Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050155
A. L. Kuzemsky
The aim of this work is to discuss concisely the modern paradigm of the concept of time and to analyze its relevance and applicability in the context of classical and relativistic physics. We are touching briefly the different notion of time in classical and quantum mechanics and in special and general relativity to analyze their compatibility or incompatibility. In quantum mechanics we deal with the absolute character of Newtonian (dynamical) time, whereas in quantum field theories we consider the Minkowski metric as the background space-time (at least partially). Classical general relativity is characterized by a dynamical spacetime, but as regards to the quantum gravity the situation is more complicated. We discussed the consequences which these circumstances cause in the quantum gravity theory (“time paradox”) when attempt to operate with both the dynamical spacetime and the so-called “non-dynamical” time. We analyzed critically whether the last notion may be justified with the aid of an analogy with the “coarse grain” averaging procedure in statistical thermodynamics.
{"title":"Temporal Behavior of Complex Systems: From Microworld to Macroworld","authors":"A. L. Kuzemsky","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050155","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this work is to discuss concisely the modern paradigm of the concept of time and to analyze its relevance and applicability in the context of classical and relativistic physics. We are touching briefly the different notion of time in classical and quantum mechanics and in special and general relativity to analyze their compatibility or incompatibility. In quantum mechanics we deal with the absolute character of Newtonian (dynamical) time, whereas in quantum field theories we consider the Minkowski metric as the background space-time (at least partially). Classical general relativity is characterized by a dynamical spacetime, but as regards to the quantum gravity the situation is more complicated. We discussed the consequences which these circumstances cause in the quantum gravity theory (“time paradox”) when attempt to operate with both the dynamical spacetime and the so-called “non-dynamical” time. We analyzed critically whether the last notion may be justified with the aid of an analogy with the “coarse grain” averaging procedure in statistical thermodynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"843 - 868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050167
V. D. Lakhno, I. V. Amirkhanov, A. V. Volokhova, E. V. Zemlyanaya, I. V. Puzynin, T. P. Puzynina, V. S. Rikhvitskii, M. V. Bashashin
Exploration of electron hydration on the basis of the technique developed by the authors in the dynamic model of the polaron is reviewed. The works that present the progress in theoretical and experimental studies of electron hydration are considered. Mathematical formulation of the problems and computational schemes are developed, and problem-oriented software packages using parallel programming MPI technology are created. Results of numerical simulation and calculation of observable physical characteristics of the electron hydration process under study are presented. The good agreement between the numerical calculations and corresponding experimental data shows that the methods suggested are effective and can be successfully used and advanced in the future.
{"title":"Dynamic Model of the Polaron for Studying Electron Hydration","authors":"V. D. Lakhno, I. V. Amirkhanov, A. V. Volokhova, E. V. Zemlyanaya, I. V. Puzynin, T. P. Puzynina, V. S. Rikhvitskii, M. V. Bashashin","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050167","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exploration of electron hydration on the basis of the technique developed by the authors in the dynamic model of the polaron is reviewed. The works that present the progress in theoretical and experimental studies of electron hydration are considered. Mathematical formulation of the problems and computational schemes are developed, and problem-oriented software packages using parallel programming MPI technology are created. Results of numerical simulation and calculation of observable physical characteristics of the electron hydration process under study are presented. The good agreement between the numerical calculations and corresponding experimental data shows that the methods suggested are effective and can be successfully used and advanced in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"869 - 883"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050192
K. A. Postnov, N. A. Mitichkin
We briefly discuss a possible cosmological implication of the observed binary black hole mergings detected by LIGO-Virgo-Kagra collaboration (GWTC-3 catalogue) for the primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the early Universe. We show that the bumpy chirp mass distribution of the LVK BH + BH binaries can be fit with two distinct and almost equal populations: (1) astrophysical mergings from BH + BH formed in the modern Universe from evolution of massive binaries and (2) mergings of binary PBHs with initial log-normal mass distribution. We find that the PBH central mass (({{M}_{c}} simeq 30{{M}_{ odot }})) and distribution width derived from the observed LVK chirp masses are almost insensitive to the assumed double PBH formation model. To comply with the observed LVK BH + BH merging rate, the CDM PBH mass fraction should be ({{f}_{{{text{pbh}}}}} sim {{10}^{{ - 3}}}) but can be higher if PBH clustering is taken into account.
{"title":"On the Primordial Binary Black Hole Mergings in LIGO-Virgo-Kagra Data","authors":"K. A. Postnov, N. A. Mitichkin","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050192","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We briefly discuss a possible cosmological implication of the observed binary black hole mergings detected by LIGO-Virgo-Kagra collaboration (GWTC-3 catalogue) for the primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the early Universe. We show that the bumpy chirp mass distribution of the LVK BH + BH binaries can be fit with two distinct and almost equal populations: (1) astrophysical mergings from BH + BH formed in the modern Universe from evolution of massive binaries and (2) mergings of binary PBHs with initial log-normal mass distribution. We find that the PBH central mass (<span>({{M}_{c}} simeq 30{{M}_{ odot }})</span>) and distribution width derived from the observed LVK chirp masses are almost insensitive to the assumed double PBH formation model. To comply with the observed LVK BH + BH merging rate, the CDM PBH mass fraction should be <span>({{f}_{{{text{pbh}}}}} sim {{10}^{{ - 3}}})</span> but can be higher if PBH clustering is taken into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"884 - 888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050106
A. L. Kataev, V. S. Molokoedov
In this work we consider the possibility of representing the perturbative series for renormalization group invariant quantities in QCD in the form of their decomposition in powers of the conformal anomaly ({{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}) in the (overline {{text{MS}}} )-scheme. We remind that such expansion is possible for the Adler function of the process of ({{e}^{ + }}{{e}^{ - }}) annihilation into hadrons and the coefficient function of the Bjorken polarized sum rule for the deep-inelastic electron-nucleon scattering, which are both related by the CBK relation. In addition, we study the discussed decomposition for the static quark-antiquark Coulomb-like potential, its relation with the quantity defined by the cusp anomalous dimension and the coefficient function of the Bjorken unpolarized sum rule of neutrino-nucleon scattering. In conclusion we also present the formal results of applying this approach to the non-renormalization invariant ratio between the pole and (overline {{text{MS}}} )-scheme running mass of heavy quark in QCD and compare them with those already known in the literature. The arguments in favor of the validity of the considered representation in powers of ({{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}) for all mentioned renorm-invariant perturbative quantities are discussed.
{"title":"Representation of the RG-Invariant Quantities in Perturbative QCD through Powers of the Conformal Anomaly","authors":"A. L. Kataev, V. S. Molokoedov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050106","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work we consider the possibility of representing the perturbative series for renormalization group invariant quantities in QCD in the form of their decomposition in powers of the conformal anomaly <span>({{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{{alpha }_{s}}}})</span> in the <span>(overline {{text{MS}}} )</span>-scheme. We remind that such expansion is possible for the Adler function of the process of <span>({{e}^{ + }}{{e}^{ - }})</span> annihilation into hadrons and the coefficient function of the Bjorken polarized sum rule for the deep-inelastic electron-nucleon scattering, which are both related by the CBK relation. In addition, we study the discussed decomposition for the static quark-antiquark Coulomb-like potential, its relation with the quantity defined by the cusp anomalous dimension and the coefficient function of the Bjorken unpolarized sum rule of neutrino-nucleon scattering. In conclusion we also present the formal results of applying this approach to the non-renormalization invariant ratio between the pole and <span>(overline {{text{MS}}} )</span>-scheme running mass of heavy quark in QCD and compare them with those already known in the literature. The arguments in favor of the validity of the considered representation in powers of <span>({{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{{alpha }_{s}}}})</span> for all mentioned renorm-invariant perturbative quantities are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"931 - 941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063779623050106.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41083951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050040
S. Aristarkhov
In this paper we critically analyse W. Heisenberg’s arguments against the ontology of point particles following trajectories in quantum theory, presented in his famous 1927 paper and in his Chicago lectures (1929). Along the way, we will clarify the meaning of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation and help resolve some confusions related to it.
{"title":"Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and Particle Trajectories","authors":"S. Aristarkhov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050040","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper we critically analyse W. Heisenberg’s arguments against the ontology of point particles following trajectories in quantum theory, presented in his famous 1927 paper and in his Chicago lectures (1929). Along the way, we will clarify the meaning of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation and help resolve some confusions related to it.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"984 - 990"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41083921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050234
A. F. Zakharov
General relativity (GR), created more than a century ago, has been checked in various experimental and observational tests. At an early stage of its development, GR predictions were tested in problems where the gravitational field is weak and relativistic corrections can be considered as small perturbations of the Newtonian theory of gravity. However, in recent years due to the progress of new technologies it turned out to be possible to verify the predictions of GR in the limit of a strong gravitational field, as it was done to verify predictions about the profile of the X-ray line of iron (Kalpha ), estimates of the gravitational wave signal during the mergers of binary black holes and/or neutron stars and during the reconstruction of the shadows of black holes in Sgr A* and M87*. Groups of astronomers using the Keck and VLT (GRAVITY) telescopes confirmed the GR predictions for the redshift of the spectral lines of the S2 star near the passage of its pericenter (these predictions were done in the first post-Newtonian approximation). It is expected that in the near future, observations of bright stars using large telescopes VLT (GRAVITY), Keck, E-ELT and TMT will allow us to verify the predictions of GR in the strong gravitational field of supermassive black holes. Observations of bright stars in the vicinity of the Galactic Center and reconstructions of the shadows of black holes allow not only to verify the predictions of the GR, but also to obtain restrictions on alternative theories of gravity.
{"title":"Trajectories of Bright Stars and Shadows around Supermassive Black Holes as Tests of Gravity Theories","authors":"A. F. Zakharov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050234","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050234","url":null,"abstract":"<p>General relativity (GR), created more than a century ago, has been checked in various experimental and observational tests. At an early stage of its development, GR predictions were tested in problems where the gravitational field is weak and relativistic corrections can be considered as small perturbations of the Newtonian theory of gravity. However, in recent years due to the progress of new technologies it turned out to be possible to verify the predictions of GR in the limit of a strong gravitational field, as it was done to verify predictions about the profile of the X-ray line of iron <span>(Kalpha )</span>, estimates of the gravitational wave signal during the mergers of binary black holes and/or neutron stars and during the reconstruction of the shadows of black holes in Sgr A* and M87*. Groups of astronomers using the Keck and VLT (GRAVITY) telescopes confirmed the GR predictions for the redshift of the spectral lines of the S2 star near the passage of its pericenter (these predictions were done in the first post-Newtonian approximation). It is expected that in the near future, observations of bright stars using large telescopes VLT (GRAVITY), Keck, E-ELT and TMT will allow us to verify the predictions of GR in the strong gravitational field of supermassive black holes. Observations of bright stars in the vicinity of the Galactic Center and reconstructions of the shadows of black holes allow not only to verify the predictions of the GR, but also to obtain restrictions on alternative theories of gravity.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"889 - 895"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063779623050234.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41083950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050076
G. D’Abramo
In 1905, Einstein gave his first derivation of the mass-energy equivalence by studying, in different reference frames, the energy balance of a body emitting electromagnetic radiation and assuming special relativity as a prerequisite. Here, we reassess the logical soundness of Einstein’s approach and the validity of one assumption crucial for his derivation. That assumption has nothing to do with special relativity. If we accept that assumption as valid, the essence of the mass-energy equivalence (but not its exact formula) can be reached without special relativity or any full-fledged physical theory. However, that assumption is unsupported from a physics viewpoint, and with its use, Einstein was begging the question. We also show why a consequence of the widely received interpretation of (E = m{{c}^{2}}) (i.e., every kind of energy has a mass) can be problematic.
{"title":"Einstein’s 1905 Derivation of the Mass-Energy Equivalence: Is It Valid? Is Energy Always Equal to Mass and Vice Versa?","authors":"G. D’Abramo","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050076","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 1905, Einstein gave his first derivation of the mass-energy equivalence by studying, in different reference frames, the energy balance of a body emitting electromagnetic radiation and assuming special relativity as a prerequisite. Here, we reassess the logical soundness of Einstein’s approach and the validity of one assumption crucial for his derivation. That assumption has nothing to do with special relativity. If we accept that assumption as valid, the essence of the mass-energy equivalence (but not its exact formula) can be reached without special relativity or any full-fledged physical theory. However, that assumption is unsupported from a physics viewpoint, and with its use, Einstein was begging the question. We also show why a consequence of the widely received interpretation of <span>(E = m{{c}^{2}})</span> (i.e., every kind of energy has a mass) can be problematic.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"966 - 971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050222
Xiao-Song Wang
Since the general theory of relativity (GR) meets some difficulties, it seems that new considerations on the ether theories of gravitation in the history are needed. A theory of gravity based on some new concepts of ether and particles is briefly reviewed. In this theory, the universe is filled with a kind of fluid which may be called the (Omega (0)) substratum, or we say the gravitational ether. Particles are modeled as sink flows in the (Omega (0)) substratum. Newton’s law of gravitation is derived by methods of fluid mechanics. Thus, gravity is interpreted as attractive force between sinks in the (Omega (0)) substratum. The theoretical calculation of the cosmological constant (CC) based on a mechanical model of vacuum is briefly reviewed. A proposed solution of the cosmological constant problem (CCP) is discussed. Inspired by the association of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW170817 and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) event GRB 170817A, we propose a theoretical calculation of the mass density of the electromagnetic ether.
{"title":"The New Concepts of Ether and Calculation of the Cosmological Constant","authors":"Xiao-Song Wang","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050222","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the general theory of relativity (GR) meets some difficulties, it seems that new considerations on the ether theories of gravitation in the history are needed. A theory of gravity based on some new concepts of ether and particles is briefly reviewed. In this theory, the universe is filled with a kind of fluid which may be called the <span>(Omega (0))</span> substratum, or we say the gravitational ether. Particles are modeled as sink flows in the <span>(Omega (0))</span> substratum. Newton’s law of gravitation is derived by methods of fluid mechanics. Thus, gravity is interpreted as attractive force between sinks in the <span>(Omega (0))</span> substratum. The theoretical calculation of the cosmological constant (CC) based on a mechanical model of vacuum is briefly reviewed. A proposed solution of the cosmological constant problem (CCP) is discussed. Inspired by the association of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW170817 and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) event GRB 170817A, we propose a theoretical calculation of the mass density of the electromagnetic ether.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"991 - 996"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050131
A. V. Kotikov, I. A. Zemlyakov
{"title":"About Fractional Analytic QCD","authors":"A. V. Kotikov, I. A. Zemlyakov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050131","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"942 - 947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050039
I. Ya. Aref’eva
This contribution is devoted to holographic quantum chromodynamics (HQCD) with a focus on studying the properties of quark-gluon plasma, which can in principle be extracted from experiments with heavy ion collisions (HIC). The main characteristic is the structure of the phase diagram, which divides the ((mu ,T)) plane into an hadronic phase and a quark-gluon phase. In this phase diagram there is also a phase transition line associated with chiral symmetry breaking, as well as a phase transition line associated with the quarkyonic phase. We present a holographic model for which the quarkyonic phase naturally appears. We show that the line of the hadronic phase—quarkyonic phase transition essentially depends on anisotropy and, in particular, on the magnetic field.
{"title":"HQCD: HIC in Holographic Approach","authors":"I. Ya. Aref’eva","doi":"10.1134/S1063779623050039","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779623050039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This contribution is devoted to holographic quantum chromodynamics (HQCD) with a focus on studying the properties of quark-gluon plasma, which can in principle be extracted from experiments with heavy ion collisions (HIC). The main characteristic is the structure of the phase diagram, which divides the <span>((mu ,T))</span> plane into an hadronic phase and a quark-gluon phase. In this phase diagram there is also a phase transition line associated with chiral symmetry breaking, as well as a phase transition line associated with the quarkyonic phase. We present a holographic model for which the quarkyonic phase naturally appears. We show that the line of the hadronic phase—quarkyonic phase transition essentially depends on anisotropy and, in particular, on the magnetic field.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"54 5","pages":"924 - 930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}