Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1030047/v1
I. S. Usuwa, C. Umeokonkwo, Muhammad Shakir Balogun, C. Akpa, I. Zubairu, U. Osigwe, A. Olorukooba, Chukwuemeka Steve Oguanuo, E. Bamgboye, P. Ononigwe, A. Malgwi, C. Enumah, K. Elimian, Abdullai Lawal Iyanda, Morenike Alex-Okoh, J. Oladejo, P. Nguku, Chikwe Iheweazu
Background: Complying with guidelines established to control COVID-19 pandemic is critical to the successful outcome of the response. We assessed the willingness of non-symptomatic incoming international air travelers into Nigeria to comply with COVID-19 public health measures upon arrival and identified the factors influencing them- March 2020. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 500 incoming international air travelers involving 17 nationals across four major international airports in Nigeria using a pre-tested self-administered electronic questionnaire. We estimated the proportions and determined predictors of participants’ willingness to comply with the COVID-19 preventive measures. Predictors were examined using multiple logistic regression at 5% level of significance.Results: Majority (83%) were extremely/very willing to comply with public health guidelines. Perception of severity was a significant predictor of their willingness to stay at home for 14 days upon arrival (AOR: 6.82, 95 CI%: 1.19-24.45). Self -efficacy towards observing self for COVID-19 symptoms was a significant predictor of willingness to observe self for symptoms (AOR: 6.82, 95%CI: 1.19-24.45), and willingness to call of national COVID-19 numbers if symptoms develop (AOR: 6.82, 95% CI: 1.19-24.45). Conclusion: There is a need to improve risk communication interventions against COVID-19 for international air travelers particularly enhancing self-efficacy to improve their compliance to public health measures
{"title":"Factors Influencing Willingness to Comply with Public Health Measures for COVID-19 Among Incoming Air Travelers Into Nigeria from High-Risk Countries: A Cross-Sectional Analysis","authors":"I. S. Usuwa, C. Umeokonkwo, Muhammad Shakir Balogun, C. Akpa, I. Zubairu, U. Osigwe, A. Olorukooba, Chukwuemeka Steve Oguanuo, E. Bamgboye, P. Ononigwe, A. Malgwi, C. Enumah, K. Elimian, Abdullai Lawal Iyanda, Morenike Alex-Okoh, J. Oladejo, P. Nguku, Chikwe Iheweazu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1030047/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1030047/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Complying with guidelines established to control COVID-19 pandemic is critical to the successful outcome of the response. We assessed the willingness of non-symptomatic incoming international air travelers into Nigeria to comply with COVID-19 public health measures upon arrival and identified the factors influencing them- March 2020. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 500 incoming international air travelers involving 17 nationals across four major international airports in Nigeria using a pre-tested self-administered electronic questionnaire. We estimated the proportions and determined predictors of participants’ willingness to comply with the COVID-19 preventive measures. Predictors were examined using multiple logistic regression at 5% level of significance.Results: Majority (83%) were extremely/very willing to comply with public health guidelines. Perception of severity was a significant predictor of their willingness to stay at home for 14 days upon arrival (AOR: 6.82, 95 CI%: 1.19-24.45). Self -efficacy towards observing self for COVID-19 symptoms was a significant predictor of willingness to observe self for symptoms (AOR: 6.82, 95%CI: 1.19-24.45), and willingness to call of national COVID-19 numbers if symptoms develop (AOR: 6.82, 95% CI: 1.19-24.45). Conclusion: There is a need to improve risk communication interventions against COVID-19 for international air travelers particularly enhancing self-efficacy to improve their compliance to public health measures","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45260272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1000355/v1
Essetova G. U., Idrissova L.R, Muminov T.A
COVID pneumonia is difficult to manage in elderly patients over 65 years of age.The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features of the course of COVID pneumonia in a cohort of patients over 65 years old.Materials and methods: We observed patients with community-acquired pneumonia, of whom PCR positive for COVID were 33 patients, mean age 67.6 ± 12 years, men – 11, women – 22; 16 patients had no confirmed virus (COVID PCR negative), mean age 65.5 ± 8.2 years, 7 women and 9 men.Examination results: in the group of COVID patients, the disease more often proceeded according to the type of bilateral polysegmental pneumonia according to CT data, with severe monocytosis, с thrombocytosis and transient increase in creatinine, which required the appointment of intensive anticoagulant therapy. Arterial hypertension was observed in the majority of people. In the control group (PCR -), pneumonia proceeded predominantly as bronchopneumonia, saturation indices were approximately the same in both groups. COVID patients had significantly higher levels of monocytes, blood platelets, CRP, creatinine levels, including arterial hypertension was more common.Conclusion: COVID pneumonia in elderly patients proceeds as multisegmented bilateral pneumonia with moderate disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, which is well controlled due to complex therapy with anticoagulants and antibiotics.
{"title":"Outpatient COVID-19 Pneumonia In Elderly Patients In Kazakhstan","authors":"Essetova G. U., Idrissova L.R, Muminov T.A","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1000355/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1000355/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 COVID pneumonia is difficult to manage in elderly patients over 65 years of age.The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features of the course of COVID pneumonia in a cohort of patients over 65 years old.Materials and methods: We observed patients with community-acquired pneumonia, of whom PCR positive for COVID were 33 patients, mean age 67.6 ± 12 years, men – 11, women – 22; 16 patients had no confirmed virus (COVID PCR negative), mean age 65.5 ± 8.2 years, 7 women and 9 men.Examination results: in the group of COVID patients, the disease more often proceeded according to the type of bilateral polysegmental pneumonia according to CT data, with severe monocytosis, с thrombocytosis and transient increase in creatinine, which required the appointment of intensive anticoagulant therapy. Arterial hypertension was observed in the majority of people. In the control group (PCR -), pneumonia proceeded predominantly as bronchopneumonia, saturation indices were approximately the same in both groups. COVID patients had significantly higher levels of monocytes, blood platelets, CRP, creatinine levels, including arterial hypertension was more common.Conclusion: COVID pneumonia in elderly patients proceeds as multisegmented bilateral pneumonia with moderate disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, which is well controlled due to complex therapy with anticoagulants and antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47957137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-948100/v1
J. Koya, Tong Shen, Geming Lu, Alex G. Gauthier, L. Mantell, C. Ashby, S. Reznik
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects almost 7 million people worldwide and is increasing in incidence. While the precise pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a central role. We have previously found that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), a widely used non-toxic drug excipient, suppresses cytokine and chemokine secretion in vitro and prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth in vivo. Using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we tested whether DMA attenuates cytokine and chemokine secretion from LPS- or TNFa-stimulated human intestinal epithelial cells and human monocytes and HMGB1 release from RAW 264.7 cells. To test our hypothesis that the mechanism of DMA’s effects in in-vitro and in-vivo models of IBD is inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, we used western blotting to track levels of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) inhibitory molecule I kappa B alpha (IkBa) in THP-1 human monocytes in the absence or presence of DMA. Finally, we induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and then tested whether daily i.p injections of DMA at 2.1 g/kg/day attenuates clinical and histopathologic signs of colitis. DMA attenuated cytokine and chemokine release from human intestinal epithelial cells and human monocytes and HMGB1 release from RAW 264.7 cells. Importantly, DMA prevented degradation of IkBa in THP-1 cells, thereby suggesting one mechanism for DMA’s effects. Finally, we show here, for the first time, that DMA attenuates clinical and histologic features of DSS-induced colitis. Based on these data, DMA should be further explored in preclinical and clinical trials for its potential as novel drug therapy for IBD.
{"title":"FDA-Approved Excipient N,N-Dimethylacetamide Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease in In-Vitro and In-Vivo Models","authors":"J. Koya, Tong Shen, Geming Lu, Alex G. Gauthier, L. Mantell, C. Ashby, S. Reznik","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-948100/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-948100/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects almost 7 million people worldwide and is increasing in incidence. While the precise pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a central role. We have previously found that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), a widely used non-toxic drug excipient, suppresses cytokine and chemokine secretion in vitro and prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth in vivo. Using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we tested whether DMA attenuates cytokine and chemokine secretion from LPS- or TNFa-stimulated human intestinal epithelial cells and human monocytes and HMGB1 release from RAW 264.7 cells. To test our hypothesis that the mechanism of DMA’s effects in in-vitro and in-vivo models of IBD is inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, we used western blotting to track levels of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) inhibitory molecule I kappa B alpha (IkBa) in THP-1 human monocytes in the absence or presence of DMA. Finally, we induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and then tested whether daily i.p injections of DMA at 2.1 g/kg/day attenuates clinical and histopathologic signs of colitis. DMA attenuated cytokine and chemokine release from human intestinal epithelial cells and human monocytes and HMGB1 release from RAW 264.7 cells. Importantly, DMA prevented degradation of IkBa in THP-1 cells, thereby suggesting one mechanism for DMA’s effects. Finally, we show here, for the first time, that DMA attenuates clinical and histologic features of DSS-induced colitis. Based on these data, DMA should be further explored in preclinical and clinical trials for its potential as novel drug therapy for IBD.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.10.21264589
Y. Kakinoki, K. Yamada, Y. Tanino, K. Suzuki, T. Ichikawa, A. Nakamura, S. Kukita, A. Uehara, S. Saito, S. Kuroda, H. Sakagami, Y. Nagashima, K. Takahashi, S. Suzuki
ABSTRACT Background. Recent data from clinical trial suggest that antibody cocktail therapy, a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, has been shown to rapidly reduce the viral load and markedly decrease the risk of hospitalization or death among high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, it remains unclear how effective in a real-life clinical setting the therapy is. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed mild to moderate Covid-19 patients with one or more high-risk factors for severe disease who consecutively underwent the antibody cocktail therapy of the disease in our institute in June 2021 through early September 2021, compared to those with high-risk factors who were isolated in non-medical facilities consecutively during the same period, thereby being not given the antibody cocktail therapy there. The key outcome was the percentage of patients with Covid-19-related deterioration which needed additional medical interventions, such as oxygen support or other antiviral therapies. Results. Data from 55 patients with initially receiving antibody cocktail therapy and 53 patients with isolation into non-medical facilities are analyzed. 22 (41.5 %) of 53 patients with isolation facilities were finally hospitalized to receive medical interventions. On the other hand, 13 (23.6 %) of 55 patients with antibody cocktail therapy in our hospital subsequently underwent further medical interventions because of the progression. In multivariate analysis with variables of age, BMI, and high-risk factors, the antibody cocktail therapy significantly reduced 70 % in the need for further medical interventions compared to the initial isolation in the non-medical facilities (odds ratio=0.30, 95%CI [0.10-0.87], p=0.027). Furthermore, patients with 96% or above of SPO2 were significantly more favorable for the therapy than those with 95% or below of SPO2. Conclusion. The treatment of antibody cocktail was closely linked to reduction in the need for further medical interventions. The result indicates that the antibody cocktail therapy is associated with reducing the strain on hospitals, which is related to the improvement of medical management for public health care in Covid-19 pandemic era.
{"title":"Impact of Antibody Cocktail Therapy Combined with Casirivimab and Imdevimab on Clinical Outcome for Covid-19 patients in A Real-Life Setting: A Single Institute Analysis","authors":"Y. Kakinoki, K. Yamada, Y. Tanino, K. Suzuki, T. Ichikawa, A. Nakamura, S. Kukita, A. Uehara, S. Saito, S. Kuroda, H. Sakagami, Y. Nagashima, K. Takahashi, S. Suzuki","doi":"10.1101/2021.10.10.21264589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.10.21264589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background. Recent data from clinical trial suggest that antibody cocktail therapy, a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, has been shown to rapidly reduce the viral load and markedly decrease the risk of hospitalization or death among high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, it remains unclear how effective in a real-life clinical setting the therapy is. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed mild to moderate Covid-19 patients with one or more high-risk factors for severe disease who consecutively underwent the antibody cocktail therapy of the disease in our institute in June 2021 through early September 2021, compared to those with high-risk factors who were isolated in non-medical facilities consecutively during the same period, thereby being not given the antibody cocktail therapy there. The key outcome was the percentage of patients with Covid-19-related deterioration which needed additional medical interventions, such as oxygen support or other antiviral therapies. Results. Data from 55 patients with initially receiving antibody cocktail therapy and 53 patients with isolation into non-medical facilities are analyzed. 22 (41.5 %) of 53 patients with isolation facilities were finally hospitalized to receive medical interventions. On the other hand, 13 (23.6 %) of 55 patients with antibody cocktail therapy in our hospital subsequently underwent further medical interventions because of the progression. In multivariate analysis with variables of age, BMI, and high-risk factors, the antibody cocktail therapy significantly reduced 70 % in the need for further medical interventions compared to the initial isolation in the non-medical facilities (odds ratio=0.30, 95%CI [0.10-0.87], p=0.027). Furthermore, patients with 96% or above of SPO2 were significantly more favorable for the therapy than those with 95% or below of SPO2. Conclusion. The treatment of antibody cocktail was closely linked to reduction in the need for further medical interventions. The result indicates that the antibody cocktail therapy is associated with reducing the strain on hospitals, which is related to the improvement of medical management for public health care in Covid-19 pandemic era.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41781008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-471704/v1
Maria Angela Zaccarelli-Marino, T. Balderi, Felipe M Crepaldi, R. Alessi, M. Martins
Industrial installations close to residential areas could cause health risks. Our objectives are to evaluate the interaction between pre-existing conditions (i.e., rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, obstructive pulmonary diseases (OPDs), conjunctivitis, dermatitis and primary hypothyroidism (PH)) and a higher risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 in residents exposed to long-term air pollutants. With a focus on the area affected by the Capuava Petrochemical Complex (CPC) (Region 1) and combining the AERMOD dispersion model with the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) (2016), we evaluated the Greater ABC region, Brazil. The concentrations of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in 2017 and these data were correlated with data obtained in a survey of 2004 residents 8–72 years of age of both sexes; 1002 (Region 1), and 1002 of them reside within the areas surrounding various industrial areas (Region 2). SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected from the Greater ABC region. Region 1 showed higher average concentrations of all pollutants analyzed. Among the 2004 total residents, there were significant differences between Region 1 and Region 2 in the incidence of cases of rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, OPDs, conjunctivitis, dermatitis and PH demonstrating that there is a higher incidence of the evaluated diseases in residents who live closer to the CPC. Compared with residents with these diseases, the residents of Region 1 had a higher relative risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 than did the residents of Region 2.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 and Exposure to Pollution of the Population Near an Industrial Area in the Metropolitan Region in São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"Maria Angela Zaccarelli-Marino, T. Balderi, Felipe M Crepaldi, R. Alessi, M. Martins","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-471704/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-471704/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Industrial installations close to residential areas could cause health risks. Our objectives are to evaluate the interaction between pre-existing conditions (i.e., rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, obstructive pulmonary diseases (OPDs), conjunctivitis, dermatitis and primary hypothyroidism (PH)) and a higher risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 in residents exposed to long-term air pollutants. With a focus on the area affected by the Capuava Petrochemical Complex (CPC) (Region 1) and combining the AERMOD dispersion model with the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) (2016), we evaluated the Greater ABC region, Brazil. The concentrations of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in 2017 and these data were correlated with data obtained in a survey of 2004 residents 8–72 years of age of both sexes; 1002 (Region 1), and 1002 of them reside within the areas surrounding various industrial areas (Region 2). SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected from the Greater ABC region. Region 1 showed higher average concentrations of all pollutants analyzed. Among the 2004 total residents, there were significant differences between Region 1 and Region 2 in the incidence of cases of rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, OPDs, conjunctivitis, dermatitis and PH demonstrating that there is a higher incidence of the evaluated diseases in residents who live closer to the CPC. Compared with residents with these diseases, the residents of Region 1 had a higher relative risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 than did the residents of Region 2.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41858474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Water and sanitation entitles the human right to affordable access and sanitation. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice on sanitation, hygiene and water utilization and to estimate the prevalence of diarrhea in Afabet city.Methods: It was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional type of study with a multistage cluster sampling technique. First, 12 clusters were selected from the city and 30 households were nominated from each cluster. Then, a total of 360 individuals were sampled and every family head was interviewed. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire and field observation was used for data collection from December 05-20, 2020. Cross tabulation and association of variables using chi-square test was determined and results were weighted as cluster sampling was used. Results: A total of 360 respondents were enrolled in the study with females (75.3%) and Muslin (99.0%) predominance. About 66.2% and 66.9% respondents were satisfied with the amount and quality of water they received respectively. The prevalence of diarrhea in the community in the last six months of 2020 was 13.0%. The investigators practically approved that 90.7% of the communities revealed functional toilets and feces were observed in only 5.7% of the living area of the community. The community’s comprehensive good knowledge and practice was 99.4% and 93.0% respectively. Their comprehensive knowledge and practice showed significant association with age, sex, marital status, level of education, household size and distance to municipality water source (p<0.001). Furthermore, their comprehensive knowledge and practice, prevalence of diarrhea, presence of latrine, distance from their home to municipality water source and hand washing practice were significantly associated with the administrative area of the study participants (p<0.001).Conclusion: The community had good level of knowledge and practice but the prevalence of diarrhea was relatively high. Latrines were highly utilized but the usage of soap, personal and food hygiene was slightly low. The level of comprehensive practice, prevalence of diarrhea, distance to municipality water source and hand washing practice was associated to the administrative areas. Enhancing environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and provision of adequate and clean water are highly recommended.
{"title":"Community Knowledge and Practice on Sanitation, Hygiene and Household Water Utilization in Afabet City, Northern Red Sea Zone of Eritrea: Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Berhe Tesfai, Hagos Milkyas, Fitsum Kibreab, Meron Goitom, Hermon Berhe, A. Amine","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-566458/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-566458/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Water and sanitation entitles the human right to affordable access and sanitation. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice on sanitation, hygiene and water utilization and to estimate the prevalence of diarrhea in Afabet city.Methods: It was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional type of study with a multistage cluster sampling technique. First, 12 clusters were selected from the city and 30 households were nominated from each cluster. Then, a total of 360 individuals were sampled and every family head was interviewed. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire and field observation was used for data collection from December 05-20, 2020. Cross tabulation and association of variables using chi-square test was determined and results were weighted as cluster sampling was used. Results: A total of 360 respondents were enrolled in the study with females (75.3%) and Muslin (99.0%) predominance. About 66.2% and 66.9% respondents were satisfied with the amount and quality of water they received respectively. The prevalence of diarrhea in the community in the last six months of 2020 was 13.0%. The investigators practically approved that 90.7% of the communities revealed functional toilets and feces were observed in only 5.7% of the living area of the community. The community’s comprehensive good knowledge and practice was 99.4% and 93.0% respectively. Their comprehensive knowledge and practice showed significant association with age, sex, marital status, level of education, household size and distance to municipality water source (p<0.001). Furthermore, their comprehensive knowledge and practice, prevalence of diarrhea, presence of latrine, distance from their home to municipality water source and hand washing practice were significantly associated with the administrative area of the study participants (p<0.001).Conclusion: The community had good level of knowledge and practice but the prevalence of diarrhea was relatively high. Latrines were highly utilized but the usage of soap, personal and food hygiene was slightly low. The level of comprehensive practice, prevalence of diarrhea, distance to municipality water source and hand washing practice was associated to the administrative areas. Enhancing environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and provision of adequate and clean water are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45063779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.25.21254362
S. S. Zhu, E. Iboi
This study examined four countries Israel, United States, United Kingdom, and Serbia and present their possible vaccination trajectories into 2021. We found that populations in all the four countries are relaxing and taking the advantage of the benefit of an increasingly immunized community hence, experiencing a rising phase of Rc(t). The United States is of particular concern, due to its fast rising Rc(t) in comparison to other countries, potentially generating another wave of infection. Due to aggressive vaccination program, continued implementation of restrictive measures, or both, in all countries we analyzed, present a cautiously optimistic outlook at controlling the pandemic toward the latter part of 2021. We also found that despite a significant fraction of the population in selected countries being immunized, no countries other than Israel has its Rc(t) reached its intrinsic R0 value. Based on our proposed methodology for deriving R0, our prediction shows that Israel's indigenous COVID-19 daily R0 is approximately 2.2 based on its latest data.
{"title":"Estimation of the Reproduction Number for COVID-19 Based on Latest Vaccination Results and the Timing for Herd-Immunity: Prospect for 2021","authors":"S. S. Zhu, E. Iboi","doi":"10.1101/2021.03.25.21254362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254362","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined four countries Israel, United States, United Kingdom, and Serbia and present their possible vaccination trajectories into 2021. We found that populations in all the four countries are relaxing and taking the advantage of the benefit of an increasingly immunized community hence, experiencing a rising phase of Rc(t). The United States is of particular concern, due to its fast rising Rc(t) in comparison to other countries, potentially generating another wave of infection. Due to aggressive vaccination program, continued implementation of restrictive measures, or both, in all countries we analyzed, present a cautiously optimistic outlook at controlling the pandemic toward the latter part of 2021. We also found that despite a significant fraction of the population in selected countries being immunized, no countries other than Israel has its Rc(t) reached its intrinsic R0 value. Based on our proposed methodology for deriving R0, our prediction shows that Israel's indigenous COVID-19 daily R0 is approximately 2.2 based on its latest data.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43338193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-08DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.06.21249282
P. Filgueiras, C. Corsini, N. B. Almeida, J. Assis, M. Pedrosa, Alana K. de Oliveira, Raquel NH Amorim, Daniel AP de Miranda, L. Coutinho, Sarah V C Gomes, Natália G Custódio, Douglas H da Silva, Gabriela PV Santos, R. A. Silva, Maria Izabella Vieira de Assis Rocha Carvalho de Medeiros, Priscila Vcc Reis, A. Lourenço, Cecília MF Bicalho, Raquel Vr Vilela, Hércules P Neves, Gabriel R. Fernandes, Rafaella F Q Grenfell
Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to limiting the spread of the virus and managing infected patients during hospitalization. The sensitivity of RT-qPCR is contested by the fact that it is time-consuming, executed by trained technicians in proper environment for material extraction. Here, we evaluated the first SARS-CoV-2 antigen test recommended by the World Health Organization at September, 2020 as an alternative for immediate diagnosis of symptomatic and suspected patients at a hospital in Brazil during the epidemic peak. All patients were submitted to RT-qPCR and rapid antigen test using nasopharyngeal swabs rigorously collected at the same time. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, symptoms and outcomes were considered. Prediction analysis revealed that previous stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, desaturation and tachypnea were the most relevant determinants of the death of COVID-19 patients. Comparison between the rapid antigen test and RT-qPCR revealed an overall PPV of 97%, extended to 100% when performed between 4 and 15 days of symptoms, with an accuracy of 90-91% from days 1 to 7 and a Substantial agreement. The rapid antigen test presented no inconclusive result. Among the discordant results and RT-qPCR inconclusives, 72% presented bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities on imaging and other exams alterations. The median time to obtain RT-qPCR results was 83.6 hours, against 15 minutes for the rapid test, precious time for deciding on patient isolation and management. Knowledge of the risk factors and a rapid diagnosis upon patient admission is critical to reduce mortality of COVID-19 patients, hospital internal costs and in-hospital transmission.
{"title":"COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test at hospital admission associated to the knowledge of individual risk factors allow overcoming the difficulty of managing suspected patients in hospitals","authors":"P. Filgueiras, C. Corsini, N. B. Almeida, J. Assis, M. Pedrosa, Alana K. de Oliveira, Raquel NH Amorim, Daniel AP de Miranda, L. Coutinho, Sarah V C Gomes, Natália G Custódio, Douglas H da Silva, Gabriela PV Santos, R. A. Silva, Maria Izabella Vieira de Assis Rocha Carvalho de Medeiros, Priscila Vcc Reis, A. Lourenço, Cecília MF Bicalho, Raquel Vr Vilela, Hércules P Neves, Gabriel R. Fernandes, Rafaella F Q Grenfell","doi":"10.1101/2021.01.06.21249282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.06.21249282","url":null,"abstract":"Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to limiting the spread of the virus and managing infected patients during hospitalization. The sensitivity of RT-qPCR is contested by the fact that it is time-consuming, executed by trained technicians in proper environment for material extraction. Here, we evaluated the first SARS-CoV-2 antigen test recommended by the World Health Organization at September, 2020 as an alternative for immediate diagnosis of symptomatic and suspected patients at a hospital in Brazil during the epidemic peak. All patients were submitted to RT-qPCR and rapid antigen test using nasopharyngeal swabs rigorously collected at the same time. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, symptoms and outcomes were considered. Prediction analysis revealed that previous stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, desaturation and tachypnea were the most relevant determinants of the death of COVID-19 patients. Comparison between the rapid antigen test and RT-qPCR revealed an overall PPV of 97%, extended to 100% when performed between 4 and 15 days of symptoms, with an accuracy of 90-91% from days 1 to 7 and a Substantial agreement. The rapid antigen test presented no inconclusive result. Among the discordant results and RT-qPCR inconclusives, 72% presented bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities on imaging and other exams alterations. The median time to obtain RT-qPCR results was 83.6 hours, against 15 minutes for the rapid test, precious time for deciding on patient isolation and management. Knowledge of the risk factors and a rapid diagnosis upon patient admission is critical to reduce mortality of COVID-19 patients, hospital internal costs and in-hospital transmission.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43487625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstarct Alcohol has been a well-known cardiotoxin for a long time now. Alcohol use (a leading cause of preventable death) causes >95,000 death/year or 261 deaths/day in the US with an average of 29 life-year lost, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Alcohol dependency is seen in at least 25% of hospitalized patients. EKG changes associated with alcoholic-dilated cardiomyopathy are many and often non-specific. It is easy not to evaluate otherwise young and asymptomatic alcoholics coming with alcohol withdrawal symptoms for cardiomyopathy. This report documents ECG findings of cerebral T waves, in a young, otherwise healthy alcoholic patient coming in for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal seizures, who later got diagnosed with alcoholic-dilated cardiomyopathy. It is of paramount importance to pay close attention to EKG changes in young alcoholic patients as delay in diagnosis of alcoholic-dilated cardiomyopathy is lethal and can often cause irreversible myocyte damage.
{"title":"Cerebral T Waves, an Indicator for Non-Ischaemic Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy","authors":"Kunal M. Ajmera","doi":"10.26502/fjhs.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstarct Alcohol has been a well-known cardiotoxin for a long time now. Alcohol use (a leading cause of preventable death) causes >95,000 death/year or 261 deaths/day in the US with an average of 29 life-year lost, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Alcohol dependency is seen in at least 25% of hospitalized patients. EKG changes associated with alcoholic-dilated cardiomyopathy are many and often non-specific. It is easy not to evaluate otherwise young and asymptomatic alcoholics coming with alcohol withdrawal symptoms for cardiomyopathy. This report documents ECG findings of cerebral T waves, in a young, otherwise healthy alcoholic patient coming in for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal seizures, who later got diagnosed with alcoholic-dilated cardiomyopathy. It is of paramount importance to pay close attention to EKG changes in young alcoholic patients as delay in diagnosis of alcoholic-dilated cardiomyopathy is lethal and can often cause irreversible myocyte damage.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69346875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatima Walaa Eldin Khogali, S. Hammoudeh, Ibrahim A. Janahi
This paper aims to review and summarize the literature related to obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries, and to provide recommendations for the future. A PubMed and Google scholar search were performed using a combination of related terms. Relevant studies were summarized and tabulated. Recommendations and guidelines based on the findings were provided at the end.
{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries","authors":"Fatima Walaa Eldin Khogali, S. Hammoudeh, Ibrahim A. Janahi","doi":"10.26502/fjhs.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to review and summarize the literature related to obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries, and to provide recommendations for the future. A PubMed and Google scholar search were performed using a combination of related terms. Relevant studies were summarized and tabulated. Recommendations and guidelines based on the findings were provided at the end.","PeriodicalId":73052,"journal":{"name":"Fortune journal of health sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69347310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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