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Temporal Behavior of Complex Systems: From Microworld to Macroworld 复杂系统的时间行为:从微观世界到宏观世界
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050155
A. L. Kuzemsky

The aim of this work is to discuss concisely the modern paradigm of the concept of time and to analyze its relevance and applicability in the context of classical and relativistic physics. We are touching briefly the different notion of time in classical and quantum mechanics and in special and general relativity to analyze their compatibility or incompatibility. In quantum mechanics we deal with the absolute character of Newtonian (dynamical) time, whereas in quantum field theories we consider the Minkowski metric as the background space-time (at least partially). Classical general relativity is characterized by a dynamical spacetime, but as regards to the quantum gravity the situation is more complicated. We discussed the consequences which these circumstances cause in the quantum gravity theory (“time paradox”) when attempt to operate with both the dynamical spacetime and the so-called “non-dynamical” time. We analyzed critically whether the last notion may be justified with the aid of an analogy with the “coarse grain” averaging procedure in statistical thermodynamics.

这项工作的目的是简要讨论时间概念的现代范式,并分析其在经典和相对论物理学背景下的相关性和适用性。我们简要地讨论了经典力学和量子力学以及狭义相对论和广义相对论中不同的时间概念,以分析它们的兼容性或不兼容性。在量子力学中,我们处理牛顿(动力学)时间的绝对性质,而在量子场论中,我们将闵可夫斯基度量视为背景时空(至少部分)。经典广义相对论的特征是动态时空,但就量子引力而言,情况更为复杂。我们讨论了在量子引力理论(“时间悖论”)中,当试图同时处理动力学时空和所谓的“非动力学”时间时,这些情况所造成的后果。我们批判性地分析了最后一个概念是否可以通过与统计热力学中的“粗粒”平均过程的类比来证明。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Model of the Polaron for Studying Electron Hydration 用于研究电子水合的极化子动力学模型
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050167
V. D. Lakhno, I. V. Amirkhanov, A. V. Volokhova, E. V. Zemlyanaya, I. V. Puzynin, T. P. Puzynina, V. S. Rikhvitskii, M. V. Bashashin

Exploration of electron hydration on the basis of the technique developed by the authors in the dynamic model of the polaron is reviewed. The works that present the progress in theoretical and experimental studies of electron hydration are considered. Mathematical formulation of the problems and computational schemes are developed, and problem-oriented software packages using parallel programming MPI technology are created. Results of numerical simulation and calculation of observable physical characteristics of the electron hydration process under study are presented. The good agreement between the numerical calculations and corresponding experimental data shows that the methods suggested are effective and can be successfully used and advanced in the future.

综述了作者在极化子动力学模型技术的基础上对电子水合的探索。介绍了电子水合的理论和实验研究进展。开发了问题的数学公式和计算方案,并使用并行编程MPI技术创建了面向问题的软件包。给出了所研究的电子水化过程的数值模拟和可观测物理特性的计算结果。数值计算与相应的实验数据吻合良好,表明所提出的方法是有效的,可以在未来得到成功的应用和推广。
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引用次数: 0
On the Primordial Binary Black Hole Mergings in LIGO-Virgo-Kagra Data 关于LIGO Virgo Kagra数据中的原始二元黑洞合并
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050192
K. A. Postnov, N. A. Mitichkin

We briefly discuss a possible cosmological implication of the observed binary black hole mergings detected by LIGO-Virgo-Kagra collaboration (GWTC-3 catalogue) for the primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the early Universe. We show that the bumpy chirp mass distribution of the LVK BH + BH binaries can be fit with two distinct and almost equal populations: (1) astrophysical mergings from BH + BH formed in the modern Universe from evolution of massive binaries and (2) mergings of binary PBHs with initial log-normal mass distribution. We find that the PBH central mass (({{M}_{c}} simeq 30{{M}_{ odot }})) and distribution width derived from the observed LVK chirp masses are almost insensitive to the assumed double PBH formation model. To comply with the observed LVK BH + BH merging rate, the CDM PBH mass fraction should be ({{f}_{{{text{pbh}}}}} sim {{10}^{{ - 3}}}) but can be higher if PBH clustering is taken into account.

我们简要讨论了LIGO Virgo Kagra合作(GWTC-3目录)探测到的双星黑洞合并对早期宇宙中原始黑洞(PBH)形成的可能的宇宙学含义。我们证明,LVK BH+BH双星的颠簸啁啾质量分布可以与两个不同且几乎相等的种群相拟合:(1)大质量双星进化形成的现代宇宙中BH+BH的天体物理合并;(2)具有初始对数正态质量分布的双星PBH的合并。我们发现PBH中心质量(({{M}_{c} {simeq 30{{M}_{dodot})和从观测到的LVK线性调频质量导出的分布宽度对假定的双PBH形成模型几乎不敏感。为了符合观察到的LVK BH+BH合并速率,CDM PBH质量分数应为({{f}_{{text{pbh}{sim{10}^{-3}}),但如果考虑pbh聚类,则可能更高。
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引用次数: 2
Representation of the RG-Invariant Quantities in Perturbative QCD through Powers of the Conformal Anomaly 扰动QCD中RG不变量的保形异常幂表示
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050106
A. L. Kataev, V. S. Molokoedov

In this work we consider the possibility of representing the perturbative series for renormalization group invariant quantities in QCD in the form of their decomposition in powers of the conformal anomaly ({{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}) in the (overline {{text{MS}}} )-scheme. We remind that such expansion is possible for the Adler function of the process of ({{e}^{ + }}{{e}^{ - }}) annihilation into hadrons and the coefficient function of the Bjorken polarized sum rule for the deep-inelastic electron-nucleon scattering, which are both related by the CBK relation. In addition, we study the discussed decomposition for the static quark-antiquark Coulomb-like potential, its relation with the quantity defined by the cusp anomalous dimension and the coefficient function of the Bjorken unpolarized sum rule of neutrino-nucleon scattering. In conclusion we also present the formal results of applying this approach to the non-renormalization invariant ratio between the pole and (overline {{text{MS}}} )-scheme running mass of heavy quark in QCD and compare them with those already known in the literature. The arguments in favor of the validity of the considered representation in powers of ({{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{beta ({{alpha }_{s}})} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{{alpha }_{s}}}}) for all mentioned renorm-invariant perturbative quantities are discussed.

在这项工作中,我们考虑了在QCD中以共形异常的幂分解的形式表示重正化群不变量的微扰级数的可能性。kern-0em}({{alpha}_{s}})})。我们提醒,这种展开对于({{e}^{+}}{e}^}-})湮灭成强子过程的Adler函数和深非弹性电子-核子散射的Bjorken极化和规则的系数函数是可能的,这两个函数都与CBK关系有关。此外,我们还研究了所讨论的静态夸克反夸克类库仑势的分解,它与中微子-核子散射Bjorken非极化和规则的尖点异常维数和系数函数定义的量的关系。最后,我们还提出了将这种方法应用于QCD中重夸克极与(overline{text{MS}})-方案运行质量之间的非重整化不变比的正式结果,并将其与文献中已知的结果进行了比较。支持所考虑的表示的有效性的论点是({β({{α}_{s})}mathod/{vphantom{β。kern-0em}{{{alpha}_。
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引用次数: 0
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and Particle Trajectories 海森堡不确定性原理与粒子轨迹
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050040
S. Aristarkhov

In this paper we critically analyse W. Heisenberg’s arguments against the ontology of point particles following trajectories in quantum theory, presented in his famous 1927 paper and in his Chicago lectures (1929). Along the way, we will clarify the meaning of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation and help resolve some confusions related to it.

在本文中,我们批判性地分析了W·海森堡反对量子理论中点粒子遵循轨迹的本体论的论点,该论点在他1927年的著名论文和他的芝加哥讲座(1929)中提出。在此过程中,我们将阐明海森堡不确定性关系的含义,并帮助解决与之相关的一些困惑。
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引用次数: 0
Trajectories of Bright Stars and Shadows around Supermassive Black Holes as Tests of Gravity Theories 超大质量黑洞周围明亮恒星和阴影的轨道作为引力理论的检验
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050234
A. F. Zakharov

General relativity (GR), created more than a century ago, has been checked in various experimental and observational tests. At an early stage of its development, GR predictions were tested in problems where the gravitational field is weak and relativistic corrections can be considered as small perturbations of the Newtonian theory of gravity. However, in recent years due to the progress of new technologies it turned out to be possible to verify the predictions of GR in the limit of a strong gravitational field, as it was done to verify predictions about the profile of the X-ray line of iron (Kalpha ), estimates of the gravitational wave signal during the mergers of binary black holes and/or neutron stars and during the reconstruction of the shadows of black holes in Sgr A* and M87*. Groups of astronomers using the Keck and VLT (GRAVITY) telescopes confirmed the GR predictions for the redshift of the spectral lines of the S2 star near the passage of its pericenter (these predictions were done in the first post-Newtonian approximation). It is expected that in the near future, observations of bright stars using large telescopes VLT (GRAVITY), Keck, E-ELT and TMT will allow us to verify the predictions of GR in the strong gravitational field of supermassive black holes. Observations of bright stars in the vicinity of the Galactic Center and reconstructions of the shadows of black holes allow not only to verify the predictions of the GR, but also to obtain restrictions on alternative theories of gravity.

一个多世纪前创建的广义相对论已经在各种实验和观测测试中得到了验证。在其发展的早期阶段,GR预测在引力场较弱的问题中进行了测试,相对论修正可以被视为牛顿引力理论的小扰动。然而,近年来,由于新技术的进步,在强引力场的极限下验证GR的预测是可能的,因为它是为了验证关于铁(Kalpha)的X射线线轮廓的预测,二元黑洞和/或中子星合并期间以及Sgr A*和M87*黑洞阴影重建期间的引力波信号估计。使用Keck和VLT(GRAVITY)望远镜的天文学家小组证实了对S2恒星通过周心附近谱线红移的GR预测(这些预测是在第一次后牛顿近似中完成的)。预计在不久的将来,使用VLT(GRAVITY)、Keck、E-ELT和TMT大型望远镜对明亮恒星的观测将使我们能够在超大质量黑洞的强引力场中验证GR的预测。对银河中心附近明亮恒星的观测和黑洞阴影的重建不仅可以验证GR的预测,还可以限制其他引力理论。
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引用次数: 0
Einstein’s 1905 Derivation of the Mass-Energy Equivalence: Is It Valid? Is Energy Always Equal to Mass and Vice Versa? 爱因斯坦1905年关于质能等价的推导:有效吗?能量总是等于质量吗?反之亦然?
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050076
G. D’Abramo

In 1905, Einstein gave his first derivation of the mass-energy equivalence by studying, in different reference frames, the energy balance of a body emitting electromagnetic radiation and assuming special relativity as a prerequisite. Here, we reassess the logical soundness of Einstein’s approach and the validity of one assumption crucial for his derivation. That assumption has nothing to do with special relativity. If we accept that assumption as valid, the essence of the mass-energy equivalence (but not its exact formula) can be reached without special relativity or any full-fledged physical theory. However, that assumption is unsupported from a physics viewpoint, and with its use, Einstein was begging the question. We also show why a consequence of the widely received interpretation of (E = m{{c}^{2}}) (i.e., every kind of energy has a mass) can be problematic.

1905年,爱因斯坦通过在不同的参考系中研究发射电磁辐射的物体的能量平衡,并将狭义相对论作为先决条件,首次推导出了质能等效。在这里,我们重新评估爱因斯坦方法的逻辑合理性,以及对他的推导至关重要的一个假设的有效性。这个假设与狭义相对论无关。如果我们接受这一假设是有效的,那么在没有狭义相对论或任何成熟的物理理论的情况下,质能等价的本质(但不是其确切公式)是可以达到的。然而,从物理学的角度来看,这一假设是不成立的,爱因斯坦使用它是在乞求这个问题。我们还展示了为什么广泛接受的对(E=m{{c}^{2}})的解释的结果(即,每种能量都有质量)可能是有问题的。
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引用次数: 1
The New Concepts of Ether and Calculation of the Cosmological Constant 以太的新概念与宇宙常数的计算
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050222
Xiao-Song Wang

Since the general theory of relativity (GR) meets some difficulties, it seems that new considerations on the ether theories of gravitation in the history are needed. A theory of gravity based on some new concepts of ether and particles is briefly reviewed. In this theory, the universe is filled with a kind of fluid which may be called the (Omega (0)) substratum, or we say the gravitational ether. Particles are modeled as sink flows in the (Omega (0)) substratum. Newton’s law of gravitation is derived by methods of fluid mechanics. Thus, gravity is interpreted as attractive force between sinks in the (Omega (0)) substratum. The theoretical calculation of the cosmological constant (CC) based on a mechanical model of vacuum is briefly reviewed. A proposed solution of the cosmological constant problem (CCP) is discussed. Inspired by the association of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW170817 and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) event GRB 170817A, we propose a theoretical calculation of the mass density of the electromagnetic ether.

由于广义相对论遇到了一些困难,似乎需要对历史上的以太引力理论进行新的思考。简要回顾了基于醚和粒子的一些新概念的引力理论。在这个理论中,宇宙充满了一种流体,这种流体可以被称为(Omega(0))基质,或者我们称之为引力以太。粒子被建模为(Omega(0))底层中的汇流。牛顿引力定律是用流体力学的方法推导出来的。因此,重力被解释为(Omega(0))底层中水槽之间的吸引力。简要回顾了基于真空力学模型的宇宙学常数(CC)的理论计算。讨论了宇宙学常数问题(CCP)的一个拟议解。受引力波(GW)事件GW170817和伽马射线暴(GRB)事件GRB170817A的关联启发,我们提出了电磁以太质量密度的理论计算。
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引用次数: 0
About Fractional Analytic QCD 关于分数分析QCD
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050131
A. V. Kotikov, I. A. Zemlyakov
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引用次数: 0
HQCD: HIC in Holographic Approach HQCD:全息方法中的HIC
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779623050039
I. Ya. Aref’eva

This contribution is devoted to holographic quantum chromodynamics (HQCD) with a focus on studying the properties of quark-gluon plasma, which can in principle be extracted from experiments with heavy ion collisions (HIC). The main characteristic is the structure of the phase diagram, which divides the ((mu ,T)) plane into an hadronic phase and a quark-gluon phase. In this phase diagram there is also a phase transition line associated with chiral symmetry breaking, as well as a phase transition line associated with the quarkyonic phase. We present a holographic model for which the quarkyonic phase naturally appears. We show that the line of the hadronic phase—quarkyonic phase transition essentially depends on anisotropy and, in particular, on the magnetic field.

这一贡献致力于全息量子色动力学(HQCD),重点研究夸克胶子等离子体的性质,原则上可以从重离子碰撞(HIC)实验中提取。主要特征是相图的结构,它将(mu,T))平面划分为强子相和夸克胶子相。在该相图中,还有一条与手性对称性破缺有关的相变线,以及一条与夸克相有关的相变线上。我们提出了一个全息模型,其中夸克相位自然出现。我们证明了强子相-夸克相变的线本质上取决于各向异性,特别是磁场。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Physics of Particles and Nuclei
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