Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

{"title":"Impact of hepatitis C serostatus on health service utilization for opioid-related harms among individuals prescribed opioid agonist therapy: A longitudinal prospective cohort study","authors":"Paige Guyatt ,&nbsp;Glenda Babe ,&nbsp;Anastasia Gayowsky ,&nbsp;Tea Rosic ,&nbsp;Myanca Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Paxton Bach ,&nbsp;Richard Perez ,&nbsp;Claire de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Jeffrey H. Samet ,&nbsp;Geneviève Kerkerian ,&nbsp;Jessica Hann ,&nbsp;Joanna C. Dionne ,&nbsp;Aijaz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Donghee Kim ,&nbsp;Seonaid Nolan ,&nbsp;Lehana Thabane ,&nbsp;Zainab Samaan ,&nbsp;Brittany B. Dennis","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Varied substance use outcomes have been reported among individuals with a hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection on opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for opioid use disorder. Accordingly, the current study sought to evaluate the association between HCV serostatus, among other factors, and opioid-related acute health service utilization (e.g., emergency department [ED] visits and hospitalizations) among individuals prescribed OAT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multi-site prospective cohort study data were used to characterize demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, and physical health amongst individuals prescribed OAT. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the association between HCV-seropositivity and opioid-related ED visits and hospitalizations over a three-year follow up period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 3430 participants, 10.6 % (<em>n</em> = 365) were HCV-seropositive. In the follow-up period, 21.3 % (<em>n</em> = 730) attended the ED and 8.7 % (<em>n</em> = 298) were hospitalized for opioid related-harms. HCV-seropositivity was associated with an increased incidence of ED visits for opioid poisoning (9.0 % vs 4.9 % for participants who were HCV-seronegative, p &lt; 0.01) and other opioid-related harms (22.5 % vs. 20.8 % for seronegative participants, p = 0.03). However, multiple logistical regression models showed no association between HCV serostatus and opioid-related health service utilization; rather, injection drug use was a significant predictor of opioid-related ED visits (OR 3.39, p &lt; 0.01) and hospitalizations (OR 1.21, p = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among individuals prescribed OAT, those with seropositive HCV have increased incidence of ED visits and hospitalizations for opioid-related harms, an association which may be driven by injection use practices. These findings highlight the importance of screening for injection use practices and health symptoms, as well as the potential role for targeting resources (e.g., harm reduction supplies, education regarding transmission) within this vulnerable subgroup.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting the alcohol and alcohol problems perception questionnaire and the drug and drug problems perception questionnaire: A psychometric analysis of a person-centred approach","authors":"Andrea RAYNAK ,&nbsp;Michel Bédard ,&nbsp;Brianne Wood ,&nbsp;Christopher Mushquash","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire and the Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaires were developed decades ago to assess health care providers’ attitudes toward patients who use substances. Although reliable, the language in these tools no longer aligns with contemporary societal and academic discourse on person-centred language. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether modifying the language in the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire and Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire to create the person-centered Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire and person-centered Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire would affect their reliability, internal consistency, and factor structures when used with registered nurses and registered practical nurses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In fall 2024, an electronic survey was distributed to 1400 RNs and RPNs at an acute care hospital in northwestern Ontario, with 412 responding (29.4 % response rate). Participants were randomly assigned to complete either the original Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire and Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire or the revised person-centred versions. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted to assess the factor structures of both versions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Confirmatory factor analysis revealed suboptimal model fits for both the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire and the person-centred Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire. The best-fitting Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire was a seven-factor, 30-item model, and the person-centred Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire was a revised four-factor, 22-item model after exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis for the Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire indicated support for the original five-factor structure, but a four-factor, 16-item model emerged after exploratory factor analysis for the person-centred version.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although limited by a small sample size and data from a single setting, the findings of this study provide preliminary support that slightly modified versions of the PC- AAPPQ and PC-DDPPQ may hold promise for use with practising clinical nurses in similar contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette smoke-free home adoption attempts among formerly homeless adults living in permanent supportive housing","authors":"Mark Hawes ,&nbsp;Jessica Alway ,&nbsp;Deepalika Chakravarty ,&nbsp;Margot Kushel ,&nbsp;Wendy Max ,&nbsp;Fan Xia ,&nbsp;Narges Neyazi ,&nbsp;Maya Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Globally, tobacco use causes 8.7 million deaths annually. Approximately 50 % of formerly homeless adults in permanent supportive housing (PSH) in the United States smoke cigarettes. Secondhand smoke exposure is high in the absence of smoke-free policies. There is a need to understand attitudes toward smoke-free policies and factors associated with smoke-free home adoption attempts among PSH residents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between 2022 and 2024, we recruited 400 PSH residents who smoked into a smoke-free home intervention trial in 40 multi-unit PSH sites. Using baseline data, we applied generalized linear mixed models to examine factors associated with past 3-month smoke-free home adoption attempts, adjusting for age, gender, and race-ethnicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median age was 56 years (IQR 46, 62), and 41.8 % were Black/African American. Of the sample, 34.8 % previously attempted to adopt a smoke-free home, daily cigarette consumption averaged 11.1 (SD 7.5), and 19.3 % used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. E-cigarette use (AOR 2.92, 95 % CI 1.48, 5.77) and positive attitudes toward smoke-free policies (AOR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.43, 3.18) were associated with increased odds of smoke-free home adoption attempts. Longer tenure at current residence (AOR 0.94, 95 % CI 0.89, 0.99), smoking within 5<!--> <!-->min of waking (AOR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.31, 0.97), and having a serious mental illness (AOR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.30, 0.88) were associated with lower odds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Support for smoke-free policies among PSH residents can be strengthened by promoting access to tobacco treatment, addressing the role of e-cigarette use, and providing tailored support for residents with serious mental illness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A humanized monoclonal antibody attenuates carfentanil self-administration in nonhuman primates","authors":"Lindsey K. Galbo-Thomma ,&nbsp;Carly Baehr ,&nbsp;Elaine A. Gay ,&nbsp;Scott Runyon ,&nbsp;Marco Pravetoni ,&nbsp;Charles P. France","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 70 % of fatal drug overdoses in the United States are attributed to fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. Current medications for reversing overdose and treating opioid use disorder might not be as effective against fentanyl and fentanyl analogs compared with other opioids, possibly due to their lipophilicity and high potency at the <em>mu</em>-opioid receptor (MOR). Hence, fentanyl and fentanyl analog-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAb) could be an alternative treatment. The humanized (h) mAb hHY6-F9 has high relative affinity for fentanyl and decreases intravenous (i.v.) fentanyl self-administration in monkeys. hHY6-F9 has lower affinity for fentanyl analogs, including carfentanil; however, the effects of hHY6-F9 on fentanyl analogs <em>in vivo</em> have not been characterized. This study examined the effects of hHY6-F9 on i.v. carfentanil self-administration. hHY6-F9 was administered to two male rhesus monkeys self-administering carfentanil, heroin, cocaine, or fentanyl during twice daily sessions. Based on prior <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> findings, hHY6-F9 was hypothesized to attenuate fentanyl but not carfentanil, heroin, or cocaine self-administration. However, hHY6-F9 significantly decreased carfentanil self-administration for up to 5 weeks while having little or no effect on heroin, cocaine, or fentanyl self-administration. A cell-based pharmacological assay of carfentanil-induced MOR activation supported the carfentanil self-administration findings, showing that murine HY6-F9 reduced the effects of carfentanil. The ability of hHY6-F9 to attenuate the effects of an ultra-potent fentanyl analog could be advantageous for treating opioid use disorder or overdose given the unpredictability of the unregulated opioid supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylazine prevalence and concentration in the Los Angeles fentanyl market, 2023–2025","authors":"Joseph Friedman ,&nbsp;Caitlin A. Molina ,&nbsp;Adam J. Koncsol ,&nbsp;Ruby Romero ,&nbsp;Morgan E. Godvin ,&nbsp;Elham Jalayer ,&nbsp;Spider Davila ,&nbsp;Oscar Arellano ,&nbsp;Amanda Cowan ,&nbsp;Brian Hurley ,&nbsp;Chelsea L. Shover","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The veterinary sedative xylazine has been mostly described on the East Coast—yet early reports indicate that it is now arriving to West Coast fentanyl markets. Emerging drug checking approaches can provide information about the concentration and prevalence of xylazine in illicit fentanyl.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fentanyl samples from a community-based drug checking program in Los Angeles, California were assessed using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). A subset was analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to quantify the concentration of xylazine, fentanyl, and other compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among n = 536 fentanyl-positive samples, n = 103 were xylazine-positive, and n = 78 had quantitative results available. Xylazine positivity rose from 0 % in 2023 quarter 1 to a peak of 29.5 % in 2025 quarter 1. A significant time trend was observed (OR per quarter year= 1.35 [95 %CI: 1.19–1.52]). Xylazine concentration in fentanyl samples was generally low, with a highly skewed distribution (mean=2.42 %, sd=7.80 %). 76.9 % of xylazine-positive samples had &lt;1.0 % xylazine concentration. Compared to xylazine-negative samples, xylazine-positive samples were more likely to contain bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (BTMPS) [46.60 % vs 17.30 %], and lidocaine (65.0 % vs 29.6 %), and had lower average fentanyl concentration (6.12 % vs 10.7 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We note increasing xylazine positivity among samples of illicit fentanyl in Los Angeles, California. The distribution of xylazine concentration is highly skewed, with a small number of very high concentration samples, and majority with &lt;1 %. Nevertheless, more research is needed to study the health impacts of even the low concentration xylazine that is most predominant here; the average participant may still be exposed to a physiologically significant dose of xylazine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kratom use among ethnobotanical tea bar patrons in Colorado: Subjective drug effects, adverse reactions, and perceived benefits of use.","authors":"Cianna J Piercey, Joseph Bunch, Joseph Cameron, Riley Ahern, Isabella Packwood, Carter Bruning, Devin Henry, Jesse Ruehrmund, Katelyn Weldon, Kirsten E Smith, Hollis C Karoly","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kratom use is increasing in the US, yet data characterizing use patterns, risks, and benefits is limited. Additionally, there are few data on the acute subjective effects of kratom in humans, and no studies to-date have examined kratom use within US public consumption settings, which have become increasingly popular in recent years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using field methods, we administered surveys to 102 ethnobotanical tea bar patrons in northern Colorado. Surveys assessed demographic information, kratom use patterns, perceived benefits, and adverse reactions. We also assessed subjective drug effects acutely after participants consumed kratom at the bars. Data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (mean age=22.34 years, 39.2 % women), reported frequent kratom use (73.4 % endorsed weekly use, 19.3 % endorsed daily use). Reported benefits included mental and physical health benefits, social enhancement, and substance use harm reduction. Adverse reactions primarily involved gastrointestinal issues, though acute psychological effects (e.g., anxiety), and withdrawal symptoms were also cited. Kratom use in a bar setting was associated with acute stimulation and mild euphoria, and minimal sedation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While most participants reported perceived benefits, the presence of adverse reactions highlight the need for more data on safety and risks of kratom use, particularly within public consumption spaces. Results also highlight the possible role of kratom in supporting substance use disorder recovery, with some ethnobotanical tea bars potentially functioning as recovery spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"100361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing wholesale distributor barriers to buprenorphine access: Consensus recommendations from the PhARM-OUD expert panel","authors":"Tyler J. Varisco ,&nbsp;Douglas Thornton ,&nbsp;Taha Hussain ,&nbsp;Hannah Fish ,&nbsp;Joshua Bolin ,&nbsp;David Dadiomov ,&nbsp;Ekere J. Essien ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Wanat ,&nbsp;Diane Ginsburg ,&nbsp;Jeanne Waggener ,&nbsp;Jeffrey P. Bratberg ,&nbsp;Bethany DiPaula ,&nbsp;Lucas G. Hill ,&nbsp;PhARM-OUD Working Group","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Less than one-in-four patients with opioid use disorder receive opioid agonist treatment. This is in part due to the fact that less than 60 % of pharmacies stock and dispense buprenorphine products for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Pharmacies do not stock for many reasons but wholesale distribution remains a major barrier to buprenorphine availability. The objective of this study was to create consensus recommendations to improve wholesale distribution of buprenorphine for the treatment OUD in community pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study involved a qualitative elicitation study, grounded in the theory of planned behavior, with seven-focus groups and 46 total pharmacists in Texas, California, and West Virginia. Results of the reflexive thematic analysis were used to create a vignette describing pharmacy-based barriers to buprenorphine supply. Non-legislative recommendations to improve buprenorphine purchase were created through a four-round Delphi study with 22 experts in psychiatry, pharmacy practice, drug distribution, and drug-policy and public comment review between June 2022 and September 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The elicitation study demonstrated that distributor thresholds led to buprenorphine rationing, care interruptions, payer limitations, and fear of enforcement in community pharmacies. The expert panel recommended six, consensus actions that pharmacists, DEA and distributors could take to avoid further interruptions in buprenorphine availability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>DEA and distributors can act now, without congressional intervention, to ensure that the terms of the opioid injunctive relief agreement do not impede the ability of pharmacists to provide care to persons with OUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fortifying alcoholic beverages with thiamine: Lessons from history and future opportunities","authors":"Thomas Jedamzik,&nbsp;Georg Juckel","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thiamine deficiency remains a significant risk for individuals with chronic alcohol use and is a major contributing factor in the development of Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome. While clinical guidelines recommend targeted thiamine supplementation in at-risk patients, strategies for prevention at the population level remain limited and underutilized. Among the more unconventional proposals discussed in past decades was the fortification of alcoholic beverages with thiamine. This idea received particular attention in Australia in the 1980s, where high prevalence rates of Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome led to a broader public health debate. Although fortification was ultimately limited to flour and cereals, the discussion raised important questions about feasibility, effectiveness, and ethical considerations, many of which remain unresolved. This commentary revisits the history of this debate, drawing on empirical studies, review articles, and opinion-based contributions published in scientific journals from the 1940s to the present. Particular attention is given to the counterarguments raised against beverage fortification, including concerns about thiamine absorption, the potential behavioral implications of such a measure, and doubts about its political and regulatory feasibility. These arguments are examined in their historical context, including how they evolved over time, what types of evidence they were based on, and how they were discussed across clinical disciplines and scientific forums. By tracing the development of this largely overlooked policy proposal, this article aims to clarify the central points of contention and encourage a more nuanced understanding of the rationale, limitations, and potential of thiamine fortification in the context of alcohol-related health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial consequences of xylazine and implications for harm reduction services","authors":"Marina Plesons ,&nbsp;William H. Eger ,&nbsp;Erika L. Crable ,&nbsp;Maia H. Hauschild ,&nbsp;Corbin C. McElrath ,&nbsp;Cyrus Owens ,&nbsp;David W. Forrest ,&nbsp;Angela R. Bazzi ,&nbsp;Naida De Los Santos ,&nbsp;Hansel E. Tookes ,&nbsp;Tyler S. Bartholomew","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Xylazine, a veterinary tranquilizer not approved for human use, has increasingly contaminated the unregulated drug supply in the United States and is a key driver of an increasingly synthetic, polysubstance overdose crisis. While research has focused on xylazine’s toxicologic and physiologic effects, less is known about its psychosocial consequences for people who use drugs (PWUD) and their implications for harm reduction services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 17 PWUD and 8 staff at a syringe services program in Miami, FL from June–July 2023. Emergent codes in the transcripts were identified using inductive memos. Final themes were established through team-based thematic analysis and validated through member-checking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants reported that xylazine intensified five key psychosocial harms that exacerbated existing challenges for PWUD, including 1) keeping oneself and others alive; 2) protecting oneself and one’s possessions; (3) curbing withdrawal; (4) entering and remaining in addiction recovery; and (5) fitting into society.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Xylazine’s emergence has compounded existing harms for PWUD and introduced new challenges for harm reduction services. This study underscores the need for novel and expanded harm reduction services that go beyond traditional opioid-focused approaches to encompass the complexity of polysubstance use and the unique features of xylazine dependence. This includes additional drug-checking services for xylazine detection, updated clinical protocols for xylazine-related wound care and substance use disorder treatment complicated by xylazine dependence and polysubstance use, and expanded social and psychological support—for PWUD and the frontline harm reduction staff who care for them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk alcohol consumption is associated with mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns in people living with HIV","authors":"Shannon R. Gilstrap ,&nbsp;Micheal D. Ho ,&nbsp;Joanna M. Hobson ,&nbsp;Dyan M. White-Gilliam ,&nbsp;Khalid Freij ,&nbsp;Michael A. Owens ,&nbsp;Shameka L. Cody ,&nbsp;S. Justin Thomas ,&nbsp;Robert E. Sorge ,&nbsp;Burel R. Goodin","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohol (i.e., ethanol; EtOH) use disorders are common in people with HIV (PWH) and are associated with poor health outcomes. One potential reason for these poor health outcomes in PWH is that alcohol use is associated with mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, potentially leading to cell death. However, the link between alcohol use and mitochondrial functioning in PWH remains unclear. This study specifically investigated the relationship between high-risk alcohol consumption and mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mDAMPs) in PWH and people without HIV. We analyzed mDAMPs in 122 participants (51 HIV, 71 HIV-) before and after exposure to experimental pain testing to examine mDAMPs reactivity in response to noxious stress. Mitochondrial DAMPs were quantified from serum samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction, providing two variables: ND1 and ND6. High-risk alcohol consumption was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – C (AUDIT-C) questionnaire. In this study, we tested whether HIV status influenced the relationship between high-risk alcohol use and mitochondrial damage. Our findings revealed that PWH who engaged in high-risk alcohol consumption exhibited significantly increased mDAMPs following exposure to experimental pain testing for both ND1 (p = 0.045) and ND6 (p = 0.047). These results suggest that the effects of alcohol consumption on mitochondrial damage and dysfunction may be exacerbated by HIV infection. This study highlights the risk of high-risk alcohol consumption on mitochondrial health for PWH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}