Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献_第10页

Cannabis use and alcohol-related outcomes among sober living house residents with alcohol use disorders 有酒精使用障碍的清醒生活屋居民的大麻使用和酒精相关结果

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100312

Meenakshi S. Subbaraman , Elizabeth Mahoney , Amy Mericle , Douglas Polcin

Background

Evidence supporting cannabis substitution along with liberalized cannabis laws have left recovery homes such as sober living houses (SLHs) in a difficult position regarding policies relating to cannabis use among SLH residents. Moreover, there are few studies of cannabis use among SLH residents that can be used to inform cannabis use policies. Here we assess whether cannabis is related to alcohol use among SLH residents.

Methods

Data came from N = 205 SLH residents entering 28 SLHs in Los Angeles from 2021 to 2023. Interviews were at baseline and one-, two-, three-, and six-month follow-ups. All participants reported lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD). The primary predictor was any past 30-day cannabis use. Past 30-day outcomes were any drinking, number of drinking days, and any alcohol problems. Longitudinal generalized estimating equation models tested associations between any past-30-day cannabis use and outcomes, adjusting for demographics, treatment, 12-step attendance, social network use, baseline drug use, and AUD severity.

Results

After adjustment for demographics and covariates, any past-30-day cannabis use was related to 7.02 times higher odds of any past 30-day drinking (OR=7.02, 95 % CI: 3.06, 16.12), 2.03 times more drinking days (IRR=2.03, 95 % CI: 1.01, 4.08), and 3.21 times higher odds of any past-30-day alcohol problems (OR=3.21, 95 % CI: 1.68, 6.14) vs. no past-30-day cannabis use.

Conclusions

Cannabis use is positively correlated with alcohol use and related problems in a sample of sober living house residents in Los Angeles.

背景：支持大麻替代的证据以及大麻法律的自由化使康复之家，如清醒生活之家（SLHs）在SLH居民中使用大麻的政策方面处于困难地位。此外，很少有关于SLH居民大麻使用的研究可以用来为大麻使用政策提供信息。在这里，我们评估大麻是否与SLH居民的酒精使用有关。方法：数据来自2021 - 2023年洛杉矶28家SLH的205名SLH居民。访谈是在基线和1个月、2个月、3个月和6个月的随访。所有参与者都报告了终生酒精使用障碍（AUD）。主要的预测因素是任何超过30天的大麻使用。过去30天的结果包括任何饮酒、饮酒天数和任何酒精问题。纵向广义估计方程模型测试了任何过去30天的大麻使用与结果之间的关联，调整了人口统计学、治疗、12步出勤、社交网络使用、基线药物使用和AUD严重程度。结果：在对人口统计学和协变量进行调整后，过去30天使用大麻与过去30天饮酒的几率（OR=7.02, 95% CI: 3.06, 16.12）、饮酒天数（IRR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.08）和过去30天饮酒问题的几率（OR=3.21, 95% CI: 1.68, 6.14）相关，前者比后者高7.02倍。结论：大麻使用与酒精使用及相关问题在洛杉矶清醒生活屋居民样本中呈正相关。

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引用次数: 0

Help-seeking behaviours among cannabis consumers in Canada and the United States: Findings from the international cannabis policy study 加拿大和美国大麻消费者的求助行为：国际大麻政策研究的结果。

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100306

Samantha M. Rundle, David Hammond

Background

Little literature exists on what sources of help individuals utilize for cannabis-related problems. The current study examined the percentage of consumers who sought help to manage cannabis-related problems, such as perceived cannabis use disorder, the most common sources of help sought, and factors associated with help-seeking.

Methods

Past 12-month cannabis consumers (N = 13,209) completed an online survey from the International Cannabis Policy Study. Past 3-month help-seeking behaviours, respondent’s perceived addiction to cannabis, legal status of cannabis in their jurisdiction, and risky behaviours associated with cannabis use was assessed.

Results

A minority sought help from any source (9.2 %) with the most likely being a doctor/physician (44.9 %). Help-seekers were most likely to be younger, mixed race (p = .011), more educated, financially stable, male, and higher perceived addiction to cannabis (all contrasts p < .001). In comparison to consumers in Canada and ‘legal’ US states, respondents in ‘illegal’ US states were more likely to seek help from family and friends (Canada: AOR = 5.73, 2.21–14.91; US: AOR = 4.76, 2.00–11.11) and less likely to seek help from a doctor/physician (Canada: AOR = 0.46, 0.24–0.90; US: AOR = 0.51, 0.27–0.99).

Conclusion

Roughly 1 in 10 cannabis consumers sought help from a range of sources, including a third who are at high risk of problematic use. More informal sources of help, such as seeking help from online sources are frequently used. Future research should examine these frontline sources of help for cannabis consumers.

背景：很少有文献存在什么来源的帮助个人利用大麻相关的问题。目前的研究调查了寻求帮助来处理大麻相关问题的消费者的百分比，比如感知到的大麻使用障碍、寻求帮助的最常见来源以及与寻求帮助相关的因素。方法：过去12个月的大麻消费者（N = 13,209）完成了国际大麻政策研究的在线调查。评估了过去3个月的求助行为、被调查者对大麻的感知成瘾、大麻在其管辖范围内的法律地位以及与大麻使用相关的危险行为。结果：少数人从任何来源寻求帮助（9.2%），最有可能是医生/内科医生（44.9%）。寻求帮助的人最有可能是年轻人、混血人种（p = 0.011）、受教育程度更高、经济稳定、男性，并且对大麻的成瘾程度更高（所有对比p）。结论：大约十分之一的大麻消费者从各种来源寻求帮助，其中三分之一的人有很高的问题使用风险。更非正式的帮助来源，如从网上寻求帮助是经常使用的。未来的研究应该检查这些帮助大麻消费者的一线来源。

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引用次数: 0

Adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and syringe services program attendance among persons who inject drugs in Northeast Georgia, USA: A mediation analysis 在美国乔治亚州东北部注射毒品的人中，不良的童年经历、恢复力和注射器服务项目的出勤率：一项中介分析。

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100309

Mohammad Rifat Haider , Samantha Clinton , Monique J. Brown , Nathan B. Hansen

Background

Syringe services programs (SSP) are evidence-based venues offering harm reduction services to persons who inject drugs (PWID), such as sterile syringes, STI/HIV testing, and linkage to care to decrease drug use-related morbidities and mortalities. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with reduced resilience, while increased resilience can help PWID attend SSPs. This study examined the potential mediating role of resilience between ACEs and SSP attendance among PWID.

Methods

Data were collected from adult HIV-negative PWID in northeast Georgia, between February-December 2023 (N = 173). Data were collected on SSP attendance (Yes vs. No), resilience, and ACEs. Covariates included age, gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, education, homelessness, HIV risk behavior, syringe sharing, syringe use frequency, and primary drug. Path analysis was performed using Stata 18.0.

Results

The majority of PWID were cisgender men (68.8 %), heterosexual (92.5 %), homeless (93.6 %), had HIV risk behavior (65.9 %), had high resilience (54.3 %), and had never attended SSP (64.2 %). The mean number of ACEs was 4.1 (SD=3.2). After adjusting for covariates, high resilience was positively associated with SSP attendance (β= 0.204; p = 0.005). ACEs were negatively associated with high resilience (β= −0.035 p = 0.005) and SSP attendance (β= −0.026; p = 0.034). ACEs had a significant indirect effect on SSP attendance through high resilience (β= −0.007; p = 0.044).

Conclusions

Results indicate that resilience may mediate the relationship between ACEs and SSP attendance among PWID. It is important to develop and implement trauma-informed and resilience-based interventions to address the mental and sexual health challenges of PWID with a history of ACEs.

背景：注射器服务规划（SSP）是为注射吸毒者（PWID）提供减少伤害服务的循证场所，如无菌注射器、性传播感染/艾滋病毒检测以及与护理联系，以降低与药物使用相关的发病率和死亡率。不良的童年经历（ace）与韧性降低有关，而增强的韧性可以帮助PWID参加ssp。本研究探讨了心理弹性在PWID中ace与SSP出勤率之间的潜在中介作用。方法：收集佐治亚州东北部地区2023年2月至12月期间hiv阴性PWID成年患者的数据（N = 173）。数据收集了SSP的出勤率（是vs.否）、恢复力和ace。协变量包括年龄、性别、性取向、种族/民族、教育程度、无家可归、艾滋病毒风险行为、共用注射器、注射器使用频率和主要药物。采用Stata 18.0进行通径分析。结果：PWID以男异性恋者居多（68.8%），异性恋者居多（92.5%），无家可归者居多（93.6%），有HIV危险行为者居多（65.9%），有高适应能力者居多（54.3%），未参加过SSP者居多（64.2%）。平均ace次数为4.1次（SD=3.2）。调整协变量后，高弹性与SSP出席率呈正相关(β= 0.204；p = 0.005)。ace与高弹性（β= -0.035 p = 0.005）和SSP出勤率(β= -0.026；p = 0.034)。ace通过高弹性对SSP出勤率有显著的间接影响(β= -0.007；p = 0.044)。结论：心理弹性可能在PWID患者的ace和SSP出席率之间起中介作用。重要的是制定和实施创伤知情和基于复原力的干预措施，以解决有ace历史的PWID的精神和性健康挑战。

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引用次数: 0

The feasibility of utilizing the open dynamic interaction network (ODIN) app to assess rEMA data across 30 days among those recovering from alcohol use disorders 利用开放动态交互网络（ODIN）应用程序评估酒精使用障碍恢复者30天内rEMA数据的可行性。

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100305

Dennis E. McChargue , Bilal Khan , Jessica Phelps , Patrick Duryea , Kimberly A. Tyler , Arthur Andrews , Ellie Reznicek , Lucy Napper , Mohamed Saad , Hsuan-Wei Lee

Preliminary data from a prospective micro-longitudinal study (30 days) that examined the co-evolution of return to use risk among people diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in residential substance treatment is presented. Data assessed the feasibility of using the open dynamic interaction network (ODIN) responsive ecological momentary assessment (rEMA). rEMA collected daily estimates on affect, urges, sober-support engagement, and use. The ODIN app administered twelve daily questions at established EMA times. GPS-identified sober support engagement and alcohol access exposure prompted additional questions. Of the eight hundred questions, most people answered 500 questions. Five-day estimates showed that 80 % of the participants answered between 80 and 100 questions (10–30 questions/day). The ODIN app acquired 95 % of GPS readings across 30 days (~288 GPS readings/day). Most were satisfied with the stability (84 %), look/feel (82 %), and ease of use (92 %) of the ODIN app. Participants also reported interest in longer assessments that prompted them to call a sponsor (85 %) or to use prevention skills (72 %). Preliminary findings show that the ODIN platform accurately and efficiently collects data amongst this population.

本文介绍了一项前瞻性微纵向研究（30天）的初步数据，该研究检查了在住院药物治疗中被诊断为酒精使用障碍（AUD）的人重返使用风险的共同演变。数据评估了开放式动态交互网络（ODIN）响应性生态瞬时评价（rEMA）的可行性。rEMA收集每天对影响、督促、清醒支持参与和使用的估计。ODIN应用程序在规定的EMA时间管理12个每日问题。gps识别的清醒支持参与和酒精接触引发了其他问题。在800个问题中，大多数人回答了500个问题。五天的估计显示，80%的参与者回答了80到100个问题（10-30个问题/天）。ODIN应用程序在30天内获得95%的GPS读数（~288个GPS读数/天）。大多数人对ODIN应用程序的稳定性（84%），外观/感觉（82%）和易用性（92%）感到满意。参与者还报告了对更长的评估的兴趣，这促使他们打电话给赞助商（85%）或使用预防技能（72%）。初步调查结果表明，ODIN平台准确有效地收集了这一人群的数据。

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引用次数: 0

Cannabidiol prescribing in the United States: An analysis of real-world data 美国的大麻二酚处方：真实世界数据分析

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100303

Binx Yezhe Lin , Chloe Lessard , Yifan Li , Lisa Gong , Ruth Ling , Pallawi Jyotsana , Jacob Steinle , Jacob T. Borodovsky , Fábio A. Nascimento , Kevin Y. Xu

Background

Off-label prescribing of Epidiolex® (pharmaceutical cannabidiol) comes with both potential benefits and risks for patients. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the percentage of people prescribed Epidiolex® who do not have diagnostic indications for Epidiolex® (Lennox Gastaut Syndrome [LGS], Dravet Syndrome [DS], and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex [TSC]) and (2) examine potential co-prescribing of medications that may interact with Epidiolex®.

Method

Using TriNetX analytics, a web-based database of de-identified electronic health records spanning >110 million people in the United States, we analyzed 4214 people receiving Epidiolex® in 2022. We computed the number of people prescribed Epidiolex® who did not have diagnoses for LGS, DS, or TSC. We evaluated the prevalence of co-occurring prescriptions that are known to interact with cannabidiol following each individual’s first Epidiolex® prescription.

Results

Among individuals receiving Epidiolex®, 40 % did not have FDA-approved diagnostic indications (LGS/DS/TSC) in the medical record. In the overall sample, co-occurring psychotropic prescribing was prevalent, including medications with known interactions with cannabidiol (Clobazam=47.2 %; Diazepam=47.4 %; Clonazepam=40.7 %). Among individuals without LGS/DS/TSC who received Epidiolex®, the most common diagnoses received following the index prescription were unspecified epileptic syndromes (53.8 %), sleep disorders (25.7 %), anxiety disorders (25.9 %), mood disorders (18.6 %) and autism spectrum disorders (10.8 %).

Conclusion

Off-label prescribing and co-prescription of medications with known interactions with cannabidiol is prevalent. Further research is needed to elucidate longitudinal outcomes associated with off-label Epidiolex® prescribing.

背景Epidiolex®（药用大麻二酚）的标签外处方对患者既有潜在的益处，也有风险。本研究旨在(1) 确定开具 Epidiolex® 处方的患者中没有 Epidiolex® 诊断适应症（伦诺克斯-加斯托综合征 [LGS]、德拉沃综合征 [DS] 和结节性硬化症综合征 [TSC]）的患者所占的比例；(2) 检查可能与 Epidiolex® 发生相互作用的潜在联合处方药物。方法利用 TriNetX 分析（一个基于网络的去标识化电子健康记录数据库，涵盖美国 1.1 亿人），我们对 2022 年接受 Epidiolex® 治疗的 4214 人进行了分析。我们计算了未确诊为 LGS、DS 或 TSC 的 Epidiolex® 处方患者人数。结果在接受 Epidiolex® 治疗的患者中，40% 的人的病历中没有 FDA 批准的诊断适应症（LGS/DS/TSC）。在总体样本中，同时开具精神药物处方的情况很普遍，包括已知与大麻二酚有相互作用的药物（氯羟安定=47.2%；地西泮=47.4%；氯硝西泮=40.7%）。在没有接受 Epidiolex® 治疗的 LGS/DS/TSC 患者中，最常见的诊断是不明癫痫综合征（53.8%）、睡眠障碍（25.7%）、焦虑症（25.9%）、情绪障碍（18.6%）和自闭症谱系障碍（10.8%）。需要开展进一步研究，以阐明与标示外服用 Epidiolex® 相关的纵向结果。

{"title":"Cannabidiol prescribing in the United States: An analysis of real-world data","authors":"Binx Yezhe Lin , Chloe Lessard , Yifan Li , Lisa Gong , Ruth Ling , Pallawi Jyotsana , Jacob Steinle , Jacob T. Borodovsky , Fábio A. Nascimento , Kevin Y. Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Off-label prescribing of Epidiolex® (pharmaceutical cannabidiol) comes with both potential benefits and risks for patients. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the percentage of people prescribed Epidiolex® who do not have diagnostic indications for Epidiolex® (Lennox Gastaut Syndrome [LGS], Dravet Syndrome [DS], and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex [TSC]) and (2) examine potential co-prescribing of medications that may interact with Epidiolex®.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using TriNetX analytics, a web-based database of de-identified electronic health records spanning >110 million people in the United States, we analyzed 4214 people receiving Epidiolex® in 2022. We computed the number of people prescribed Epidiolex® who did not have diagnoses for LGS, DS, or TSC. We evaluated the prevalence of co-occurring prescriptions that are known to interact with cannabidiol following each individual’s first Epidiolex® prescription.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among individuals receiving Epidiolex®, 40 % did not have FDA-approved diagnostic indications (LGS/DS/TSC) in the medical record. In the overall sample, co-occurring psychotropic prescribing was prevalent, including medications with known interactions with cannabidiol (Clobazam=47.2 %; Diazepam=47.4 %; Clonazepam=40.7 %). Among individuals without LGS/DS/TSC who received Epidiolex®, the most common diagnoses received following the index prescription were unspecified epileptic syndromes (53.8 %), sleep disorders (25.7 %), anxiety disorders (25.9 %), mood disorders (18.6 %) and autism spectrum disorders (10.8 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Off-label prescribing and co-prescription of medications with known interactions with cannabidiol is prevalent. Further research is needed to elucidate longitudinal outcomes associated with off-label Epidiolex® prescribing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase 1b/2a safety study of lemborexant as an adjunctive treatment for insomnia to buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid use disorder: A randomized controlled trial leleborexant辅助治疗失眠与丁丙诺啡-纳洛酮治疗阿片类药物使用障碍的1b/2a期安全性研究：一项随机对照试验

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100304

Caitlin E. Martin , James M. Bjork , Lori Keyser-Marcus , Roy T. Sabo , Tiffany Pignatello , Kameron Simmons , Christina La Rosa , Albert J. Arias , Tatiana Ramey , F. Gerard Moeller

Background

Evidence supports the common incidence of sleep disturbance in opioid use disorder (OUD) as a potential marker of disrupted orexin system functioning. This study evaluated the initial safety and tolerability of a challenge dose of lemborexant, a dual orexin antagonist, as an adjunct to buprenorphine/naloxone.

Methods

Patients (18–65 years old) with OUD receiving sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone, with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score of 6 or higher, were recruited from outpatient clinics. After randomization, while being monitored on an inpatient research unit over two 10-hour daytime periods, participants received a placebo or lemborexant (5 mg on day one and 10 mg on day two) along with buprenorphine/naloxone. Primary outcomes included safety and tolerability: adverse events, physiologic measures, sedation level assessments. Generalized linear mixed model analysis assessed the effect of study drug and time on outcomes.

Results

N=18 (14=male, 4=female) were randomized to lemborexant (n=12) or placebo (n=6). No unanticipated problems occurred; five adverse events occurred in the lemborexant group and two in the placebo group with no serious adverse events. None of the physiologic measures showed a significant interaction of time and placebo vs. lemborexant (5 or 10 mg): Pulse oximetry (F=0.6; p=0.84), End-tidal CO2 (F=0.5; p=0.91), Heart rate (F=0.6; p=0.82), Systolic blood pressure (F=0.7; p=0.73), Diastolic blood pressure (F=2.0; p=0.06). At 9 hours after study drug administration, all participants returned to baseline sedation levels and were discharged.

Conclusions

Findings support the initial safety and tolerability of lemborexant as an adjunctive treatment for insomnia in humans receiving buprenorphine for OUD. Future longitudinal work is warranted with larger samples.

背景：有证据支持阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）中常见的睡眠障碍是食欲素系统功能紊乱的潜在标志。本研究评估了一种双重食欲素拮抗剂lemborexant作为丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮辅助剂的初始安全性和耐受性。方法：从门诊招募接受丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮舌下治疗、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总分在6分及以上的OUD患者（18-65岁）。随机分组后，在住院研究单位进行为期两个10小时的日间监测时，参与者接受安慰剂或lemborexant（第一天5mg，第二天10mg）以及丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮。主要结局包括安全性和耐受性：不良事件、生理指标、镇静水平评估。广义线性混合模型分析评估了研究药物和时间对结果的影响。结果：N=18（男性14名，女性4名）被随机分配到lemborexant组（N= 12）或安慰剂组（N= 6）。未发生意外问题；leborexant组发生5例不良事件，安慰剂组发生2例，无严重不良事件。没有一项生理指标显示时间和安慰剂与左旋氧胺（5或10毫克）之间存在显著的相互作用：脉搏血氧测定(F=0.6；p=0.84)，末潮CO2 (F=0.5；p=0.91)，心率(F=0.6；p=0.82)，收缩压(F=0.7；p=0.73)，舒张压(F=2.0；p = 0.06)。在给药9小时后，所有参与者恢复到基线镇静水平并出院。结论：研究结果支持lemborexant作为接受丁丙诺啡治疗OUD患者失眠的辅助治疗的初步安全性和耐受性。未来的纵向研究需要更大的样本。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review of the reasons for quitting and/or reducing alcohol among those who have received alcohol use disorder treatment 对接受过酒精使用障碍治疗的人戒酒和/或减少饮酒的原因进行系统回顾

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100300

Christiana Prestigiacomo, Lindsey Fisher-Fox, Melissa A. Cyders

Research has primarily studied reasons for quitting and/or reducing alcohol use in non-treatment samples. This systematic review aimed to characterize the reasons for quitting and/or reducing alcohol use among those who have received treatment for AUD and examine how reasons endorsed differ across measurement methods used. Articles were identified through PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and CINAHL. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Thematic coding revealed 21 unique themes in reasons for quitting and/or reducing. Common reasons included physical health issues, misalignment with personal goals, family influence, and social factors—also noted in non-treatment populations. Unique themes like hitting rock bottom and avoiding disapproval were identified, potentially linked to treatment initiation or development. The measurement approach influenced the reasons reported, highlighting the need for standardized methods. Common reasons are fundamental and are not a result of treatment, while others are unique to individuals who have received AUD treatment, which may suggest that they are critical in leading one to seek treatment or may be developed during treatment. Assessing and tailoring treatment based on these reasons may enhance outcomes. Standardizing how we measure reasons for quitting or reducing alcohol is crucial for comparing studies and improving treatment. Future research should evaluate reasons over time, assess their importance at different treatment stages, and use varied assessment strategies for comprehensive insights.

研究主要研究了非治疗样本中戒酒和/或减少饮酒的原因。本系统综述旨在描述接受过 AUD 治疗的人群中戒酒和/或减少饮酒的原因，并研究不同测量方法所认可的原因有何不同。文章通过 PsycINFO、Web of Science、PubMed 和 CINAHL 进行了鉴定。21 篇文章符合纳入标准。主题编码揭示了戒烟和/或减量原因的 21 个独特主题。常见原因包括身体健康问题、与个人目标不符、家庭影响和社会因素--这在未接受治疗的人群中也同样存在。此外，还发现了一些独特的主题，如跌入谷底和避免不认可等，这可能与治疗的开始或发展有关。测量方法影响了所报告的原因，突出了对标准化方法的需求。常见的原因是根本性的，并不是治疗的结果，而其他原因则是接受过 AUD 治疗的人所特有的，这可能表明这些原因是导致一个人寻求治疗的关键，或者可能是在治疗过程中形成的。根据这些原因对治疗进行评估和调整可能会提高治疗效果。标准化衡量戒酒或减少饮酒原因的方法对于比较研究和改进治疗至关重要。未来的研究应评估不同时期的原因，评估其在不同治疗阶段的重要性，并采用不同的评估策略以获得全面的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Discovering opioid slang on social media: A Word2Vec approach with reddit data 在社交媒体上发现阿片类药物俚语：利用 Reddit 数据的 Word2Vec 方法

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100302

E. Holbrook, B. Wiskur, Z. Nagykaldi

The CDC reported that the overdose of prescription or illicit opioids was responsible for the deaths of over 80,000 Americans in 2021. Social media is a valuable source of insight into problematic patterns of substance misuse. The way people converse with illicit drugs in online forums is highly variable, and slang terms are frequently used. Manually identifying names of specific drugs can be difficult in both time and labor.

Subjects and methods

The study utilized the Gensim Python library and its Word2Vec neural network model to develop an auto-encoding neural network, enabling the innovative analysis of drug-related discourse downloaded from the Reddit website. The slang terms were then used to qualitatively analyze the topics and categories of drugs discussed on the forum.

Results

The inclusion of slang terms facilitated the introduction of 200,000 specific mentions of opioid drugs and that stimulant drugs share a substantial semantic similarity with opioids, a 200 % increase in the number of drug-related terms as compared to using existing datasets.

Conclusions

This study advances the academic field with an extended collection of drug-related terms, offering a useful methodology and resource for tackling the opioid crisis with innovative, reduced-time detection and surveillance methods.

美国疾病预防控制中心报告称，2021 年，超过 80,000 名美国人死于处方或非法阿片类药物过量。社交媒体是了解药物滥用问题模式的宝贵来源。人们在网络论坛上谈论非法药物的方式千变万化，而且经常使用俚语。这项研究利用 Gensim Python 库及其 Word2Vec 神经网络模型开发了一个自动编码神经网络，从而能够对从 Reddit 网站下载的毒品相关言论进行创新分析。结果纳入俚语有助于引入 20 万个关于阿片类药物的具体提及，而且刺激类药物与阿片类药物在语义上有很大的相似性，与使用现有数据集相比，毒品相关术语的数量增加了 200%。

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引用次数: 0

Large decrease in syringe distribution following the introduction of fentanyl in King County, Washington 华盛顿州金县引入芬太尼后注射器分发量大幅减少

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100301

Sara N. Glick , Joe Tinsley , Laura Pritchard Wirkman , Apoorva Mallya , Peter Cleary , Matthew R. Golden , Thomas Fitzpatrick

Background

Syringe services programs (SSPs) serve as key platforms to deliver harm reduction services to people who use drugs (PWUD). Changes in drug supply and drug consumption behaviors, particularly the increasing use of fentanyl through non-injection methods, may impact SSP utilization.

Material and Methods

We collected routine program data from three SSPs in King County, Washington. Trends in the annual number of syringes distributed and client encounters were assessed using joinpoint regression analysis to determine when statistically significant changes in trends in annual totals occurred and annual percent change (APC) during each period.

Results

The number of syringes distributed per year through King County SSPs reached a maximum of 8,733,413 in 2020 and then decreased sharply to 2,482,056 by 2023. Annual syringe distribution totals were stable or increasing during all periods from 1989 to 2020 (APC range: 2.0–35.3 %), and only developed a decreasing trend between 2020 and 2023 (APC=-32.8 %). Total number of SSP client encounters per year was stable between 2010 and 2023 (APC=0.7 %), but an increasing trend in encounters was identified starting in 2008 (APC=4.4 %) at a community-based SSP that distributed safer smoking supplies (pipes).

Discussion

A precipitous decline in syringe distribution through King County SSPs began in 2020 and continued through 2023, which coincided with increasing availability of fentanyl in the local drug market. Nevertheless, the trends in client encounters highlight that PWUD continued to seek harm reduction services, with preliminary evidence that distribution of safer smoking supplies may increase the number of client visits.

背景注射服务项目（SSP）是为吸毒者（PWUD）提供减低伤害服务的重要平台。毒品供应和毒品消费行为的变化，尤其是通过非注射方式使用芬太尼的情况日益增多，可能会影响 SSP 的利用率。我们使用连接点回归分析法评估了每年分发的注射器数量和客户接触次数的趋势，以确定每年总数的趋势何时发生统计学意义上的显著变化，以及每个时期的年百分比变化 (APC)。结果金县 SSP 每年分发的注射器数量在 2020 年达到最高值 8,733,413 支，随后急剧下降，到 2023 年降至 2,482,056 支。从 1989 年到 2020 年的所有时间段内，每年的注射器分发总量都保持稳定或增长（APC 范围：2.0-35.3%），仅在 2020 年到 2023 年期间出现下降趋势（APC=-32.8%）。在 2010 年至 2023 年期间，SSP 每年接待的客户总数保持稳定（APC=0.7 %），但从 2008 年开始（APC=4.4 %），在一个分发更安全的吸烟用品（烟斗）的社区 SSP 中，接待的客户数量呈上升趋势。讨论从 2020 年开始，金县 SSP 的注射器分发量急剧下降，一直持续到 2023 年，这与当地毒品市场中芬太尼供应量的增加不谋而合。尽管如此，客户访问量的趋势突出表明，PWUD 仍在继续寻求减低危害服务，初步证据表明，分发更安全的吸烟用品可能会增加客户访问量。

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引用次数: 0

The power of lived experience in optimizing US policymakers’ engagement with substance use research: A series of rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials 生活经验在优化美国决策者参与药物使用研究方面的力量：一系列快速循环随机对照试验

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100299

Elizabeth C. Long , Riley Loria , Jessica Pugel , Patrick O’Neill , Camille C. Cioffi , Charleen Hsuan , Glenn Sterner , D. Max Crowley , J. Taylor Scott

Background

Research can inform policies on substance use/substance use disorders (SU/SUDs), yet there is limited experimental investigation into strategies for optimizing policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research. This study tested the use of narratives to boost policymakers’ research engagement.

Methods

In five rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials, SU/SUD research fact sheets were emailed to US legislative policymakers. We tested the use of narratives on the number of email opens, fact sheet clicks, and replies, relative to control emails without narratives. Narratives described lived experience with SU/SUD or motivations to study SU/SUD. The sender was a person with lived experience who authored the narrative or an author of the fact sheet.

Results

When the narrative was about the sender’s own lived experience (Trial 1), or when the narrative was about the sender's motivations to study SU/SUDs (Trial 2), the fact sheet was clicked more than the control (p=.049; p=.012; respectively). When the narrative was about someone else’s experience (Trials 3 and 4), the email was opened (p’s<.001) and replied to (p’s<.001) less, and the fact sheet was clicked (p’s<.001) less. Lastly, emails with lived experience narratives were replied to more than the control, regardless of sender (fact sheet author: p=.028; narrative author: p=.002; Trial 5), but were opened more if the sender authored the narrative (p<.001).

Conclusions

Policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research generally increased when the sender was telling their own story. This work highlights the power of people with lived experience and informs strategies for optimizing policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research.

背景研究可以为有关药物使用/药物使用失调（SU/SUDs）的政策提供信息，但有关优化政策制定者参与 SU/SUD 研究的策略的实验调查却很有限。本研究测试了如何使用叙述来提高政策制定者的研究参与度。方法在五项快速循环随机对照试验中，通过电子邮件将 SU/SUD 研究概况介绍发送给美国立法政策制定者。我们测试了相对于无叙述的对照邮件，使用叙述对邮件打开、概况介绍点击和回复数量的影响。叙述描述了 SU/SUD 的生活经历或研究 SU/SUD 的动机。结果当叙述的是发件人自己的亲身经历时（试验 1），或叙述的是发件人研究 SU/SUD 的动机时（试验 2），事实表的点击率高于对照组（p=.049；p=.012；分别为）。当叙述的是他人的经历时（试验 3 和试验 4），电子邮件的打开率（p's< .001）和回复率（p's< .001）都较低，情况说明的点击率（p's< .001）也较低。最后，无论发件人是谁，带有真实经历叙述的电子邮件都比对照组得到更多回复（概况介绍作者：p=.028；叙述作者：p=.002；试验 5），但如果发件人是叙述的作者，则被打开的次数更多（p< .001）。这项工作凸显了有亲身经历者的力量，并为优化决策者参与 SU/SUD 研究的策略提供了参考。

{"title":"The power of lived experience in optimizing US policymakers’ engagement with substance use research: A series of rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials","authors":"Elizabeth C. Long , Riley Loria , Jessica Pugel , Patrick O’Neill , Camille C. Cioffi , Charleen Hsuan , Glenn Sterner , D. Max Crowley , J. Taylor Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research can inform policies on substance use/substance use disorders (SU/SUDs), yet there is limited experimental investigation into strategies for optimizing policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research. This study tested the use of narratives to boost policymakers’ research engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In five rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials, SU/SUD research fact sheets were emailed to US legislative policymakers. We tested the use of narratives on the number of email opens, fact sheet clicks, and replies, relative to control emails without narratives. Narratives described lived experience with SU/SUD or motivations to study SU/SUD. The sender was a person with lived experience who authored the narrative or an author of the fact sheet.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When the narrative was about the sender’s <em>own</em> lived experience (Trial 1), or when the narrative was about the sender's motivations to study SU/SUDs (Trial 2), the fact sheet was clicked more than the control (<em>p</em>=.049; <em>p</em>=.012; respectively). When the narrative was about someone <em>else’s</em> experience (Trials 3 and 4), the email was opened (<em>p’s</em><.001) and replied to (<em>p’s</em><.001) less, and the fact sheet was clicked (<em>p’s</em><.001) less. Lastly, emails with lived experience narratives were replied to more than the control, regardless of sender (fact sheet author: <em>p</em>=.028; narrative author: <em>p</em>=.002; Trial 5), but were opened more if the sender authored the narrative (<em>p</em><.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research generally increased when the sender was telling their own story. This work highlights the power of people with lived experience and informs strategies for optimizing policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0