Physics of Particles and Nuclei最新文献

Collective effects are reviewed for collisions of various systems—from proton-proton to heavy ion—in wide energy range. In proton–proton interactions studies of hadron jets devote to the better understanding of some basic features of strong interaction and search for the physics beyond of Standard Model. First results have been obtained for massive gauge bosons and antitop-top pair production in proton–nuclear and heavy ion collisions at multi-TeV energies. The collectivity has been observed for various particle and beam species, in particular, in collision of small systems. Experimental results obtained for discrete symmetries of strong interaction at finite temperature confirm indirectly the topologically non-trivial structure of the vacuum. The recent measurements of femtoscopic correlations provide, in particular, the indirect estimations for parameters of hyperon-nucleon potentials which are essential for study of inner structure of compact astrophysical objects. Novel mechanism for multiparticle production due to collectivity can be expected in very high energy nuclear collisions and it may be helpful for better understanding of the nature of the muon puzzle in ultra-high energy cosmic ray measurements. Thus studies of collective effects in strong interaction processes provide new important results for relativistic astrophysics, cosmology and cosmic ray physics, i.e. have interdisciplinary significance.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest technological advancements regarding the critical point of the chiral symmetry phase transition, with a particular focus on effective field theories in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It delves into the intricacies of these key points, utilizing theoretical tools to study the associated phenomena.

Inclusive processes at high energies are studied in a non-perturbative approach in QCD using a modified quark-gluon string model. Theoretical and experimental aspects of diffraction dissociation are discussed. In the calculations of cross sections, the parameters of complex nonlinear trajectories of Pomeranchuk and Reggeons are used. Particular attention is paid to elastic and inelastic processes at LHC energies.

In this report we briefly discuss some aspects of field correlator method and its application to the description of quark-gluon plasma and some observable effects that can exist in it.

The article presents the theoretical research results of the basic mechanisms of action of accelerated heavy charged particles on the structures of the central nervous system considering their complex geometry. An analysis is performed of spatial distribution regularities of absorbed dose and the probability of hitting different parts of the cell by particles (body, axon, dendrites, spines) when irradiated with charged particles—from protons to iron ions with energies ranging from 10 to 1000 MeV/nucleon. Reactions leading to the formation of both direct and indirect molecular damage in the genetic apparatus and synapses of neurons are considered, involving physical processes that lead to bond rupture as well as chemical reactions with water radiolysis products. The main modeling parameters needed to verify the calculations using experimental results are also discussed. The data can be used for further analysis of radiation risks during interplanetary missions, as well as for evaluating the side effects of hadron therapy.

In this paper we consider the possibility of the stable migration of the single vibron excitation in the system consisting of biomolecule and the attached molecular structure. The model is based on the assumption of the vibron self-trapping and the formation of the non-adiabatic polaron quasiparticle. We have shown that, contrary to the prediction of the non-polaronic model, excitation occurs at a large intramolecular distance from its origin with high probability for a time long enough to affect the biochemical processes in which the molecular chain participates.

The variational quantum algorithm (VQA) is designed to simulate an (N)-particle wave function of an electronic system of molecules using programmable quantum computers. This brief review, presented at the International Workshop on Mathematical Problems of Quantum Information Technologies (May 2024, Dubna), traces the evolution of the algorithm from a version originating from the unitary coupled cluster method, UCCSD, in computational quantum chemistry to a new version, ADAPT-VQA, adapted for practical implementation on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing devices.

The repetition of Grover-diffusion operator the order of √N times is the essence of the Grover quantum selection algorithm. For large N the coherence time T2 of the qubits limits the application of the algorithm. We explore what other operators could be devised in its place to accelerate convergence. We present a C++ SU(2) model of the Grover-diffusion operator implemented using our SU2 package.

Motivated by a mathematical model of triangular electrostatic ion trap developed in our previous papers, we present a few analogous results for three uniformly charged coplanar discs. To this end we elaborate upon several earlier results on the Coulomb potential and equilibrium points of three non-collinear point charges. In particular, we establish that the Coulomb potential of the so-called trapping charges is a Morse function and give an explicit formula for its hessian at the trapped point. These facts combined with the recent results of Y.-L. Tsai on three point charges with equal magnitudes, enable us to establish that the Coulomb potential of sufficiently small identical uniformly charged discs centered at the vertices of regular triangle has exactly seven critical points. This implies that, for triangular shapes sufficiently close to the regular triangle, the number of equilibrium points of appropriately charged small discs centered at the vertices is not less than seven.

The possibility of calculating the electronic structure of atomic systems using a noisy quantum computer is investigated. For this purpose, the ground state energy of the moscovium atom is calculated using the Qiskit simulator and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver algorithm with the dUCC-SD ansatz. The algorithm parameters are optimized utilizing the Adam procedure. The robustness of the algorithm to noise is studied in the framework of a two-qubit phase damping noise.