Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100322
Brian P. Jenssen , Ngwi Tayong , Hannah Martin , Janani Ramachandran , Shannon Kelleher , Jeritt G. Thayer , Robert W. Grundmeier , Alexander G. Fiks , Robert A. Schnoll
Objective
Evidence-based tobacco treatments are rarely provided to household members who smoke but do not attend a child’s pediatric visit. This pilot study evaluated an electronic health record (EHR)-linked intervention leveraging pediatric visits to identify and engage household members who smoke tobacco in treatment remotely.
Methods
We conducted a single-arm prospective study with household members who smoke at a high-volume pediatric primary care practice. During preventive visits, the EHR system screened parents for tobacco use, automated treatment connections, and prompted referrals for household members who smoke. Referred household members were contacted, consented, and offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), quitline counseling, and/or SmokefreeTXT. Outcomes included feasibility (referral rate), effectiveness (treatment acceptance), and acceptability (satisfaction). A 1-month follow-up survey assessed treatment use and smoking cessation (7-day abstinence from combustible tobacco).
Results
Between April 2022 and August 2024, 3478 pediatric patients had additional household members who smoke. Of 352 (10.1 %) referred individuals, 350 were contacted; 91 (25.9 %) accepted treatment. Among these, 82 (90 %) chose NRT, 58 (64 %) chose quitline, and 64 (70 %) chose SmokefreeTXT. All participants found the referral approach acceptable. At follow-up, 54 (59 %) completed the survey; 42 (46 %) reported treatment use, and 12 (13 %) reported smoking cessation.
Conclusions
This EHR-linked intervention effectively identifies and engages household members who use tobacco in treatment, demonstrating feasibility, acceptability, and promising outcomes. These findings warrant more rigorous evaluation.
{"title":"Refer2Quit: A pilot referral approach to promote treatment for parents who smoke tobacco through pediatric primary care","authors":"Brian P. Jenssen , Ngwi Tayong , Hannah Martin , Janani Ramachandran , Shannon Kelleher , Jeritt G. Thayer , Robert W. Grundmeier , Alexander G. Fiks , Robert A. Schnoll","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Evidence-based tobacco treatments are rarely provided to household members who smoke but do not attend a child’s pediatric visit. This pilot study evaluated an electronic health record (EHR)-linked intervention leveraging pediatric visits to identify and engage household members who smoke tobacco in treatment remotely.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a single-arm prospective study with household members who smoke at a high-volume pediatric primary care practice. During preventive visits, the EHR system screened parents for tobacco use, automated treatment connections, and prompted referrals for household members who smoke. Referred household members were contacted, consented, and offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), quitline counseling, and/or SmokefreeTXT. Outcomes included feasibility (referral rate), effectiveness (treatment acceptance), and acceptability (satisfaction). A 1-month follow-up survey assessed treatment use and smoking cessation (7-day abstinence from combustible tobacco).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between April 2022 and August 2024, 3478 pediatric patients had additional household members who smoke. Of 352 (10.1 %) referred individuals, 350 were contacted; 91 (25.9 %) accepted treatment. Among these, 82 (90 %) chose NRT, 58 (64 %) chose quitline, and 64 (70 %) chose SmokefreeTXT. All participants found the referral approach acceptable. At follow-up, 54 (59 %) completed the survey; 42 (46 %) reported treatment use, and 12 (13 %) reported smoking cessation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This EHR-linked intervention effectively identifies and engages household members who use tobacco in treatment, demonstrating feasibility, acceptability, and promising outcomes. These findings warrant more rigorous evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can reduce ethanol-induced kidney damage by modulating cytokines and reducing oxidative stress.
Method
Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): CON (saline control), ET (ethanol; 3 mg/kg of 20 % ethanol gavage), HIIT (8 weeks of HIIT), HIIT-SL (saline + HIIT), and HIIT-ET (ethanol + HIIT). Kidney tissues were collected for biochemical analysis of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10); oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA); and antioxidants, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathology and serum levels of albumin, urea, and creatinine were evaluated. Statistical significance was assessed using GraphPad Prism (p < 0.05).
Results
Chronic ethanol consumption increased pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 (p < 0.0001). Histopathology revealed tubular necrosis, and hyaline casts. HIIT reduced TNF-α and IL-6 while increasing IL-10 (p < 0.0001), showing an anti-inflammatory effect. The HIIT-ET group had fewer hyaline casts and less tubular necrosis compared to the ET group, although hyperemia persisted. HIIT improved antioxidant levels (TAC, GPx, SOD) and reduced oxidative stress (MDA) (p < 0.05). Serum urea and creatinine were higher in the ET group but lower in the HIIT-ET group; albumin levels were increased with HIIT.
Conclusion
The study shows HIIT effectively reduces ET-induced kidney damage by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting it as a promising non-drug approach to manage ET-related renal issues.
{"title":"High-intensity interval training alleviates ethanol-induced renal damage: A study on inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes in rats","authors":"Najmeh Sadat Hosseini , Sara Shirazpour , Gholamreza Sepehri , Shahriar Dabiri , Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study examines if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can reduce ethanol-induced kidney damage by modulating cytokines and reducing oxidative stress.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): CON (saline control), ET (ethanol; 3<!--> <!-->mg/kg of 20 % ethanol gavage), HIIT (8 weeks of HIIT), HIIT-SL (saline + HIIT), and HIIT-ET (ethanol + HIIT). Kidney tissues were collected for biochemical analysis of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10); oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA); and antioxidants, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathology and serum levels of albumin, urea, and creatinine were evaluated. Statistical significance was assessed using GraphPad Prism (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Chronic ethanol consumption increased pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 (p < 0.0001). Histopathology revealed tubular necrosis, and hyaline casts. HIIT reduced TNF-α and IL-6 while increasing IL-10 (p < 0.0001), showing an anti-inflammatory effect. The HIIT-ET group had fewer hyaline casts and less tubular necrosis compared to the ET group, although hyperemia persisted. HIIT improved antioxidant levels (TAC, GPx, SOD) and reduced oxidative stress (MDA) (p < 0.05). Serum urea and creatinine were higher in the ET group but lower in the HIIT-ET group; albumin levels were increased with HIIT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study shows HIIT effectively reduces ET-induced kidney damage by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting it as a promising non-drug approach to manage ET-related renal issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100318
Erin L. Martin , Laura M. Campbell , Kathryn Thorn , Gregory L. Sahlem , Aimee L. McRae-Clark , Andreana Benitez
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with sexually dimorphic behavioral and neurobiological effects, but sex differences in a broader sampling of brain structures in CUD assessed relative to normative reference values have not been examined. Here, we assessed sex differences in brain regions measured via 3 T MRI in 72 adults (50 males, 22 females) with CUD. T1-weighted images, segmented via FreeSurfer, were used to derive Normative Morphometry Imaging Statistics z-scores (accounting for age, sex, intracranial volume, and image quality). Z-scores were then compared between sexes and associated with behavioral data. We found that average z-scores were within normative ranges for both sexes. There were no sex differences in total brain, cerebral white matter, and subcortical gray matter z-scores, but total cortical thickness z-scores were greater in females. Fourteen cortical regions surrounding the central and lateral sulci had greater z-scores in females than in males, but the medial orbitofrontal cortex z-score was greater in males. Of these regions, 3 were positively correlated with cannabis-related problems. Findings suggest sexual dimorphism in brain structure in CUD primarily in the frontal, medial parietal, and superior temporal lobes, with some association with cannabis-related problems even in the context of normative brain structure. Future research is needed to clarify causal mechanisms of morphometric differences in CUD.
{"title":"Sex differences in normative modeling of cortical thickness in cannabis use disorder","authors":"Erin L. Martin , Laura M. Campbell , Kathryn Thorn , Gregory L. Sahlem , Aimee L. McRae-Clark , Andreana Benitez","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with sexually dimorphic behavioral and neurobiological effects, but sex differences in a broader sampling of brain structures in CUD assessed relative to normative reference values have not been examined. Here, we assessed sex differences in brain regions measured via 3<!--> <!-->T MRI in 72 adults (50 males, 22 females) with CUD. T1-weighted images, segmented via FreeSurfer, were used to derive Normative Morphometry Imaging Statistics z-scores (accounting for age, sex, intracranial volume, and image quality). Z-scores were then compared between sexes and associated with behavioral data. We found that average z-scores were within normative ranges for both sexes. There were no sex differences in total brain, cerebral white matter, and subcortical gray matter z-scores, but total cortical thickness z-scores were greater in females. Fourteen cortical regions surrounding the central and lateral sulci had greater z-scores in females than in males, but the medial orbitofrontal cortex z-score was greater in males. Of these regions, 3 were positively correlated with cannabis-related problems. Findings suggest sexual dimorphism in brain structure in CUD primarily in the frontal, medial parietal, and superior temporal lobes, with some association with cannabis-related problems even in the context of normative brain structure. Future research is needed to clarify causal mechanisms of morphometric differences in CUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100317
Esther O. Chung , Sheila V. Patel , Lynn D. Wenger , Jamie L. Humphrey , Amang Sukasih , Ricky N. Bluthenthal , Hansel E. Tookes , Don C. Des Jarlais , Sara N. Glick , Paul A. LaKosky , Stephanie Prohaska , Laura Guzman , Alex H. Kral , Barrot H. Lambdin
Background
In response to the recent and growing shift from injecting heroin to smoking fentanyl, an increasing number of syringe services programs (SSPs) in the United States are distributing safer smoking supplies. There is a lack of research on whether safer smoking supply distribution is associated with increased SSP engagement and naloxone distribution from SSPs. Therefore, we aimed to assess predictors of safer smoking supply distribution by SSPs and estimate associations between safer smoking supply distribution and scale of harm reduction services.
Methods
We used cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Syringe Services Programs, which surveyed SSPs from March and August 2023 about services delivered in 2022. We examined factors associated with safer smoking supply distribution and estimated associations between smoking supply distribution and the number of participant encounters and naloxone doses distributed.
Results
Of the 429 SSPs included, 187 (44.1 %) distributed safer smoking supplies to participants. SSP organizational type, service delivery method, urbanicity, and regional Census divisions were associated with safer smoking supply distribution. Compared to SSPs that did not distribute safer smoking supplies, those that did reported more participant encounters (aRR=1.62, 95 % CI: 1.19–2.20) and naloxone doses distributed (aRR=1.26, 95 % CI: 0.91–1.74).
Conclusions
SSPs distributing safer smoking supplies had greater participant engagement and naloxone distribution. To maximize their full individual and population-level health benefits, SSPs should be supported technically, legally, and financially to implement safer smoking supply distribution for their participants.
{"title":"Association of safer smoking supply distribution with participant encounters and naloxone distribution from syringe services programs: Findings from the National Survey of Syringe Services Programs in the United States","authors":"Esther O. Chung , Sheila V. Patel , Lynn D. Wenger , Jamie L. Humphrey , Amang Sukasih , Ricky N. Bluthenthal , Hansel E. Tookes , Don C. Des Jarlais , Sara N. Glick , Paul A. LaKosky , Stephanie Prohaska , Laura Guzman , Alex H. Kral , Barrot H. Lambdin","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In response to the recent and growing shift from injecting heroin to smoking fentanyl, an increasing number of syringe services programs (SSPs) in the United States are distributing safer smoking supplies. There is a lack of research on whether safer smoking supply distribution is associated with increased SSP engagement and naloxone distribution from SSPs. Therefore, we aimed to assess predictors of safer smoking supply distribution by SSPs and estimate associations between safer smoking supply distribution and scale of harm reduction services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Syringe Services Programs, which surveyed SSPs from March and August 2023 about services delivered in 2022. We examined factors associated with safer smoking supply distribution and estimated associations between smoking supply distribution and the number of participant encounters and naloxone doses distributed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 429 SSPs included, 187 (44.1 %) distributed safer smoking supplies to participants. SSP organizational type, service delivery method, urbanicity, and regional Census divisions were associated with safer smoking supply distribution. Compared to SSPs that did not distribute safer smoking supplies, those that did reported more participant encounters (aRR=1.62, 95 % CI: 1.19–2.20) and naloxone doses distributed (aRR=1.26, 95 % CI: 0.91–1.74).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SSPs distributing safer smoking supplies had greater participant engagement and naloxone distribution. To maximize their full individual and population-level health benefits, SSPs should be supported technically, legally, and financially to implement safer smoking supply distribution for their participants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methamphetamine use is related to severe health, social, and criminal challenges. However, there is limited evidence regarding the factors associated with the recurrence of drug use among individuals who have used methamphetamine, particularly within populations involved in the criminal justice system. This study aimed to identify predictors of illicit drug use at a one-year follow-up among males in Japan who have used methamphetamine and are involved in the criminal justice system.
Methods
The study participants were adult males on probation due to methamphetamine use or possession and were involved in a community-based program. The participants were recruited early in their probation period and participated in telephone-based surveys conducted by mental health center staff. We analyzed one-year follow-up data to investigate the recurrence rate of illicit drug use and associated risk factors using multiple logistic regression.
Results
Out of 234 participants, 27 (11.5 %) used illicit drugs during the one-year follow-up period. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, severity of drug use, type of probation, and use of treatment for substance use disorders, the use of social welfare services (OR = 2.78) and a lack of trustworthy relationships (OR = 3.17) were significantly associated with recurrence of illicit drug use.
Conclusions
This study suggested that individuals facing challenges in maintaining stable living conditions and building trustworthy relationships were more likely to return to drug use early in their probation period. Comprehensive and tailored support focused on social stabilization and relationship-building is recommended to aid recovery in males who have experienced methamphetamine use.
{"title":"Predictors for recurrence of drug use among males on probation for methamphetamine use in Japan: a one-year follow-up study","authors":"Ayumi Takano , Kunihiko Takahashi , Tatsuhiko Anzai , Takashi Usami , Shiori Tsutsumi , Yuka Kanazawa , Yousuke Kumakura , Toshihiko Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Methamphetamine use is related to severe health, social, and criminal challenges. However, there is limited evidence regarding the factors associated with the recurrence of drug use among individuals who have used methamphetamine, particularly within populations involved in the criminal justice system. This study aimed to identify predictors of illicit drug use at a one-year follow-up among males in Japan who have used methamphetamine and are involved in the criminal justice system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study participants were adult males on probation due to methamphetamine use or possession and were involved in a community-based program. The participants were recruited early in their probation period and participated in telephone-based surveys conducted by mental health center staff. We analyzed one-year follow-up data to investigate the recurrence rate of illicit drug use and associated risk factors using multiple logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 234 participants, 27 (11.5 %) used illicit drugs during the one-year follow-up period. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, severity of drug use, type of probation, and use of treatment for substance use disorders, the use of social welfare services (OR = 2.78) and a lack of trustworthy relationships (OR = 3.17) were significantly associated with recurrence of illicit drug use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggested that individuals facing challenges in maintaining stable living conditions and building trustworthy relationships were more likely to return to drug use early in their probation period. Comprehensive and tailored support focused on social stabilization and relationship-building is recommended to aid recovery in males who have experienced methamphetamine use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100314
Suhaavi Kochhar , Hanneke Scholten , Dominique F Maciejewski , Michelle A Pingel , Maartje Luijten
Introduction
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is popular in smoking research to study time-varying processes and design just-in-time personalised cessation interventions. Yet, research examining the psychometric properties of EMA and user experiences with EMA protocols is lacking. We conducted a mixed-methods study to test the EMA component of a mobile intervention for middle to late-aged adolescents (16–20 years) who smoke cigarettes at least weekly.
Method
Participants (N = 84) filled out global self-report measures at pre- and post-test, and reported their craving, mood, and smoking behaviour five times daily for seven days via their phones. We tested intra-class correlations, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and multilevel internal consistency of the EMA items. Further, participants answered qualitative questions about their experiences with the EMA including the timing and frequency of assessments, clarity of individual items, and how it impacted their daily lives.
Results
The EMA questionnaires showed good convergent validity and reliability. The average compliance rate was 77 %, and generally, participants evaluated the experience positively. While most participants rated the timing and frequency of EMA positively, some participants did not like that assessments expired after 1.5 h. Forty percent of participants also reported that they liked monitoring their smoking and mood.
Conclusions
The use of EMA in our target group is feasible and had good compliance. The items used are suitable for researchers to use in future studies. We urge researchers to test the psychometric quality and feasibility of new EMA protocols before using them in confirmatory research.
导言：生态瞬间评估（EMA）在吸烟研究中非常流行，用于研究时间变化过程和设计适时的个性化戒烟干预措施。然而，有关 EMA 心理测量特性和用户使用 EMA 协议体验的研究却十分缺乏。我们开展了一项混合方法研究，以测试针对至少每周吸烟的中晚年青少年（16-20 岁）的移动干预中的 EMA 部分：参与者（84 人）在测试前和测试后填写了全面的自我报告，并在七天内每天五次通过手机报告他们的渴望、情绪和吸烟行为。我们测试了 EMA 项目的类内相关性、收敛有效性、重测可靠性和多层次内部一致性。此外，参与者还回答了有关他们使用 EMA 的体验的定性问题，包括评估的时间和频率、单个项目的清晰度以及 EMA 对他们日常生活的影响：EMA 问卷显示出良好的收敛效度和可靠性。平均符合率为 77%，参与者普遍对此次体验给予了积极评价。虽然大多数参与者对 EMA 的时间和频率给予了积极评价，但一些参与者不喜欢评估在 1.5 小时后失效。40%的参与者还表示，他们喜欢监测自己的吸烟情况和情绪：结论：在我们的目标群体中使用 EMA 是可行的，而且依从性良好。所使用的项目适合研究人员在今后的研究中使用。我们敦促研究人员在将新的 EMA 方案用于确证研究之前，对其心理测量质量和可行性进行测试。
{"title":"A mixed-methods investigation of an ecological momentary assessment protocol for cigarette-smoking youth: Psychometric properties and participant experiences","authors":"Suhaavi Kochhar , Hanneke Scholten , Dominique F Maciejewski , Michelle A Pingel , Maartje Luijten","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is popular in smoking research to study time-varying processes and design just-in-time personalised cessation interventions. Yet, research examining the psychometric properties of EMA and user experiences with EMA protocols is lacking. We conducted a mixed-methods study to test the EMA component of a mobile intervention for middle to late-aged adolescents (16–20 years) who smoke cigarettes at least weekly.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 84) filled out global self-report measures at pre- and post-test, and reported their craving, mood, and smoking behaviour five times daily for seven days via their phones. We tested intra-class correlations, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and multilevel internal consistency of the EMA items. Further, participants answered qualitative questions about their experiences with the EMA including the timing and frequency of assessments, clarity of individual items, and how it impacted their daily lives.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EMA questionnaires showed good convergent validity and reliability. The average compliance rate was 77 %, and generally, participants evaluated the experience positively. While most participants rated the timing and frequency of EMA positively, some participants did not like that assessments expired after 1.5<!--> <!-->h. Forty percent of participants also reported that they liked monitoring their smoking and mood.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of EMA in our target group is feasible and had good compliance. The items used are suitable for researchers to use in future studies. We urge researchers to test the psychometric quality and feasibility of new EMA protocols before using them in confirmatory research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100315
Daniel Tolstrup , Sarah T. Roberts , Ruth Deya , George Wanje , Juma Shafi , Jocelyn R. James , Geetanjali Chander , R. Scott McClelland , Susan M. Graham
Aim
Unhealthy alcohol use is often correlated with experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). We investigated how different types of IPV (sexual, physical, emotional, and financial) were associated with unhealthy alcohol use among women engaged in sex work in Mombasa, Kenya.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 283 HIV-negative women who engaged in sex work recruited from an ongoing cohort study. Modified Poisson analysis was used to assess associations between recent (≤ 12 months) or past (> 12 months) experiences of sexual, physical, emotional, or financial IPV and unhealthy alcohol use defined as an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score ≥ 8.
Results
Among 283 participants, 34.6 % had unhealthy alcohol use. Physical (62.5 %), emotional (60.4 %), and financial (66.4 %) IPV occurred more frequently than sexual IPV (43.8 %). Adjusted risk ratios (ARR) for relationships between physical and financial IPV and unhealthy alcohol use were elevated but not statistically significant. Compared to participants who had not experienced sexual IPV, those who had experienced recent or past sexual IPV had an increased risk of unhealthy alcohol use (ARR 1.56, 95 % confidence interval [1.09, 2.23] and ARR 1.48, 95 % confidence interval [0.97, 2.25], respectively).
Conclusion
Sexual IPV was associated with unhealthy alcohol use among Kenyan women who engage in sex work. Physical, emotional, and financial IPV were also highly prevalent in the study population, though not associated with unhealthy alcohol use. These findings affirm the potential benefit of providing integrated IPV and alcohol treatment services focused on recovery after experiences of IPV for this vulnerable population.
{"title":"Intimate partner sexual violence is associated with unhealthy alcohol use among Kenyan women engaged in sex work","authors":"Daniel Tolstrup , Sarah T. Roberts , Ruth Deya , George Wanje , Juma Shafi , Jocelyn R. James , Geetanjali Chander , R. Scott McClelland , Susan M. Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Unhealthy alcohol use is often correlated with experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). We investigated how different types of IPV (sexual, physical, emotional, and financial) were associated with unhealthy alcohol use among women engaged in sex work in Mombasa, Kenya.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 283 HIV-negative women who engaged in sex work recruited from an ongoing cohort study. Modified Poisson analysis was used to assess associations between recent (≤ 12 months) or past (> 12 months) experiences of sexual, physical, emotional, or financial IPV and unhealthy alcohol use defined as an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score ≥ 8.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 283 participants, 34.6 % had unhealthy alcohol use. Physical (62.5 %), emotional (60.4 %), and financial (66.4 %) IPV occurred more frequently than sexual IPV (43.8 %). Adjusted risk ratios (ARR) for relationships between physical and financial IPV and unhealthy alcohol use were elevated but not statistically significant. Compared to participants who had not experienced sexual IPV, those who had experienced recent or past sexual IPV had an increased risk of unhealthy alcohol use (ARR 1.56, 95 % confidence interval [1.09, 2.23] and ARR 1.48, 95 % confidence interval [0.97, 2.25], respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sexual IPV was associated with unhealthy alcohol use among Kenyan women who engage in sex work. Physical, emotional, and financial IPV were also highly prevalent in the study population, though not associated with unhealthy alcohol use. These findings affirm the potential benefit of providing integrated IPV and alcohol treatment services focused on recovery after experiences of IPV for this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100313
Belina Rodrigues , Nicolas Bertholet , Jean-Bernard Daeppen , Jacques Gaume
Introduction
The influence of age on brief motivational interventions (BMI) effects remains unknown. In the present study, we explored whether change in alcohol consumption after BMI differs across age groups and whether these differences are reflected in motivational interviewing (MI) counsellor skills.
Method
Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial among emergency room (ER) patients screened for unhealthy alcohol consumption. Participants (N = 97, 80 % men, 18–21 y: 19.6 %, 22–29 y: 22.7 %, 30–49 y: 34.0 % and ≥50 y: 23.7 %) received a single BMI in the ER, which was coded using the MI Skills Code 2.0. Alcohol outcomes were measured at 12-month. First, we tested whether BMI effect varied by age group using negative binomial regression for weekly drinking consumption, and logistic regression for change to low-risk drinking. Second, MI counsellor skills (global ratings of empathy, MI spirit and acceptance, and percentages of open questions, complex reflections (CR) and MI-consistent behaviors) were examined through one-way ANOVA or Welch test.
Results
The 22–29 y group i) reported lower consumption at follow-up compared to the 30–49 y group (IRR=1.60, p = .04) and the ≥ 50 y group (IRR=1.67, p = .03), and ii) was more likely to change to low-risk drinking than the 18–21 y group (OR=11.25, p = .04). When comparing MI counsellor skills across age groups, higher empathy ratings (F(3,93)= 2.70, p = .05) and a higher percentage of CR (F(3,93)= 4.10, p = .009) were recorded for the 22–29 y group.
Conclusion
This exploratory study shows that BMI was associated with significantly better 12-month alcohol outcomes among patients aged 22–29 years, which corresponded with higher counsellor empathy ratings and percentage of CR.
年龄对短暂动机干预（BMI）效应的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们探讨了不同年龄组BMI后饮酒的变化是否不同，以及这些差异是否反映在动机访谈（MI）咨询师技能中。方法：对筛查出不健康饮酒的急诊室（ER）患者的随机对照试验进行二次分析。参与者（N = 97, 80%男性，18-21岁：19.6%，22-29岁：22.7%，30-49岁：34.0%和≥50岁：23.7%）在急诊室接受单一BMI，使用MI技能编码2.0进行编码。在12个月时测量酒精的结果。首先，我们通过对每周饮酒量的负二项回归和对低风险饮酒变化的逻辑回归，检验了BMI效应是否因年龄组而异。其次，通过单因素方差分析或韦尔奇检验，检验心理咨询师的技能（共情、心理咨询精神和接受度的总体评分，以及开放性问题、复杂反思（CR）和心理咨询一致行为的百分比）。结果：与30-49岁组（IRR=1.60, p = 0.04）和≥50岁组（IRR=1.67, p = 0.03）相比，22-29岁组（i)在随访时报告的饮酒量较低（IRR=1.60, p = 0.04）， ii）比18-21岁组更容易转变为低风险饮酒（OR=11.25, p = 0.04）。当比较不同年龄组的心理咨询师技能时，22-29岁年龄组的共情评分较高（F(3,93)= 2.70, p = 0.05）， CR百分比较高（F(3,93)= 4.10, p = 0.009）。结论：本探索性研究表明，在22-29岁的患者中，BMI与12个月的酒精预后显著相关，这与更高的咨询师共情评分和CR百分比相对应。
{"title":"The influence of age on brief motivational intervention for unhealthy alcohol use","authors":"Belina Rodrigues , Nicolas Bertholet , Jean-Bernard Daeppen , Jacques Gaume","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The influence of age on brief motivational interventions (BMI) effects remains unknown. In the present study, we explored whether change in alcohol consumption after BMI differs across age groups and whether these differences are reflected in motivational interviewing (MI) counsellor skills.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial among emergency room (ER) patients screened for unhealthy alcohol consumption. Participants (N = 97, 80 % men, 18–21<!--> <!-->y: 19.6 %, 22–29<!--> <!-->y: 22.7 %, 30–49<!--> <!-->y: 34.0 % and ≥50<!--> <!-->y: 23.7 %) received a single BMI in the ER, which was coded using the MI Skills Code 2.0. Alcohol outcomes were measured at 12-month. First, we tested whether BMI effect varied by age group using negative binomial regression for weekly drinking consumption, and logistic regression for change to low-risk drinking. Second, MI counsellor skills (global ratings of empathy, MI spirit and acceptance, and percentages of open questions, complex reflections (CR) and MI-consistent behaviors) were examined through one-way ANOVA or Welch test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 22–29<!--> <!-->y group i) reported lower consumption at follow-up compared to the 30–49<!--> <!-->y group (IRR=1.60, <em>p</em> = .04) and the ≥ 50<!--> <!-->y group (IRR=1.67, <em>p</em> = .03), and ii) was more likely to change to low-risk drinking than the 18–21<!--> <!-->y group (OR=11.25, <em>p</em> = .04). When comparing MI counsellor skills across age groups, higher empathy ratings (F(3,93)= 2.70, <em>p</em> = .05) and a higher percentage of CR (F(3,93)= 4.10, <em>p</em> = .009) were recorded for the 22–29<!--> <!-->y group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This exploratory study shows that BMI was associated with significantly better 12-month alcohol outcomes among patients aged 22–29 years, which corresponded with higher counsellor empathy ratings and percentage of CR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100311
Olivia C. Reynolds , Kathleen F. Carlson , Adam J. Gordon , Robert L. Handley , Benjamin J. Morasco , Todd P. Korthuis , Travis I. Lovejoy , Jessica J. Wyse
Aim
We examined differences in medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) receipt between rural and urban veteran patients following initiatives within the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to expand access to MOUD.
Methods
Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse, which contains national electronic health record data for all VA patients. The analytic sample included all patients diagnosed with OUD from 10/1/2018–9/30/20. Rurality was identified by the Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code of patients’ home address. Associations between rurality and MOUD receipt, as well as type of MOUD received, were examined using logistic regression.
Results
Among 66,842 patients with OUD, 27.4 % were rural residents. Compared to urban patients, rural patients were slightly younger (50.1 vs. 52.5 years), more often white (87.7 % vs. 70.3 %) and less often received MOUD (42.6 % vs 45.5 %). Multivariable models confirmed that rural patients had a lower likelihood of accessing any form of MOUD (aOR= 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.81–0.87) relative to urban VA patients. Medication-specific analyses identified a lower likelihood of receiving methadone (aOR= 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.33–0.39) and naltrexone (aOR= 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.80–0.99) among rural patients, but higher likelihood of receiving buprenorphine (aOR= 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.09).
Conclusion
Rural VA patients have a lower likelihood of receiving methadone and naltrexone for OUD treatment relative to urban patients, but greater likelihood of receiving buprenorphine. Continued work is needed to ensure that rural Veterans have equitable access to the most appropriate medication for their health care needs.
{"title":"Receipt of medications for opioid use disorder among rural and urban veterans health administration patients","authors":"Olivia C. Reynolds , Kathleen F. Carlson , Adam J. Gordon , Robert L. Handley , Benjamin J. Morasco , Todd P. Korthuis , Travis I. Lovejoy , Jessica J. Wyse","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We examined differences in medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) receipt between rural and urban veteran patients following initiatives within the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to expand access to MOUD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse, which contains national electronic health record data for all VA patients. The analytic sample included all patients diagnosed with OUD from 10/1/2018–9/30/20. Rurality was identified by the Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code of patients’ home address. Associations between rurality and MOUD receipt, as well as type of MOUD received, were examined using logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 66,842 patients with OUD, 27.4 % were rural residents. Compared to urban patients, rural patients were slightly younger (50.1 vs. 52.5 years), more often white (87.7 % vs. 70.3 %) and less often received MOUD (42.6 % vs 45.5 %). Multivariable models confirmed that rural patients had a lower likelihood of accessing any form of MOUD (aOR= 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.81–0.87) relative to urban VA patients. Medication-specific analyses identified a lower likelihood of receiving methadone (aOR= 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.33–0.39) and naltrexone (aOR= 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.80–0.99) among rural patients, but higher likelihood of receiving buprenorphine (aOR= 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.09).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rural VA patients have a lower likelihood of receiving methadone and naltrexone for OUD treatment relative to urban patients, but greater likelihood of receiving buprenorphine. Continued work is needed to ensure that rural Veterans have equitable access to the most appropriate medication for their health care needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100310
Alison Athey , Jaimie Shaff , Geoffrey Kahn , Kathryn Brodie , Taylor C. Ryan , Holly Sawyer , Aubrey DeVinney , Paul S. Nestadt , Holly C. Wilcox
Background
Rates of suicide mortality and substance use have increased globally. We updated and extended existing systematic reviews of the association between substance use and suicide.
Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the association between substance use and suicide mortality in peer reviewed, longitudinal cohort studies published from 2003 through 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled data were analyzed using a quality effects model. Meta-regression was used to assess the effect of moderation by study quality. Asymmetry in funnel plots and Doi plots were used to detect reporting bias.
Findings
The analysis involved 47 studies from 12 countries. Substance misuse (SMR: 5.58, 95 % CI: 3.63–8.57, I2: 99 %) was significantly associated with risk for suicide. Alcohol (SMR: 65.39, 95 % CI: 3.02–19.62, I2: 99 %), tobacco (SMR: 1.83, 95 % CI: 1.20–2.79, I2: 83 %), opioid (SMR: 5.46, 95 % CI: 3.66–8.15, I2: 96 %), cannabis (SMR 3.31, 95 % CI: 1.42–7.70, I2: 95 %), and amphetamine (SMR 11.97, 95 % CI: 3.13–45.74, I2: 99 %) misuse were each linked to higher rates of suicide mortality. The association between substance misuse and suicide was stronger for females (SMR: 12.37, 95 % CI: 7.07–21.63, I2: 98 %) than males (SMR: 5.21, 95 % CI: 3.09–8.78, I2: 99 %) overall and in analyses of specific substances. Further disaggregated data were not available to sufficiently explore for potential health inequities across social factors.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis highlights that substance misuse remains a significant suicide risk factor. It underscores the need for universal and targeted prevention and equitable access to effective interventions.
{"title":"Association of substance use with suicide mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Alison Athey , Jaimie Shaff , Geoffrey Kahn , Kathryn Brodie , Taylor C. Ryan , Holly Sawyer , Aubrey DeVinney , Paul S. Nestadt , Holly C. Wilcox","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rates of suicide mortality and substance use have increased globally. We updated and extended existing systematic reviews of the association between substance use and suicide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the association between substance use and suicide mortality in peer reviewed, longitudinal cohort studies published from 2003 through 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled data were analyzed using a quality effects model. Meta-regression was used to assess the effect of moderation by study quality. Asymmetry in funnel plots and Doi plots were used to detect reporting bias.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The analysis involved 47 studies from 12 countries. Substance misuse (SMR: 5.58, 95 % CI: 3.63–8.57, I<sup>2</sup>: 99 %) was significantly associated with risk for suicide. Alcohol (SMR: 65.39, 95 % CI: 3.02–19.62, I<sup>2</sup>: 99 %), tobacco (SMR: 1.83, 95 % CI: 1.20–2.79, I<sup>2</sup>: 83 %), opioid (SMR: 5.46, 95 % CI: 3.66–8.15, I<sup>2</sup>: 96 %), cannabis (SMR 3.31, 95 % CI: 1.42–7.70, I<sup>2</sup>: 95 %), and amphetamine (SMR 11.97, 95 % CI: 3.13–45.74, I<sup>2</sup>: 99 %) misuse were each linked to higher rates of suicide mortality. The association between substance misuse and suicide was stronger for females (SMR: 12.37, 95 % CI: 7.07–21.63, I<sup>2</sup>: 98 %) than males (SMR: 5.21, 95 % CI: 3.09–8.78, I<sup>2</sup>: 99 %) overall and in analyses of specific substances. Further disaggregated data were not available to sufficiently explore for potential health inequities across social factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This meta-analysis highlights that substance misuse remains a significant suicide risk factor. It underscores the need for universal and targeted prevention and equitable access to effective interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11741031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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