Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献_第10页

Lifetime use of alcohol and cannabis among U.S. adolescents across age: Exploring differential patterns by sex and race/ethnicity using the 2019 NSDUH data 美国各年龄段青少年终生使用酒精和大麻的情况：利用 2019 年 NSDUH 数据探索不同性别和种族/族裔的差异模式

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100214

Mehdi Farokhnia , Julia C. Harris , Shannon N. Speed , Lorenzo Leggio , Renee M. Johnson

Background

Early use of alcohol and cannabis is associated with health and social problems. It is unclear how lifetime use changes for each additional year of age during adolescence, and whether this change varies by sex and race/ethnicity. This study characterized lifetime rates of alcohol and cannabis use by age among 12- to 17-year-old American youth and explored differential patterns by sex and race/ethnicity.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Analyses were restricted to 12–17-year-olds who were non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic/Latino (n = 11,830). We estimated the increase in lifetime use of alcohol and cannabis by age for the full sample and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Slopes of the regression lines were compared to assess differential patterns across groups.

Results

In these cross-sectional analyses, reported lifetime use increased substantially from age 12 to 17 for alcohol (6.4 % to 53.2 %) and cannabis (1.3 % to 35.9 %). The increase in lifetime alcohol use was slightly, but not significantly, steeper among girls than boys (F_1,8 = 3.40, p = 0.09). White and Latino youth showed similar rates of increase in lifetime alcohol use, which was significantly flatter among Black youth (F_2,12=21.26, p<0.0001). Latino youth had a slightly, but not significantly, steeper increase in lifetime cannabis use than White and Black youth (F_2,12=3.17, p = 0.07).

Conclusions

Reports of lifetime alcohol and cannabis use substantially increase from age 12 to 17 and the rates are different according to sex and race/ethnicity, highlighting the need for early and tailored substance use prevention in adolescents.

背景早期使用酒精和大麻与健康和社会问题有关。目前还不清楚青春期年龄每增加一岁，终生使用酒精和大麻的情况会发生怎样的变化，也不清楚这种变化是否因性别和种族/民族而异。本研究描述了 12-17 岁美国青少年按年龄划分的终生酒精和大麻使用率，并探讨了按性别和种族/族裔划分的不同模式。分析仅限于 12-17 岁的非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人或西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人（n = 11,830）。我们估算了全部样本中按年龄以及按性别和种族/族裔分层的终生使用酒精和大麻的增长情况。结果在这些横截面分析中，12 至 17 岁期间报告的终生使用酒精（6.4% 至 53.2%）和大麻（1.3% 至 35.9%）的比例大幅上升。与男孩相比，女孩终生饮酒率的增长略微陡峭，但并不明显（F1,8 = 3.40，p = 0.09）。白人和拉美裔青少年终生饮酒量的增长速度相似，而黑人青少年的增长速度明显较平（F2,12=21.26，p<0.0001）。结论12至17岁青少年终生酗酒和吸食大麻的比例大幅上升，而且不同性别和种族/族裔的青少年酗酒和吸食大麻的比例也不同，这凸显了对青少年进行早期和有针对性的药物使用预防的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Pilot study of a community pharmacist led program to treat hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs 社区药剂师领导的丙型肝炎病毒注射吸毒者治疗项目试点研究

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100213

J.I. Tsui , A.J. Gojic , K.A. Pierce , E.L. Tung , N.C. Connolly , A.C. Radick , R.R. Hunt , R. Sandvold , K. Taber , M. Ninburg , R.H. Kubiniec , J.D. Scott , R.N. Hansen , J.D. Stekler , E.J. Austin , E.C. Williams , S.N. Glick

Background

People who inject drugs (PWID) are a key population for treatment with direct-acting antiviral medications (DAAs) to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV). We developed a Pharmacist, Physician, and Patient Navigator Collaborative Care Model (PPP-CCM) for delivery of HCV treatment; this study describes clinical outcomes related to HCV treatment (initial evaluation, treatment initiation, completion, and cure), as well as patient satisfaction.

Methods

We conducted a single-arm prospective pilot study of adult PWID living with HCV. Participants completed baseline and six-month follow-up surveys, and treatment and outcomes were abstracted from electronic health records. Primary outcome was linkage to pharmacist for HCV evaluation; secondary outcomes included DAA initiation, completion, and cure, as well as patient-reported satisfaction.

Results

Of the 40 PWID enrolled, mean age was 43.6 years, 12 (30 %) were female, 20 (50 %) were non-white, and 15 (38 %) were unhoused. Thirty-eight (95 %) were successfully linked to the pharmacist for initial evaluation. Of those, 21/38 (55 %) initiated DAAs, and 16/21 (76 %) completed treatment. Among those completing treatment who had viral load data to document whether they achieved “sustained virologic response", i.e. cure, 10/11 (91 %) were found to be cured. There was high satisfaction with 100 % responding “agree or strongly agree” that they had a positive experience with the pharmacist.

Conclusion

Nearly all participants in this pilot were successfully linked to the pharmacist for evaluation, and more than half were started on DAAs; results provide preliminary evidence of feasibility of pharmacist-led models of HCV treatment for PWID.

Clinicaltrials.gov registration number

NCT04698629.

背景注射吸毒者（PWID）是接受直接作用抗病毒药物（DAAs）治疗以消除丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的主要人群。我们开发了一种药剂师、医生和患者导航协作护理模式（PPP-CCM），用于提供 HCV 治疗；本研究描述了与 HCV 治疗相关的临床结果（初始评估、治疗开始、完成和治愈）以及患者满意度。方法我们对感染 HCV 的成年注射吸毒者进行了一项单臂前瞻性试点研究。参与者完成了基线调查和为期 6 个月的随访调查，并从电子健康记录中摘录了治疗情况和结果。主要结果是与药剂师联系进行 HCV 评估；次要结果包括 DAA 的启动、完成和治愈情况，以及患者报告的满意度。结果在 40 名参与研究的感染者中，平均年龄为 43.6 岁，12 人（30%）为女性，20 人（50%）为非白人，15 人（38%）无住房。有 38 人（95%）成功联系到药剂师进行初步评估。其中，21/38（55%）人开始接受 DAAs 治疗，16/21（76%）人完成了治疗。在完成治疗并有病毒载量数据证明其是否获得 "持续病毒学应答"（即治愈）的患者中，10/11（91%）人被认定治愈。结论几乎所有参与该试点项目的人都成功联系到了药剂师进行评估，一半以上的人开始服用DAAs；结果初步证明了以药剂师为主导的PWID HCV治疗模式的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

The association between attitudes and the provision of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in United States jails 美国监狱对阿片类药物使用失调（MOUD）的态度与药物提供之间的关系

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100211

Aly Pfaff , Amy Cochran , Jessi Vechinski , Todd Molfenter , Gabriel Zayas-Cabán

Background

Opioid use disorder is prevalent among individuals who are incarcerated, yet medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are not widely available in United States jails and prisons. Negative staff attitudes across the criminal legal system may prevent MOUD from being provided. We sought to determine if staff attitudes are associated with the provision of MOUD in prisons or jails.

Methods

227 staff members of 43 jails and partnering community-based treatment providers answered questions on the effectiveness and acceptability of methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Response patterns were summarized with principal component analysis. Mixed-effects regression was performed to determine if attitudes toward MOUD were associated with the number of individuals screened and diagnosed with an OUD, referred to treatment, provided MOUD and referred to treatment after release.

Results

Sites whose staff had negative attitudes towards methadone and positive attitudes towards naltrexone were associated with fewer people being screened (Mean ratio [MR] = 0.84, 95 % CI: [0.72, 0.97]), diagnosed (MR = 0.85, 95 % CI: [0.73, 0.99]), referred (MR = 0.76, 95 % CI: [0.65, 0.89]), provided MOUD (MR = 0.70, 95 % CI: [0.58, 0.84]), and referred after release (MR = 0.82, 95 % CI: [0.72, 0.94]). Sites with overall positive attitudes towards all MOUD were associated with more people being screened (MR = 1.16, 95 % CI: [1.01, 1.34]), diagnosed (MR = 1.37, 95 % CI: [1.18, 1.60]), and referred to treatment (MR = 1.41, 95 % CI: [1.20, 1.65]).

Conclusions

Attitudinal barriers exist in the criminal legal system and are associated with the provision of MOUD.

背景阿片类药物使用障碍在被监禁者中十分普遍，但治疗阿片类药物使用障碍（MOUD）的药物在美国的监狱和看守所中并不常见。刑事法律系统中工作人员的消极态度可能会阻碍阿片类药物的提供。我们试图确定工作人员的态度是否与监狱或看守所提供 MOUD 有关。方法 43 家看守所和合作社区治疗机构的 227 名工作人员回答了有关美沙酮、丁丙诺啡和纳曲酮的有效性和可接受性的问题。通过主成分分析总结了回答模式。进行了混合效应回归，以确定对 MOUD 的态度是否与筛查和诊断为 OUD、转诊治疗、提供 MOUD 以及释放后转诊治疗的人数有关。结果如果工作人员对美沙酮持消极态度，而对纳曲酮持积极态度，则接受筛查（平均比率 [MR] = 0.84，95 % CI：[0.72, 0.97]）、诊断（MR = 0.85，95 % CI：[0.73，0.99]）、转诊（MR = 0.76，95 % CI：[0.65，0.89]）、提供 MOUD（MR = 0.70，95 % CI：[0.58，0.84]）和出院后转诊（MR = 0.82，95 % CI：[0.72，0.94]）的人数较少。总体上对所有 MOUD 持积极态度的地点与更多人接受筛查（MR = 1.16，95 % CI：[1.01, 1.34]）、诊断（MR = 1.37，95 % CI：[1.18, 1.60]）和转诊治疗（MR = 1.41，95 % CI：[1.20, 1.65]）有关。

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引用次数: 0

The risk of opioid use disorder among women undergoing obstetric-related procedures: Results from the Cerner Real-World Database 接受产科相关手术的妇女出现阿片类药物使用障碍的风险：来自 Cerner 真实世界数据库的结果

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100210

Fares Qeadan , Benjamin Tingey , Nana Akofua Mensah

Introduction

While the relationship between various obstetric procedures and the onset of opioid use disorder (OUD) remains ambiguous, this study aims to elucidate the immediate and prolonged risks of OUD in women who have undergone procedures such as vaginal and cesarean deliveries, induced abortions, and treatments related to miscarriages and ectopic pregnancies.

Methods

Retrospective data (n = 632,872) from the Cerner Real-World Data™ for pregnant females (age 15–44) between January 2010 and March 2020 were used. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare odds of OUD for each obstetric outcome to normal vaginal delivery using multivariable logistic regression. New opioid prescriptions and persistent opioid prescriptions were secondary outcomes for which modified Poisson regression models were used.

Results

Compared to patients with a vaginal delivery, those with an ectopic pregnancy, a cesarean delivery, miscarriage, and an induced abortion had 84%, 46%, 119%, and 131% significantly higher odds of OUD (aOR [95% CI]: 1.84 [1.36, 2.48], 1.46 [1.29, 1.65], 2.19 [1.94, 2.47], and 2.31 [1.80, 2.96]) respectively. Among opioid naïve patients, all other obstetric procedure groups (besides miscarriage) had significantly higher risk of being prescribed new opioids than those with a vaginal delivery. Among those newly prescribed opioids, patients from all other obstetric procedure groups demonstrated a significantly higher risk of persistent opioid prescription compared to those who had a vaginal delivery.

Conclusion

The association between specific obstetric outcomes, notably miscarriage and induced abortions, and opioid use patterns should inform safer and more effective pain management in a maternal population.

导言虽然各种产科手术与阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）发病之间的关系仍不明确，但本研究旨在阐明接受过阴道分娩和剖宫产、人工流产以及流产和异位妊娠相关治疗等手术的女性患 OUD 的直接风险和长期风险。方法使用 Cerner Real-World Data™ 提供的 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 3 月期间怀孕女性（15-44 岁）的回顾性数据（n=632,872）。使用多变量逻辑回归法比较了每种产科结果中 OUD 与正常阴道分娩的几率，并使用了调整后的几率比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。结果与阴道分娩患者相比，宫外孕、剖宫产、流产和人工流产患者的 OUD 发生几率分别为 84%、46%、119% 和 131%（aOR [95% CI]：分别为 1.84 [1.36, 2.48]、1.46 [1.29, 1.65]、2.19 [1.94, 2.47] 和 2.31 [1.80, 2.96]）。在阿片类药物的新患者中，所有其他产科手术组（除流产外）患者获得新阿片类药物处方的风险均明显高于阴道分娩患者。结论特定产科结果（尤其是流产和人工流产）与阿片类药物使用模式之间的关联应能为孕产妇人群提供更安全、更有效的疼痛管理。

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引用次数: 0

Retail chain pharmacy opioid dispensing practices from 1997 to 2020: A content analysis of internal industry documents 1997 年至 2020 年零售连锁药店阿片类药物配药实践：行业内部文件内容分析

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100199

Clever Chiu, Anthony Wong, James Chhen, Alfred-John (A.J.) Roderos, Dorie E. Apollonio

Context

Lawsuits have determined that community pharmacy chains played a crucial role in the opioid epidemic. However, little research has assessed community pharmacy practices. This study sought to understand the contribution of pharmacies to the opioid epidemic through improper opioid prescription dispensing.

Methods

We conducted an observational, retrospective content analysis that assessed the opioid dispensing practices of a retail community pharmacy chain, Walgreens, using pharmaceutical industry documents released in litigation between 1997 and 2020. The documents were retrieved from the Opioids Industry Document Archive (OIDA) at the University of California, San Francisco and reviewed to identify themes and identify organizational practices.

Findings

We identified four primary factors that may have contributed to improper opioid dispensing practices: store-level procedures, management pressure, distribution center activities, and pharmaceutical company sponsorship. Stores dispensed opioid prescriptions without resolving red flags, management pressured pharmacists to fill more opioid prescriptions, distribution centers failed to investigate high volume orders, and pharmaceutical companies sponsored pharmacist continuing education advocating for opioid pain management.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that Walgreens may have contributed to the early prescription opioid epidemic through improper opioid dispensing and also identify key practices that could be reformed to reduce the risk of future inappropriate dispensing of addictive and potentially harmful medications.

背景诉讼认定社区连锁药店在阿片类药物流行中扮演了重要角色。然而，很少有研究对社区药房的做法进行评估。本研究试图了解药店通过不当阿片类药物处方配药对阿片类药物流行所起的作用。方法我们进行了一项观察性、回顾性内容分析，利用 1997 年至 2020 年间在诉讼中发布的制药行业文件，对零售社区连锁药店沃尔格林的阿片类药物配药行为进行了评估。我们从加州大学旧金山分校的阿片类药物行业文件档案（OIDA）中检索了这些文件，并对其进行了审查，以确定主题并识别组织实践。我们的研究结果表明，Walgreens 可能通过不当的阿片类药物配药行为助长了早期处方阿片类药物的流行，同时也发现了一些可以改革的关键做法，以降低未来不当配发成瘾性和潜在危害性药物的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of xylazine among people who inject drugs seeking medical care at a syringe services program clinic: Miami, Florida, 2023 在注射器服务计划诊所就医的注射吸毒者中，异丙嗪的流行率：佛罗里达州迈阿密，2023 年

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100209

Maia H. Hauschild , Peyton V. Warp , Hansel E. Tookes , Ella Yakir , Bharat Malhotra , Subul Malik , Cyrus Owens , Edward Suarez Jr , David P. Serota , Tyler S. Bartholomew

Background

We aimed to report the preliminary xylazine prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) treated at a student-run free clinic in Miami, FL, USA and to identify characteristics associated with screening positive for xylazine.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 59 patients presenting to a syringe services program (SSP) clinic in was conducted between April 27th and August 17th, 2023. We measured presence of xylazine with rapid visual immunoassay strips on patient urine samples.

Results

Xylazine was present in 55.9 % (33/59) of urine samples including 2 without detected opioids. Xylazine presence was significantly associated with unsheltered homelessness (p = 0.018), presence of wound(s) (p = 0.008), and testing positive for hepatitis C antibody (p = 0.014), fentanyl (p = 0.005) and MDMA (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

A high prevalence of xylazine in the Southeastern United States furthers evidence of the geographical spread of xylazine and rapidly evolving illicit drug supply. Widespread xylazine screening is urgently needed to inform people who inject drugs and to studyinterventions to minimize harms associated with xylazine.

背景我们旨在报告在美国佛罗里达州迈阿密市一家由学生开办的免费诊所接受治疗的注射吸毒者（PWID）中甲苄嗪的初步流行率，并确定与甲苄嗪筛查阳性相关的特征。结果 55.9%（33/59）的尿样中发现了异丙嗪，其中包括 2 份未检测到阿片类药物的尿样。结果55.9%（33/59）的尿样中含有异丙嗪，其中2例未检测到阿片类药物。异丙嗪的存在与无家可归（p = 0.018）、有伤口（p = 0.008）以及丙型肝炎抗体（p = 0.014）、芬太尼（p = 0.005）和亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明（p = 0.002）检测呈阳性明显相关。目前急需广泛开展二甲肼筛查，以告知注射吸毒者并研究如何采取干预措施将二甲肼的危害降至最低。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Experiences of healthcare and substance use treatment provider-based stigma among patients receiving methadone” [Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports 6 (2023) 100138] 对 "接受美沙酮治疗的患者对医疗保健和药物使用治疗提供者的成见 "的更正[《药物和酒精依赖报告》6 (2023) 100138]

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100201

Alexis Carl , Emily Pasman , Michael J. Broman , Jamey J. Lister , Elizabeth Agius , Stella M. Resko

引用次数: 0

Predictors of improved clinician screening, assessment, and treatment for tobacco use for clients in community mental healthcare following training 改善临床医生筛查，评估和治疗的预测因素，在社区精神卫生保健客户使用烟草

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100208

Casey D. Foster , Mackenzie Hosie Quinn , Fodie Koita , Frank T. Leone , Nathaniel Stevens , Scott D. Siegel , E. Paul Wileyto , Douglas Ziedonis , Robert A. Schnoll

Introduction

People with mental illness (MI) are more likely to smoke cigarettes and less likely to receive treatment for tobacco use than the general population. Understanding factors associated with improved staff treatment of tobacco use in community mental health settings has received limited study.

Methods

We used data from a completed cluster-randomized clinical trial that tested two interventions designed to increase treatment for tobacco use in mental health clinics. Among 222 clinic staff, we examined demographic and employment characteristics, changes in perceived skills, knowledge, and beliefs using the S-KAP (i.e., perceptions of staff responsibility to treat tobacco use; client quit motivation; client outcomes; and barriers) as predictors of change in clinician reported delivery of tobacco use treatment following training.

Results

Clinician reported treatment of client tobacco use significantly increased from baseline to week 52 across both study arms (p<0.001). This increase in reported treatment for tobacco use was associated with increases from baseline to week 52 in clinician reported skills to treat tobacco use, perceptions of responsibility to treat client tobacco use, and perceptions about client motivation to quit smoking (p's<0.05).

Conclusions

Training clinicians in community mental healthcare to address client tobacco use may improve outcomes by helping them to develop the needed skills, convincing them that treating tobacco use is part of their role as clinicians, and by helping clinicians to recognize that clients are motivated to quit smoking. These may be targets to improve how clinicians in community health settings address client tobacco use.

与一般人群相比，患有精神疾病(MI)的人吸烟的可能性更大，接受烟草使用治疗的可能性更小。对改善社区精神卫生机构工作人员对烟草使用的治疗的相关因素的了解得到了有限的研究。方法:我们使用了一项完整的集群随机临床试验的数据，该试验测试了两种旨在增加心理健康诊所对烟草使用治疗的干预措施。在222名诊所工作人员中，我们使用S-KAP检查了人口统计学和就业特征，感知技能、知识和信念的变化(即对工作人员治疗烟草使用责任的看法;客户退出动机;客户端结果;和障碍)作为临床医生报告的培训后提供烟草使用治疗变化的预测因素。结果临床医生报告的患者吸烟治疗从基线到第52周显著增加(p<0.001)。从基线到第52周，报告的烟草使用治疗增加与临床医生报告的治疗烟草使用技能、治疗客户烟草使用责任的认知和客户戒烟动机的认知增加有关(p's<0.05)。结论:通过帮助临床医生发展所需的技能，使他们相信治疗烟草使用是他们作为临床医生职责的一部分，并帮助临床医生认识到客户有戒烟的动机，使社区精神卫生保健临床医生处理客户烟草使用问题可以改善结果。这些可能是改善社区卫生机构临床医生处理客户烟草使用问题的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Co-use of cigarettes and cannabis among people with HIV: Results from a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial” [Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports 7 (2023) 100172] 艾滋病病毒感染者同时吸食香烟和大麻：随机对照戒烟试验的结果"[《药物和酒精依赖报告》7 (2023) 100172] 更正

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100200

Jenny E. Ozga , Jonathan Shuter , Geetanjali Chander , Amanda L. Graham , Ryung S. Kim , Cassandra A. Stanton

引用次数: 0

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol discrimination: Effects of route of administration in mice Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol鉴别:给药途径对小鼠的影响

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100205

Julie A. Marusich, Jenny L. Wiley

Background

Route of administration is an important pharmacokinetic variable in development of translationally relevant preclinical models. Humans primarily administer cannabis through smoking, vaping, and edibles. In contrast, preclinical research has historically utilized injected Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The present study sought to examine how route of administration affected the potency and time course of THC's discriminative stimulus properties.

Methods

Adult female and male C57BL/6 mice were trained to discriminate intraperitoneal (i.p.) THC from vehicle in a drug discrimination procedure. After discrimination was acquired, a dose-effect curve was determined for i.p., oral (p.o.), subcutaneous (s.c.), and aerosolized THC. Subsequently, the time course of effects of each route of administration was determined.

Results

THC administered i.p., p.o., s.c., or via aerosolization fully substituted for i.p. THC. The potency of THC's psychoactive effects was similar for i.p., p.o., and s.c., except that THC was more potent when administered s.c. vs p.o. in females. All routes of administration had a similar potency in both sexes. The duration of THC's psychoactive effects was similar across i.p., s.c., and p.o. routes of administration, whereas aerosolized THC produced a faster onset and shorter duration of effects compared to the other routes.

Conclusion

THC administered via multiple routes of administration, including those commonly used in preclinical research (i.p. and s.c.) and more translationally relevant routes (aerosol and p.o.), produced THC-like discriminative stimulus effects in mice trained to discriminate i.p. THC. More precise predictions of THC's effects in humans may result from use of these translationally relevant routes of administration.

背景:给药方式是临床前模型中一个重要的药代动力学变量。人类吸食大麻主要是通过吸烟、吸电子烟和食用。相比之下，临床前研究历来使用注射Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)。本研究旨在探讨给药途径对四氢大麻酚鉴别刺激性质的效力和时间过程的影响。方法对成年雌性和雄性C57BL/6小鼠进行训练，以识别腹腔内(i.p。四氢大麻酚从车辆在药物鉴别程序。在获得鉴别后，确定了口服(p.o)、皮下(s.c)和雾化四氢大麻酚的剂量效应曲线。随后，确定各给药途径的作用时间过程。结果四氢大麻酚经口服、口服、口服或雾化均可完全替代口服四氢大麻酚。四氢大麻酚对i.p.、p.o.和s.c.的精神活性作用的效力相似，除了在女性中s.c.比p.o.更有效。所有给药途径在两性中都有相似的效力。四氢大麻酚的精神作用持续时间在i.p.， s.c.和p.o.给药途径中相似，而雾化四氢大麻酚与其他途径相比起效更快，持续时间更短。结论四氢大麻酚通过多种给药途径给药，包括临床前研究常用的给药途径(内参和内参)以及与翻译相关的给药途径(气雾剂和内参)，均能对小鼠产生类似四氢大麻酚的区分刺激作用。通过使用这些与翻译相关的给药途径，可以更精确地预测四氢大麻酚对人类的影响。

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