Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

Impact of recent stimulant use on treatment outcomes amongst individuals initiating medications for opioid use disorders: Secondary analysis of a multisite randomized controlled trial 阿片类药物使用障碍患者近期服用兴奋剂对治疗效果的影响：多站点随机对照试验的二次分析

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100330

Cari Coles , Courtney Batts , Joanne Bae , Gabriela León , Alex Schmidt , Sterling M. McPherson , Crystal L. Smith , André C. Miguel

Introduction

Illicit stimulant use among individuals initiating medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) has significantly increased over the past decade. Co-use of these substances is associated with increased risk of mortality as well as worse treatment outcomes. This study examines the potential predictive role of stimulant urinalysis result at baseline on treatment retention and opioid and stimulant use outcomes amongst individuals initiating MOUD treatment.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from a multi-site randomized clinical trial (CTN-0027). A total of 1269 individuals were randomized to receive 24 weeks of buprenorphine (n = 740) or methadone (n = 529) treatment across nine sites. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were conducted to determine the impact of baseline stimulant urinalysis results on treatment retention, and stimulant and opioid use outcomes.

Results

Individuals initiating MOUD with a stimulant negative urinalysis result at baseline submitted more negative stimulant (ꞵ=7.8; 95 % CI 6.8–8.7) and opioid (ꞵ=2.8; 95 % CI 1.8–3.8) urinalyses during treatment, were more likely to complete treatment (aOR=1.4; 95 % CI 1.1–1.7), and had better outcomes at six-month follow-up, measured as negative urinalysis for stimulant (aOR=5.3; 95 % CI 3.6–7.7), and opioid (aOR=1.8; 95 % CI 1.3–2.6).

Conclusion

Baseline stimulant use is associated with worse MOUD treatment outcomes, underscoring the need for novel integrated interventions designed to address opioid and stimulant co-use.

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing withdrawal from long-acting injectable buprenorphine: An observational case series

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100329

Victoria Hayes , Llewellyn Mills , Gaye Byron , Carolyn Stubley , Eleanor Black , Benjamin T. Trevitt , Andrew A. Somogyi , Arshman Sahid , Nicholas Lintzeris

Introduction

Long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB) products are being increasingly used to treat patients with opioid dependence. Limited data is available on the severity or timespan (time to onset, peak, duration) of withdrawal signs and symptoms following discontinuation of treatment.

Methods

Participants aiming to discontinue long-term LAIB treatment commenced the study on the day of their final dose of Buvidal® 64 mg Monthly. Participants were monitored with weekly assessments of withdrawal severity, cravings, general health, and patient experience measures for up to 16 weeks after last dose.

Results

Fifteen participants – those who remained for at least four weeks after the last LAIB dose – were included in the study. There was minimal increase in withdrawal severity over the study period, with an average peak Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale score of 4.8 ± 2.7, occurring at a median of 6 weeks (IQR 4–7.5) after the last LAIB dose. Cravings scores were generally low but increased gradually over the 16-week study period. There was no deterioration in physical or mental health scores, and participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the withdrawal experience. Ten participants used rescue medications, predominately in weeks 5 or 6 after the last dose.

Discussion and conclusions

Participants (last dose of Buvidal® 64 mg Monthly) experienced minimal or mild withdrawal signs and symptoms, usually peaking in severity between 5 and 8 weeks after the last dose. These results are encouraging, however clinical trials comparing withdrawal outcomes between LAIB, sublingual buprenorphine (SL BPN) and methadone are required to inform treatment planning.

{"title":"Characterizing withdrawal from long-acting injectable buprenorphine: An observational case series","authors":"Victoria Hayes , Llewellyn Mills , Gaye Byron , Carolyn Stubley , Eleanor Black , Benjamin T. Trevitt , Andrew A. Somogyi , Arshman Sahid , Nicholas Lintzeris","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB) products are being increasingly used to treat patients with opioid dependence. Limited data is available on the severity or timespan (time to onset, peak, duration) of withdrawal signs and symptoms following discontinuation of treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants aiming to discontinue long-term LAIB treatment commenced the study on the day of their final dose of Buvidal® 64mg Monthly. Participants were monitored with weekly assessments of withdrawal severity, cravings, general health, and patient experience measures for up to 16 weeks after last dose.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen participants – those who remained for at least four weeks after the last LAIB dose – were included in the study. There was minimal increase in withdrawal severity over the study period, with an average peak Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale score of 4.8 ± 2.7, occurring at a median of 6 weeks (IQR 4–7.5) after the last LAIB dose. Cravings scores were generally low but increased gradually over the 16-week study period. There was no deterioration in physical or mental health scores, and participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the withdrawal experience. Ten participants used rescue medications, predominately in weeks 5 or 6 after the last dose.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><div>Participants (last dose of Buvidal® 64mg Monthly) experienced minimal or mild withdrawal signs and symptoms, usually peaking in severity between 5 and 8 weeks after the last dose. These results are encouraging, however clinical trials comparing withdrawal outcomes between LAIB, sublingual buprenorphine (SL BPN) and methadone are required to inform treatment planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long acting injectable buprenorphine: Perspectives from service-users, staff and stakeholders

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100328

Rebecca Fish , Céu Mateus , Hannah Maiden , Euan Lawson , Mark Limmer

Introduction

Long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB) is a relatively novel pharmacological treatment for people with opioid dependence. Despite growing qualitative evidence, there is limited research on practitioner insights, and effectiveness of LAIB in a community setting.

Methods

Thirteen service-users (11 currently prescribed LAIB), 6 practitioners, and 4 stakeholders (public health workers) took part in semi-structured interviews (n = 23) to glean their perspectives on LAIB. They were recruited through a community drug treatment service in the NW of England. The interview schedule was informed by previous literature and co-produced with a peer worker with lived experience of drug recovery treatment. Transcripts were analysed thematically by the research team.

Results

Four major themes were identified from the interviews: A change of focus; challenges; wrap-around support; and target groups.

Discussion

Our findings support existing evidence around the individual benefits to service-users such as changes to lifestyle and reduction of stigma, as well as challenges such as the need for wrap-around support and accessible information. We found that commissioning considerations such as geographical inequalities and the need for multi-service collaboration are important in this setting.

Conclusions

LAIB treatment works well for many people in a community context that offers significant wrap-around support to service-users. The novelty of this research lies in bringing together the views of practitioners and stakeholders as well as treatment/service beneficiaries in evaluating the introduction of LAIB in a community service.

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引用次数: 0

Naloxone training programs in corporately-owned versus independently-owned Alabama community pharmacies: A pilot cross-sectional survey

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100326

Erin Blythe , Nicholas McCormick , Shannon Woods , Karen Pham , Asia White , Hannah Bricker , Sadie Newhouse , Anne Taylor , Lindsey Hohmann

Introduction

Alabama community pharmacists have the ability to furnish naloxone. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences between naloxone training, policies, procedures, and preferences in corporately-owned (chain) versus independently-owned pharmacies in Alabama.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to Alabama community pharmacists via email. Outcome measures included: 1) in-house versus outsourced naloxone education/training topics (13-item multiple-choice); 2) naloxone training preferences (5-item multiple-choice); and 3) perceived usefulness of naloxone education sources (14-item Likert scale from 1 =strongly disagree to 5 =strongly agree). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 2-sided Fisher’s Exact tests for categorical and Mann Whitney U tests for continuous/ordinal outcomes.

Results

Among the respondents (N = 64), 37 % were female, 95 % White, with an average age of 42 years. Less pharmacists received naloxone training (77 % vs 98 %, p = 0.016), naloxone education mandated by employers (7 % vs 97 %, p < 0.001), and mean[SD] in-house naloxone education topics (3.7[4.9] vs 8.5[4.2], p = 0.003) in independent versus chain pharmacies. Most independent and chain pharmacies preferred naloxone training in an online self-study format (53 % vs 45 %, p = 0.529). However, mean[SD] perceived usefulness of training sources was lower for employer-based training (2.93[0.96] vs 3.90[1.01], p = 0.003), the Alabama Department of Public Health (2.87[1.19] vs 3.66[0.90], p = 0.024), and the Veterans Affairs Administration (1.60[0.91] vs 2.41[0.98], p = 0.013) amongst independents versus chains.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that pharmacists are not all receiving the same training in independent versus chain pharmacies. Targeted training efforts, including development of educational programs tailored to preferences in pharmacy settings, may lead to more efficient and informed provision of naloxone.

{"title":"Naloxone training programs in corporately-owned versus independently-owned Alabama community pharmacies: A pilot cross-sectional survey","authors":"Erin Blythe , Nicholas McCormick , Shannon Woods , Karen Pham , Asia White , Hannah Bricker , Sadie Newhouse , Anne Taylor , Lindsey Hohmann","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Alabama community pharmacists have the ability to furnish naloxone. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences between naloxone training, policies, procedures, and preferences in corporately-owned (chain) versus independently-owned pharmacies in Alabama.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to Alabama community pharmacists via email. Outcome measures included: 1) in-house versus outsourced naloxone education/training topics (13-item multiple-choice); 2) naloxone training preferences (5-item multiple-choice); and 3) perceived usefulness of naloxone education sources (14-item Likert scale from 1 =strongly disagree to 5 =strongly agree). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 2-sided Fisher’s Exact tests for categorical and Mann Whitney U tests for continuous/ordinal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the respondents (N = 64), 37 % were female, 95 % White, with an average age of 42 years. Less pharmacists received naloxone training (77 % vs 98 %, p = 0.016), naloxone education mandated by employers (7 % vs 97 %, p < 0.001), and mean[SD] in-house naloxone education topics (3.7[4.9] vs 8.5[4.2], p = 0.003) in independent versus chain pharmacies. Most independent and chain pharmacies preferred naloxone training in an online self-study format (53 % vs 45 %, p = 0.529). However, mean[SD] perceived usefulness of training sources was lower for employer-based training (2.93[0.96] vs 3.90[1.01], p = 0.003), the Alabama Department of Public Health (2.87[1.19] vs 3.66[0.90], p = 0.024), and the Veterans Affairs Administration (1.60[0.91] vs 2.41[0.98], p = 0.013) amongst independents versus chains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that pharmacists are not all receiving the same training in independent versus chain pharmacies. Targeted training efforts, including development of educational programs tailored to preferences in pharmacy settings, may lead to more efficient and informed provision of naloxone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A phase I pilot study of a mobile education tool for supporting pregnant women with opioid use disorder

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100327

Ekaterina Burduli , Jessica Fitts Willoughby , Kaylee Paulsgrove , Anna Winquist , Sterling M. McPherson , Ron Kim Johnson , Hendrée E. Jones

Background

Perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) require targeted interventions to address gaps in maternal education and support. Maternal involvement in non-pharmacological NAS care is essential for improving neonatal outcomes, yet many mothers lack accessible resources to manage NAS symptoms and to navigate social and healthcare challenges. Mobile health applications offer a promising solution, but few cater specifically to the needs of perinatal women with OUD.

Objective

We assessed the usability, acceptability, and feasibility of a new mobile educational tool for pregnant women with OUD, focusing on the perinatal period and NAS care.

Results

Six perinatal women with OUD (n = 1 pregnant, n = 5 postpartum; mean age 31) found the tool highly acceptable (modified CSQ-8 mean=28.8 out of 32) and usable (modified SUS mean=45.0 out of 50). Most were likely to use the tool during pregnancy and postpartum, citing improved preparedness for advocating for themselves, managing NAS, and navigating CPS. Feedback suggested expanding content on infant withdrawal medications.

Conclusions

This mobile tool shows promise in empowering perinatal women with OUD. Further research is needed to evaluate its impact on clinical and neonatal outcomes.

{"title":"A phase I pilot study of a mobile education tool for supporting pregnant women with opioid use disorder","authors":"Ekaterina Burduli , Jessica Fitts Willoughby , Kaylee Paulsgrove , Anna Winquist , Sterling M. McPherson , Ron Kim Johnson , Hendrée E. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) require targeted interventions to address gaps in maternal education and support. Maternal involvement in non-pharmacological NAS care is essential for improving neonatal outcomes, yet many mothers lack accessible resources to manage NAS symptoms and to navigate social and healthcare challenges. Mobile health applications offer a promising solution, but few cater specifically to the needs of perinatal women with OUD.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We assessed the usability, acceptability, and feasibility of a new mobile educational tool for pregnant women with OUD, focusing on the perinatal period and NAS care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six perinatal women with OUD (n = 1 pregnant, n = 5 postpartum; mean age 31) found the tool highly acceptable (modified CSQ-8 mean=28.8 out of 32) and usable (modified SUS mean=45.0 out of 50). Most were likely to use the tool during pregnancy and postpartum, citing improved preparedness for advocating for themselves, managing NAS, and navigating CPS. Feedback suggested expanding content on infant withdrawal medications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This mobile tool shows promise in empowering perinatal women with OUD. Further research is needed to evaluate its impact on clinical and neonatal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of SSRI and SNRI co-prescription on benzodiazepine prescription trajectories

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100325

Kerry L. Kinney , Eliseu da Cruz Moreira-Junior , Laís F. Berro , Matthew C. Morris , James K. Rowlett

Purpose

This study examined whether co-prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)s with benzodiazepines is associated with differences in benzodiazepine prescriptions both within individual patients over time and between patients.

Methods

We analyzed deidentified electronic health records of patients prescribed a benzodiazepine between 2020 and 2022 (N = 847). Patients were categorized into three groups: those co-prescribed an SSRI, those co-prescribed an SNRI, and those not co-prescribed an SSRI or SNRI.

Results

Individuals co-prescribed an SSRI (M=6.63) or an SNRI (M=8.31) had more benzodiazepine prescription encounters than those who were not co-prescribed an SSRI/SNRI (M=5.08). Individuals co-prescribed an SSRI or SNRI also received a higher maximum benzodiazepine dosage than those who were not co-prescribed an SSRI/SNRI (SSRI M=2.41; SNRI M=2.30; No SSRI/SNRI M=1.91 diazepam milligram equivalent defined daily doses). Multilevel models indicated the SSRI co-prescription group received a higher initial benzodiazepine dosage (b=0.394), but showed no significant change in benzodiazepine dosage over time. When controlling for demographic and clinical correlates of benzodiazepine prescriptions, those who were not co-prescribed an SSRI showed an increase in benzodiazepine dose over time (b=0.075). Multilevel models revealed no relationship between SNRI co-prescription and starting benzodiazepine dosage or change in benzodiazepine dosage over time. An anxiety disorder diagnosis, younger age, and non-Black/African American race were associated with higher benzodiazepine dose.

Conclusions

Individuals who are co-prescribed an SSRI/SNRI may be vulnerable to longer treatment durations and higher prescribed doses of benzodiazepines, raising concerns about risk for dependence among individuals receiving combined benzodiazepine and SSRI/SNRI treatment.

{"title":"Influence of SSRI and SNRI co-prescription on benzodiazepine prescription trajectories","authors":"Kerry L. Kinney , Eliseu da Cruz Moreira-Junior , Laís F. Berro , Matthew C. Morris , James K. Rowlett","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study examined whether co-prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)s with benzodiazepines is associated with differences in benzodiazepine prescriptions both within individual patients over time and between patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed deidentified electronic health records of patients prescribed a benzodiazepine between 2020 and 2022 (<em>N</em> = 847). Patients were categorized into three groups: those co-prescribed an SSRI, those co-prescribed an SNRI, and those not co-prescribed an SSRI or SNRI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individuals co-prescribed an SSRI (<em>M</em>=6.63) or an SNRI (<em>M</em>=8.31) had more benzodiazepine prescription encounters than those who were not co-prescribed an SSRI/SNRI (<em>M</em>=5.08). Individuals co-prescribed an SSRI or SNRI also received a higher maximum benzodiazepine dosage than those who were not co-prescribed an SSRI/SNRI (SSRI <em>M</em>=2.41; SNRI <em>M</em>=2.30; No SSRI/SNRI <em>M</em>=1.91 diazepam milligram equivalent defined daily doses). Multilevel models indicated the SSRI co-prescription group received a higher initial benzodiazepine dosage (<em>b</em>=0.394), but showed no significant change in benzodiazepine dosage over time. When controlling for demographic and clinical correlates of benzodiazepine prescriptions, those who were not co-prescribed an SSRI showed an increase in benzodiazepine dose over time (<em>b</em>=0.075). Multilevel models revealed no relationship between SNRI co-prescription and starting benzodiazepine dosage or change in benzodiazepine dosage over time. An anxiety disorder diagnosis, younger age, and non-Black/African American race were associated with higher benzodiazepine dose.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individuals who are co-prescribed an SSRI/SNRI may be vulnerable to longer treatment durations and higher prescribed doses of benzodiazepines, raising concerns about risk for dependence among individuals receiving combined benzodiazepine and SSRI/SNRI treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The psychostimulant drug, fenethylline (captagon): Health risks, addiction and the global impact of illicit trade

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100323

Matthew Chidozie Ogwu , Matěj Malík , Pavel Tlustoš , Jiří Patočka

Fenethylline (street name, captagon) is a synthetic amphetamine-type stimulant that is emerging as a significant public health and security concern, particularly in the Middle East. This systematic review synthesizes original research articles, epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, policy analyses, and case reports to provide a comprehensive analysis of fenethylline’s health impacts, addiction potential, and dynamics of illicit trade. Initially developed for therapeutic use, fenethylline illicit production and use have escalated, raising concern about its physiological, psychological, and socio-economic impacts. This stimulant profoundly affects the central nervous system, enhancing wakefulness, concentration, and physical stamina while inducing euphoria. These effects come at the cost of serious adverse health outcomes, particularly with prolonged or heavy use, including cardiovascular complications, neurological damage, and addiction. The dependence-forming nature of captagon contributes to escalating substance use disorders, impacting healthcare systems. Beyond its biomedical implications, fenethylline trafficking has become a global issue, with supply chains deeply intertwined with politically unstable regions where illicit economies thrive. The geopolitical dimensions of captagon’s trade amplify its global security threat, influencing international relations and regional stability. This paper underscores the urgent need for systematic data collection and coordinated efforts to regulate illicit fenethylline production and distribution. Strategies such as improved surveillance, public health interventions, and international cooperation are essential to mitigate its escalating risks. Addressing this issue requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating public health, law enforcement, and policy development to curb its impact on global health and security.

{"title":"The psychostimulant drug, fenethylline (captagon): Health risks, addiction and the global impact of illicit trade","authors":"Matthew Chidozie Ogwu , Matěj Malík , Pavel Tlustoš , Jiří Patočka","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fenethylline (street name, captagon) is a synthetic amphetamine-type stimulant that is emerging as a significant public health and security concern, particularly in the Middle East. This systematic review synthesizes original research articles, epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, policy analyses, and case reports to provide a comprehensive analysis of fenethylline’s health impacts, addiction potential, and dynamics of illicit trade. Initially developed for therapeutic use, fenethylline illicit production and use have escalated, raising concern about its physiological, psychological, and socio-economic impacts. This stimulant profoundly affects the central nervous system, enhancing wakefulness, concentration, and physical stamina while inducing euphoria. These effects come at the cost of serious adverse health outcomes, particularly with prolonged or heavy use, including cardiovascular complications, neurological damage, and addiction. The dependence-forming nature of captagon contributes to escalating substance use disorders, impacting healthcare systems. Beyond its biomedical implications, fenethylline trafficking has become a global issue, with supply chains deeply intertwined with politically unstable regions where illicit economies thrive. The geopolitical dimensions of captagon’s trade amplify its global security threat, influencing international relations and regional stability. This paper underscores the urgent need for systematic data collection and coordinated efforts to regulate illicit fenethylline production and distribution. Strategies such as improved surveillance, public health interventions, and international cooperation are essential to mitigate its escalating risks. Addressing this issue requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating public health, law enforcement, and policy development to curb its impact on global health and security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Receipt of medication for opioid use disorder among rural and urban veterans health administration patients” [Drug Alcohol Depend. Rep. 14 (2025) 100311]

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100319

Olivia C. Reynolds , Kathleen F. Carlson , Adam J. Gordon , Robert L. Handley , Benjamin J. Morasco , Todd P. Korthuis , Travis I. Lovejoy , Jessica J. Wyse

引用次数: 0

Protocol for a new family history of addiction density score to aid in the treatment of alcohol and substance use disorders

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100321

Jessica L. Bourdon , Jordan Wright , Sabrina Verdecanna , Mer W. Francis , Vivia V. McCutcheon

Background

While molecular and non-molecular genetic testing are the gold standard for assessing a person’s familial liability for substance use disorders, such testing is often inaccessible. Family history information collected at intake is an alternative, but tools to effectively utilize this information are excessively complex. The aims of the study are threefold: 1) Describe a protocol for the collection of family history in a thorough and straightforward manner. 2) Provide an algorithm to convert family history information to numerical scores. 3) Present the aggregated results from the pilot testing of the protocol.

Methods

All patients (N = 871) underwent a comprehensive assessment that included the family history protocol. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and Pearson Correlation were used to analyze the scores and determine key differences by demographic categories (sex/race/ethnicity/substance/age).

Results

The protocol asked patients four key questions about 1st and 2nd degree relatives while completing a family pedigree. Answers were transferred into an algorithm to output a score for each patient. This score took affectedness and relatedness of each family member into account. The average number of affected relatives was 5.24 (SD=3.17), and there were significant sex, race, and primary substance score differences.

Conclusions

This study provides the addiction field with a novel, freely available, and easily implementable family history protocol that has several potential clinical applications. While more research is needed, pilot results provide a valuable research tool, insight into a typical family history for those at an inpatient addiction treatment center, and steps toward closing the research-to-practice gap in this field.

{"title":"Protocol for a new family history of addiction density score to aid in the treatment of alcohol and substance use disorders","authors":"Jessica L. Bourdon , Jordan Wright , Sabrina Verdecanna , Mer W. Francis , Vivia V. McCutcheon","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While molecular and non-molecular genetic testing are the gold standard for assessing a person’s familial liability for substance use disorders, such testing is often inaccessible. Family history information collected at intake is an alternative, but tools to effectively utilize this information are excessively complex. The aims of the study are threefold: 1) Describe a protocol for the collection of family history in a thorough and straightforward manner. 2) Provide an algorithm to convert family history information to numerical scores. 3) Present the aggregated results from the pilot testing of the protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All patients (<em>N</em> = 871) underwent a comprehensive assessment that included the family history protocol. Descriptive statistics, <em>t-</em>tests and Pearson Correlation were used to analyze the scores and determine key differences by demographic categories (sex/race/ethnicity/substance/age).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The protocol asked patients four key questions about 1st and 2nd degree relatives while completing a family pedigree. Answers were transferred into an algorithm to output a score for each patient. This score took affectedness and relatedness of each family member into account. The average number of affected relatives was 5.24 (SD=3.17), and there were significant sex, race, and primary substance score differences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides the addiction field with a novel, freely available, and easily implementable family history protocol that has several potential clinical applications. While more research is needed, pilot results provide a valuable research tool, insight into a typical family history for those at an inpatient addiction treatment center, and steps toward closing the research-to-practice gap in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refer2Quit: A pilot referral approach to promote treatment for parents who smoke tobacco through pediatric primary care

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100322

Brian P. Jenssen , Ngwi Tayong , Hannah Martin , Janani Ramachandran , Shannon Kelleher , Jeritt G. Thayer , Robert W. Grundmeier , Alexander G. Fiks , Robert A. Schnoll

Objective

Evidence-based tobacco treatments are rarely provided to household members who smoke but do not attend a child’s pediatric visit. This pilot study evaluated an electronic health record (EHR)-linked intervention leveraging pediatric visits to identify and engage household members who smoke tobacco in treatment remotely.

Methods

We conducted a single-arm prospective study with household members who smoke at a high-volume pediatric primary care practice. During preventive visits, the EHR system screened parents for tobacco use, automated treatment connections, and prompted referrals for household members who smoke. Referred household members were contacted, consented, and offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), quitline counseling, and/or SmokefreeTXT. Outcomes included feasibility (referral rate), effectiveness (treatment acceptance), and acceptability (satisfaction). A 1-month follow-up survey assessed treatment use and smoking cessation (7-day abstinence from combustible tobacco).

Results

Between April 2022 and August 2024, 3478 pediatric patients had additional household members who smoke. Of 352 (10.1 %) referred individuals, 350 were contacted; 91 (25.9 %) accepted treatment. Among these, 82 (90 %) chose NRT, 58 (64 %) chose quitline, and 64 (70 %) chose SmokefreeTXT. All participants found the referral approach acceptable. At follow-up, 54 (59 %) completed the survey; 42 (46 %) reported treatment use, and 12 (13 %) reported smoking cessation.

Conclusions

This EHR-linked intervention effectively identifies and engages household members who use tobacco in treatment, demonstrating feasibility, acceptability, and promising outcomes. These findings warrant more rigorous evaluation.

{"title":"Refer2Quit: A pilot referral approach to promote treatment for parents who smoke tobacco through pediatric primary care","authors":"Brian P. Jenssen , Ngwi Tayong , Hannah Martin , Janani Ramachandran , Shannon Kelleher , Jeritt G. Thayer , Robert W. Grundmeier , Alexander G. Fiks , Robert A. Schnoll","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Evidence-based tobacco treatments are rarely provided to household members who smoke but do not attend a child’s pediatric visit. This pilot study evaluated an electronic health record (EHR)-linked intervention leveraging pediatric visits to identify and engage household members who smoke tobacco in treatment remotely.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a single-arm prospective study with household members who smoke at a high-volume pediatric primary care practice. During preventive visits, the EHR system screened parents for tobacco use, automated treatment connections, and prompted referrals for household members who smoke. Referred household members were contacted, consented, and offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), quitline counseling, and/or SmokefreeTXT. Outcomes included feasibility (referral rate), effectiveness (treatment acceptance), and acceptability (satisfaction). A 1-month follow-up survey assessed treatment use and smoking cessation (7-day abstinence from combustible tobacco).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between April 2022 and August 2024, 3478 pediatric patients had additional household members who smoke. Of 352 (10.1 %) referred individuals, 350 were contacted; 91 (25.9 %) accepted treatment. Among these, 82 (90 %) chose NRT, 58 (64 %) chose quitline, and 64 (70 %) chose SmokefreeTXT. All participants found the referral approach acceptable. At follow-up, 54 (59 %) completed the survey; 42 (46 %) reported treatment use, and 12 (13 %) reported smoking cessation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This EHR-linked intervention effectively identifies and engages household members who use tobacco in treatment, demonstrating feasibility, acceptability, and promising outcomes. These findings warrant more rigorous evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0