIR light and photosensitizers to eradicate biofilms formulated on implants surface, avoiding the implant failure and associated bone and teeth bacterial infections.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for one-third of global deaths, making it the most common among all causes of death. While the first-line treatment arsenal includes lifestyle changes and pharmaceutical agents, these preventative strategies suffer from poor adherence and ineffectiveness in some patients. If the cardiac condition worsens, more invasive procedures involving surgery and cardiovascular device implantation are utilized. Cardiovascular devices, whether active or passive (depending upon the generation of flow by the device), are therefore a key component in the CVD treatment battery. Critically, the use of these blood-contacting devices is accompanied by an integral challenge of how to fulfil the treatment purpose with minimal blood compromise. This review summarizes the main approaches for improvements in device hemocompatibility by careful material selection and surface modifications, with a particular focus on passive (non-flow-generating) devices. We first discuss the key chemical properties that underlie an optimal blood-compatible material and surface, particularly surface chemistries that are hydrophilic, superhydrophobic, smooth, nanotextured, negatively charged, or drug-loaded. We then exemplify the implementation of these principles in several established passive cardiovascular implant devices, including stents, catheters, vascular grafts, and heart valves.

Materials innovation is reshaping healthcare, from next-generation drug delivery to breakthrough implantable devices. Yet, concerns over toxicity and stringent regulations, especially in inorganic materials and nanotechnology, often stifle progress, limiting the exploration of novel solutions. Despite these hurdles, emerging discoveries underscore the untapped potential of unconventional materials in medicine. Unlocking this potential requires a proactive, science-driven approach to safety. This paper outlines key strategies to bridge innovation and regulation, including early-stage toxicological screening, interdisciplinary co-design, computational modeling, life cycle impact analysis, and robust post-market surveillance. By embedding these principles into materials development, the healthcare industry can push the boundaries of medical technology while ensuring uncompromising safety and efficacy.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine that has gained considerable attention due to its capability to enhance tissue repair and regeneration. Initially introduced for managing thrombocytopenia, PRP now has broad clinical applications across various biomedical fields, ranging from dermatology to neurology. Its therapeutic effects rely on delivering concentrated platelets that release critical growth factors and cytokines, thereby enhancing natural healing processes such as cellular proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis. Despite promising clinical outcomes, PRP therapy faces challenges due to inconsistencies in preparation methods, limiting its standardization and clinical efficacy. Unlike previous studies that focus narrowly on individual applications, this comprehensive review presents a multidisciplinary overview that integrates the latest advancements in PRP preparation methods and their implications for broader clinical translation, such as orthopedics, nerve regeneration, dermatology, dentistry, and skin aging treatment. Additionally, the article addresses ongoing issues related to standardizing PRP use, ethical considerations, and identifies critical areas for future research. Through this evaluation, the review aims to provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers, contributing to improved clinical outcomes and broader therapeutic utilization of PRP in regenerative medicine.

Organ shortage in liver transplantation results in increased use of extended criteria donors. This study investigates the effects of donor age and cold ischemia time (CIT) on liver graft quality in a rat normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) model. Livers from 3- and 12-month-old rats undergo 6 or 12 h of CIT followed by 6 h of NMP. Analyses include perfusate biochemistry, histology, and proteomics. Older donors with prolonged CIT show the highest perfusate alanine-aminotransferase (highest median 751 U L⁻¹ vs. lowest median 415 U L⁻¹, p = 0.06) and significantly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (8,659 U L⁻¹ vs. 4,125 U L⁻¹, p = 0.005). Histological analysis reveals increasing tissue damage with advancing donor age and longer CIT. The older group also displays a lower perfusate-to-biliary glucose delta and a higher biliary glucose-to-perfusate ratio, indicating more severe bile duct injury. Proteomic profiling identifies differential expression of proteins involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, cellular detoxification, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid metabolism. Advanced donor age and prolonged CIT markedly impair liver graft quality, underscoring the need to minimize CIT. Advancing preservation strategies, refining viability criteria, and developing molecular interventions may improve graft viability and transplant success as donor demographics shift towards older populations.

Single-point laser photodynamic therapy destroys tumors using a focused laser instead of wide-area illumination used in conventional photodynamic therapy. The damage begins at one point within the tumor and rapidly propagates, leading to complete malignant tissue destruction. More details can be found in the Research Article by Gianluca D'Agostino, Sebastián A. Thompson, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202400541). Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.

Mosquito-borne orthoflaviviruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are major public health concerns worldwide due to their epidemic potential, immune evasion mechanisms, and the absence of specific antiviral treatments. While vaccines exist for JEV, DENV, and Yellow Fever, their use is limited by safety concerns in vulnerable populations. In this context, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) gain attention as potent and specific therapeutic tools. A central focus of recent research is the orthoflavivirus envelope (E) protein, particularly the fusion loop (FL), which is a highly conserved region within domain II that plays a critical role in viral membrane fusion and entry. The FL is a structural conservation across orthoflavivirus species, making it a target for the development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). This review highlights the key mechanisms of mAb-mediated neutralization, with a focus on FL-targeting strategies, and discusses how rational antigen design and antibody engineering are overcoming challenges related to epitope accessibility and antibody-dependent enhancement. Strategies for antibody discovery, such as phage display and Fc engineering are explored. Finally, mRNA-based platforms for in vivo antibody expression, offering an approach to rapid antibody expression to combat orthoflavivirus infections are discussed.