Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2024.1321368
Olivia S. K. Chan, W. Lam, Tint Naing, Dorothy Yuen Ting Cheong, Elaine Lee, Ben Cowling, Matthew Low
Clinicians need to prescribe antibiotics in a way that adequately treats infections, while simultaneously limiting the development of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Although there are abundant guidelines on how to best treat infections, there is less understanding of how treatment durations and antibiotic types influence the development of ABR. This study adopts a self-controlled case study (SCCS) method to relate antibiotic exposure time to subsequent changes in resistance patterns. This SCCS approach uses antibiotic exposure as a risk factor, and the development of ABR as an incidence rate ratio (IRR), which can be considered as the multiplicative change in risk for bacteria to become or maintain resistance.To investigate the IRR of extensive (more than 7 antibiotic classes), revert, persistent, and directed antibiotic resistance according to the duration and type of antibiotic exposures in Escherichia coli (E. coli).We use anonymized veterinary clinical data from dog and cat patients older than 6 months between 2015 and 2020. Patients were considered suitable cases if they received antibiotics and had a minimum of two urinary antibiograms within a 12-month period (the first prior to antibiotics exposure and the second from 1 week to 6 months after exposure). The first antibiogram is conducted before antibiotic exposure (case n=20).From 20 individuals and 42 paired antibiograms we found that the IRR = 2 for extensive drug resistance in patients who received short-course antibiotic treatment compared to longer treatments. In contrast, multi-drug resistance IRR = 2.6 for long-course compared to short-course antibiotic treatment. The ratio of E. coli isolates that reverted from resistant to sensitive was 5.4 times more likely in patients who received antibiotics for longer than 10 days.
{"title":"Examining pharmacoepidemiology of antibiotic use and resistance in first-line antibiotics: a self-controlled case series study of Escherichia coli in small companion animals","authors":"Olivia S. K. Chan, W. Lam, Tint Naing, Dorothy Yuen Ting Cheong, Elaine Lee, Ben Cowling, Matthew Low","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2024.1321368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2024.1321368","url":null,"abstract":"Clinicians need to prescribe antibiotics in a way that adequately treats infections, while simultaneously limiting the development of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Although there are abundant guidelines on how to best treat infections, there is less understanding of how treatment durations and antibiotic types influence the development of ABR. This study adopts a self-controlled case study (SCCS) method to relate antibiotic exposure time to subsequent changes in resistance patterns. This SCCS approach uses antibiotic exposure as a risk factor, and the development of ABR as an incidence rate ratio (IRR), which can be considered as the multiplicative change in risk for bacteria to become or maintain resistance.To investigate the IRR of extensive (more than 7 antibiotic classes), revert, persistent, and directed antibiotic resistance according to the duration and type of antibiotic exposures in Escherichia coli (E. coli).We use anonymized veterinary clinical data from dog and cat patients older than 6 months between 2015 and 2020. Patients were considered suitable cases if they received antibiotics and had a minimum of two urinary antibiograms within a 12-month period (the first prior to antibiotics exposure and the second from 1 week to 6 months after exposure). The first antibiogram is conducted before antibiotic exposure (case n=20).From 20 individuals and 42 paired antibiograms we found that the IRR = 2 for extensive drug resistance in patients who received short-course antibiotic treatment compared to longer treatments. In contrast, multi-drug resistance IRR = 2.6 for long-course compared to short-course antibiotic treatment. The ratio of E. coli isolates that reverted from resistant to sensitive was 5.4 times more likely in patients who received antibiotics for longer than 10 days.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2024.1374463
Márió Gajdács, Shazia Jamshed
{"title":"Editorial: Knowledge, attitude and practices of the public and healthcare-professionals towards sustainable use of antimicrobials: the intersection of pharmacology and social medicine","authors":"Márió Gajdács, Shazia Jamshed","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2024.1374463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2024.1374463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2024.1337261
Sasikaladevi Rathinavelu, Cansu Uluseker, V. Sonkar, Shashidhar Thatikonda, I. Nambi, Jan-Ulrich Kreft
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern, increasingly recognized as a silent pandemic across the globe. Therefore, it is important to monitor all factors that could contribute to the emergence, maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental antibiotic pollution is thought to be one of the contributing factors. India is one of the world’s largest consumers and producers of antibiotics. Hence, antibiotics have been detected in different environments across India, sometimes at very high concentrations due to their extensive use in humans and agriculture or due to manufacturing. We summarize the current state of knowledge on the occurrence and transport pathways of antibiotics in Indian water environments, including sewage or wastewater and treatment plants, surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs as well as groundwater and drinking water. The factors influencing the distribution of antibiotics in the water environment, such as rainfall, population density and variations in sewage treatment are discussed, followed by existing regulations and policies aimed at the mitigation of environmental antimicrobial resistance in India, which will have global benefits. Then, we recommend directions for future research, development of standardized methods for monitoring antibiotics in water, ecological risk assessment, and exploration of strategies to prevent antibiotics from entering the environment. Finally, we provide an evaluation of how scarce the data is, and how a systematic understanding of the occurrence and concentrations of antibiotics in the water environment in India could be achieved. Overall, we highlight the urgent need for sustainable solutions to monitor and mitigate the impact of antibiotics on environmental, animal, and public health.
{"title":"Mapping the scarcity of data on antibiotics in natural and engineered water environments across India","authors":"Sasikaladevi Rathinavelu, Cansu Uluseker, V. Sonkar, Shashidhar Thatikonda, I. Nambi, Jan-Ulrich Kreft","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2024.1337261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2024.1337261","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern, increasingly recognized as a silent pandemic across the globe. Therefore, it is important to monitor all factors that could contribute to the emergence, maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental antibiotic pollution is thought to be one of the contributing factors. India is one of the world’s largest consumers and producers of antibiotics. Hence, antibiotics have been detected in different environments across India, sometimes at very high concentrations due to their extensive use in humans and agriculture or due to manufacturing. We summarize the current state of knowledge on the occurrence and transport pathways of antibiotics in Indian water environments, including sewage or wastewater and treatment plants, surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs as well as groundwater and drinking water. The factors influencing the distribution of antibiotics in the water environment, such as rainfall, population density and variations in sewage treatment are discussed, followed by existing regulations and policies aimed at the mitigation of environmental antimicrobial resistance in India, which will have global benefits. Then, we recommend directions for future research, development of standardized methods for monitoring antibiotics in water, ecological risk assessment, and exploration of strategies to prevent antibiotics from entering the environment. Finally, we provide an evaluation of how scarce the data is, and how a systematic understanding of the occurrence and concentrations of antibiotics in the water environment in India could be achieved. Overall, we highlight the urgent need for sustainable solutions to monitor and mitigate the impact of antibiotics on environmental, animal, and public health.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"81 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2024.1337261
Sasikaladevi Rathinavelu, Cansu Uluseker, V. Sonkar, Shashidhar Thatikonda, I. Nambi, Jan-Ulrich Kreft
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern, increasingly recognized as a silent pandemic across the globe. Therefore, it is important to monitor all factors that could contribute to the emergence, maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental antibiotic pollution is thought to be one of the contributing factors. India is one of the world’s largest consumers and producers of antibiotics. Hence, antibiotics have been detected in different environments across India, sometimes at very high concentrations due to their extensive use in humans and agriculture or due to manufacturing. We summarize the current state of knowledge on the occurrence and transport pathways of antibiotics in Indian water environments, including sewage or wastewater and treatment plants, surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs as well as groundwater and drinking water. The factors influencing the distribution of antibiotics in the water environment, such as rainfall, population density and variations in sewage treatment are discussed, followed by existing regulations and policies aimed at the mitigation of environmental antimicrobial resistance in India, which will have global benefits. Then, we recommend directions for future research, development of standardized methods for monitoring antibiotics in water, ecological risk assessment, and exploration of strategies to prevent antibiotics from entering the environment. Finally, we provide an evaluation of how scarce the data is, and how a systematic understanding of the occurrence and concentrations of antibiotics in the water environment in India could be achieved. Overall, we highlight the urgent need for sustainable solutions to monitor and mitigate the impact of antibiotics on environmental, animal, and public health.
{"title":"Mapping the scarcity of data on antibiotics in natural and engineered water environments across India","authors":"Sasikaladevi Rathinavelu, Cansu Uluseker, V. Sonkar, Shashidhar Thatikonda, I. Nambi, Jan-Ulrich Kreft","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2024.1337261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2024.1337261","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern, increasingly recognized as a silent pandemic across the globe. Therefore, it is important to monitor all factors that could contribute to the emergence, maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental antibiotic pollution is thought to be one of the contributing factors. India is one of the world’s largest consumers and producers of antibiotics. Hence, antibiotics have been detected in different environments across India, sometimes at very high concentrations due to their extensive use in humans and agriculture or due to manufacturing. We summarize the current state of knowledge on the occurrence and transport pathways of antibiotics in Indian water environments, including sewage or wastewater and treatment plants, surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs as well as groundwater and drinking water. The factors influencing the distribution of antibiotics in the water environment, such as rainfall, population density and variations in sewage treatment are discussed, followed by existing regulations and policies aimed at the mitigation of environmental antimicrobial resistance in India, which will have global benefits. Then, we recommend directions for future research, development of standardized methods for monitoring antibiotics in water, ecological risk assessment, and exploration of strategies to prevent antibiotics from entering the environment. Finally, we provide an evaluation of how scarce the data is, and how a systematic understanding of the occurrence and concentrations of antibiotics in the water environment in India could be achieved. Overall, we highlight the urgent need for sustainable solutions to monitor and mitigate the impact of antibiotics on environmental, animal, and public health.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2024.1351999
Daniel Basiry, R. Kommedal, K. Kaster
Wastewater treatment plants receive low concentrations of antibiotics. Residual concentrations of antibiotics in the effluent may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance in the receiving environments. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in countries with strict regulation of antibiotic use is important in gaining knowledge of how effective these policies are in preventing the emergence of ARGs or whether other strategies are required, for example, at-source treatment of hospital effluents. This study evaluates the presence of certain common resistance genes (blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, msrA, ermA, ermC, tetM, tetL, tetA, vanA, and vanC) in the influent, sludge, and effluent of four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the North Jæren region of Norway at two different sampling times (January and May). These WWTPs vary in drainage area and wastewater composition and were selected based on their differing wastewater characteristics. Randomly selected colonies from the activated sludge samples were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ampicillin, vancomycin, and tetracycline. In addition, variations in the bacterial composition of the wastewater were characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing and were analyzed in terms of bacterial host taxa that explain the presence of the ARGs in wastewater. The MIC tests revealed MIC90 values of >128 µg/mL for ampicillin, ≥128 µg/mL for vancomycin, and 32 µg/mL for tetracycline. In addition, the three resistance genes, ermB, tetA, and tetM, that were present in the influent and activated sludge were still present in the effluent. These results indicate that WWTPs represent a direct route into the environment for resistance genes and do not significantly reduce their abundance. Hence, the development of treatment methods for the removal of these genes from WWTPs in the future is of utmost importance.
{"title":"The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria at four Norwegian wastewater treatment plants: seasonal and wastewater-source effects","authors":"Daniel Basiry, R. Kommedal, K. Kaster","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2024.1351999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2024.1351999","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment plants receive low concentrations of antibiotics. Residual concentrations of antibiotics in the effluent may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance in the receiving environments. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in countries with strict regulation of antibiotic use is important in gaining knowledge of how effective these policies are in preventing the emergence of ARGs or whether other strategies are required, for example, at-source treatment of hospital effluents. This study evaluates the presence of certain common resistance genes (blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, msrA, ermA, ermC, tetM, tetL, tetA, vanA, and vanC) in the influent, sludge, and effluent of four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the North Jæren region of Norway at two different sampling times (January and May). These WWTPs vary in drainage area and wastewater composition and were selected based on their differing wastewater characteristics. Randomly selected colonies from the activated sludge samples were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ampicillin, vancomycin, and tetracycline. In addition, variations in the bacterial composition of the wastewater were characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing and were analyzed in terms of bacterial host taxa that explain the presence of the ARGs in wastewater. The MIC tests revealed MIC90 values of >128 µg/mL for ampicillin, ≥128 µg/mL for vancomycin, and 32 µg/mL for tetracycline. In addition, the three resistance genes, ermB, tetA, and tetM, that were present in the influent and activated sludge were still present in the effluent. These results indicate that WWTPs represent a direct route into the environment for resistance genes and do not significantly reduce their abundance. Hence, the development of treatment methods for the removal of these genes from WWTPs in the future is of utmost importance.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"28 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2024.1351999
Daniel Basiry, R. Kommedal, K. Kaster
Wastewater treatment plants receive low concentrations of antibiotics. Residual concentrations of antibiotics in the effluent may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance in the receiving environments. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in countries with strict regulation of antibiotic use is important in gaining knowledge of how effective these policies are in preventing the emergence of ARGs or whether other strategies are required, for example, at-source treatment of hospital effluents. This study evaluates the presence of certain common resistance genes (blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, msrA, ermA, ermC, tetM, tetL, tetA, vanA, and vanC) in the influent, sludge, and effluent of four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the North Jæren region of Norway at two different sampling times (January and May). These WWTPs vary in drainage area and wastewater composition and were selected based on their differing wastewater characteristics. Randomly selected colonies from the activated sludge samples were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ampicillin, vancomycin, and tetracycline. In addition, variations in the bacterial composition of the wastewater were characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing and were analyzed in terms of bacterial host taxa that explain the presence of the ARGs in wastewater. The MIC tests revealed MIC90 values of >128 µg/mL for ampicillin, ≥128 µg/mL for vancomycin, and 32 µg/mL for tetracycline. In addition, the three resistance genes, ermB, tetA, and tetM, that were present in the influent and activated sludge were still present in the effluent. These results indicate that WWTPs represent a direct route into the environment for resistance genes and do not significantly reduce their abundance. Hence, the development of treatment methods for the removal of these genes from WWTPs in the future is of utmost importance.
{"title":"The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria at four Norwegian wastewater treatment plants: seasonal and wastewater-source effects","authors":"Daniel Basiry, R. Kommedal, K. Kaster","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2024.1351999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2024.1351999","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment plants receive low concentrations of antibiotics. Residual concentrations of antibiotics in the effluent may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance in the receiving environments. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in countries with strict regulation of antibiotic use is important in gaining knowledge of how effective these policies are in preventing the emergence of ARGs or whether other strategies are required, for example, at-source treatment of hospital effluents. This study evaluates the presence of certain common resistance genes (blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, msrA, ermA, ermC, tetM, tetL, tetA, vanA, and vanC) in the influent, sludge, and effluent of four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the North Jæren region of Norway at two different sampling times (January and May). These WWTPs vary in drainage area and wastewater composition and were selected based on their differing wastewater characteristics. Randomly selected colonies from the activated sludge samples were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ampicillin, vancomycin, and tetracycline. In addition, variations in the bacterial composition of the wastewater were characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing and were analyzed in terms of bacterial host taxa that explain the presence of the ARGs in wastewater. The MIC tests revealed MIC90 values of >128 µg/mL for ampicillin, ≥128 µg/mL for vancomycin, and 32 µg/mL for tetracycline. In addition, the three resistance genes, ermB, tetA, and tetM, that were present in the influent and activated sludge were still present in the effluent. These results indicate that WWTPs represent a direct route into the environment for resistance genes and do not significantly reduce their abundance. Hence, the development of treatment methods for the removal of these genes from WWTPs in the future is of utmost importance.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"7 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1309107
M. Naveed, Muhammad Waseem, Izma Mahkdoom, Nouman Ali, Farrukh Asif, J. Hassan, Hamza Jamil
Multidrug-resistant organisms are bacteria that are no longer controlled or killed by specific drugs. One of two methods causes bacteria multidrug resistance (MDR); first, these bacteria may disguise multiple cell genes coding for drug resistance to a single treatment on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, increased expression of genes coding for multidrug efflux pumps, which extrude many drugs, can cause MDR. Antibiotic resistance is a big issue since some bacteria may withstand almost all antibiotics. These bacteria can cause serious sickness, making them a public health threat. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), and CRE are gut bacteria that resist antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance is rising worldwide, increasing clinical and community morbidity and mortality. Superbugs have made antibiotic resistance in some environmental niches even harder to control. This study introduces new medicinal plants, gene-editing methods, nanomaterials, and bacterial vaccines that will fight MDR bacteria in the future.
{"title":"Transient comparison of techniques to counter multi-drug resistant bacteria: prime modules in curation of bacterial infections","authors":"M. Naveed, Muhammad Waseem, Izma Mahkdoom, Nouman Ali, Farrukh Asif, J. Hassan, Hamza Jamil","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2023.1309107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2023.1309107","url":null,"abstract":"Multidrug-resistant organisms are bacteria that are no longer controlled or killed by specific drugs. One of two methods causes bacteria multidrug resistance (MDR); first, these bacteria may disguise multiple cell genes coding for drug resistance to a single treatment on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, increased expression of genes coding for multidrug efflux pumps, which extrude many drugs, can cause MDR. Antibiotic resistance is a big issue since some bacteria may withstand almost all antibiotics. These bacteria can cause serious sickness, making them a public health threat. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), and CRE are gut bacteria that resist antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance is rising worldwide, increasing clinical and community morbidity and mortality. Superbugs have made antibiotic resistance in some environmental niches even harder to control. This study introduces new medicinal plants, gene-editing methods, nanomaterials, and bacterial vaccines that will fight MDR bacteria in the future.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"57 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139593968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1329081
Alexander Lawandi, S. Kadri, John H. Powers
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a challenge because it is associated with worse patient outcomes. To solve the problem will take development of interventions and policies which improve patient outcomes by prolonging survival, improving patient symptoms, function and quality of life. Logically, we should look to focusing resources in areas that would have the greatest impact on public health. AMR takes the approach of focusing on individual pathogens and “pathogen-focused” development. However, evaluating overall infections and their impact on patient outcomes reveals that 17 of 18 infection deaths are associated with susceptible pathogens. Here we discuss recentering on patients and patient outcomes instead of pathogens, and propose six suggestions on how a patient focus impacts areas and incentives for clinical research.
{"title":"Focusing on antimicrobial resistant infections –are we missing the forest for the trees and the patients for pathogens?","authors":"Alexander Lawandi, S. Kadri, John H. Powers","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2023.1329081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2023.1329081","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a challenge because it is associated with worse patient outcomes. To solve the problem will take development of interventions and policies which improve patient outcomes by prolonging survival, improving patient symptoms, function and quality of life. Logically, we should look to focusing resources in areas that would have the greatest impact on public health. AMR takes the approach of focusing on individual pathogens and “pathogen-focused” development. However, evaluating overall infections and their impact on patient outcomes reveals that 17 of 18 infection deaths are associated with susceptible pathogens. Here we discuss recentering on patients and patient outcomes instead of pathogens, and propose six suggestions on how a patient focus impacts areas and incentives for clinical research.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1291046
Williams Walana, E. K. Vicar, E. Kuugbee, Francis Sakida, I. Yabasin, Eric Faakuu, Solomon Amfoabegyi, J. Ziem
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a significant health challenge globally and nations have the responsibility to maintain a constant surveillance of AMR, particularly for the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates to existing antibiotics. Against this backdrop, we applied the WHO’s AWaRe (ACCESS, WATCH, and RESERVE) antibiotics classification and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)’s multidrug resistance definition for AMR isolates from clinical specimens.This study reviewed bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test outcomes. These results were then grouped according to the AWaRe and ECDC-MDR classifications.In all, the culture and sensitivity results of the 3,178 clinical specimens were investigated, of which 59.5% were from female patients. The pathogens were isolated from 1,187 specimens (37.4%). The WHO’s ACCESS antibiotics, tetracycline, showed a relatively high level of insusceptibility, particularly among Gram-positive (GP) isolates (ranging from 66.7% to 76.7%), along with augmentin (ranging from 44.7% to 81.3%) and cloxacillin (ranging from 50.0% to 78.1%). However, the Gram-negative (GN) isolates showed a relatively high level of susceptibility to amikacin, augmentin, and nitrofurantoin. The WHO’s WATCH antibiotics, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin showed a relatively high level of non-responsiveness among the GN isolates, particularly Proteus (ranging from 31.4% to 78.4%), Pseudomonas (ranging from 21.4% to 96.4%), and Enterobacter (ranging from 62.5% to 100%) spp. Among the WHO’s RESERVE antibiotics, resistance to ceftazidime was commonly associated with the GN coliform isolates: Eschericha coli, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter spp. Insusceptibility to meropenem was frequently observed in Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, coliforms, and Proteus spp. Out of the 1,187 isolates, 15.5% (184) were GAT (gentamycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline) MDR, of which 61% (112/184) were from specimens of female patients. The most predominant GAT-MDR isolates were Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, coliforms, and Klebsiella spp.In conclusion, the study revealed a relatively high level and diverse range of AMR. However, MDR in accordance with the ECDC definition was relatively low. There is, therefore, a need to have further research on AMR to inform national criteria for MDR in Ghana.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacterial isolates according to the WHO’s AWaRe and the ECDC-MDR classifications: the pattern in Ghana’s Bono East Region","authors":"Williams Walana, E. K. Vicar, E. Kuugbee, Francis Sakida, I. Yabasin, Eric Faakuu, Solomon Amfoabegyi, J. Ziem","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2023.1291046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2023.1291046","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a significant health challenge globally and nations have the responsibility to maintain a constant surveillance of AMR, particularly for the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates to existing antibiotics. Against this backdrop, we applied the WHO’s AWaRe (ACCESS, WATCH, and RESERVE) antibiotics classification and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)’s multidrug resistance definition for AMR isolates from clinical specimens.This study reviewed bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test outcomes. These results were then grouped according to the AWaRe and ECDC-MDR classifications.In all, the culture and sensitivity results of the 3,178 clinical specimens were investigated, of which 59.5% were from female patients. The pathogens were isolated from 1,187 specimens (37.4%). The WHO’s ACCESS antibiotics, tetracycline, showed a relatively high level of insusceptibility, particularly among Gram-positive (GP) isolates (ranging from 66.7% to 76.7%), along with augmentin (ranging from 44.7% to 81.3%) and cloxacillin (ranging from 50.0% to 78.1%). However, the Gram-negative (GN) isolates showed a relatively high level of susceptibility to amikacin, augmentin, and nitrofurantoin. The WHO’s WATCH antibiotics, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin showed a relatively high level of non-responsiveness among the GN isolates, particularly Proteus (ranging from 31.4% to 78.4%), Pseudomonas (ranging from 21.4% to 96.4%), and Enterobacter (ranging from 62.5% to 100%) spp. Among the WHO’s RESERVE antibiotics, resistance to ceftazidime was commonly associated with the GN coliform isolates: Eschericha coli, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter spp. Insusceptibility to meropenem was frequently observed in Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, coliforms, and Proteus spp. Out of the 1,187 isolates, 15.5% (184) were GAT (gentamycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline) MDR, of which 61% (112/184) were from specimens of female patients. The most predominant GAT-MDR isolates were Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, coliforms, and Klebsiella spp.In conclusion, the study revealed a relatively high level and diverse range of AMR. However, MDR in accordance with the ECDC definition was relatively low. There is, therefore, a need to have further research on AMR to inform national criteria for MDR in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"52 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1276982
Ishrat Jabeen, Sohidul Islam, A. K. M. I. Hassan, Zerin Tasnim, Sabbir R Shuvo
Citrobacter spp. are Gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family often found in soil, sewage, sludge, water, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. Several members of Citrobacter spp. especially C. freundii, C. koseri, C. braakii are frequently detected in newborn illnesses, urinary tract infections, and patients with severe underlying conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory infections, or those who are immunocompromised. Strains of Citrobacter spp. can spread vertically or horizontally from carriers or other hospital sources and thus cause nosocomial infections in hospital settings. A total of 19 Citrobacter genomospecies have been recognized based on genomics. It has been noted that the Citrobacter genus acquired antimicrobial resistance and virulence, including invasion, colonization, biofilm formation, and toxin production. The recent emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin in Citrobacter spp. through chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance limits the empiric treatment options. Therefore, combination therapy involving costly and potentially hazardous antibiotics poses significant challenges in treating Citrobacter infections. Here we summarized the nomenclature of Citrobacter spp., clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and treatments from various clinical samples. This review will expand our knowledge of the genomics and epidemiology of Citrobacter spp., enabling improved control of infections and the spread of these organisms.
{"title":"A brief insight into Citrobacter species - a growing threat to public health","authors":"Ishrat Jabeen, Sohidul Islam, A. K. M. I. Hassan, Zerin Tasnim, Sabbir R Shuvo","doi":"10.3389/frabi.2023.1276982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frabi.2023.1276982","url":null,"abstract":"Citrobacter spp. are Gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family often found in soil, sewage, sludge, water, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. Several members of Citrobacter spp. especially C. freundii, C. koseri, C. braakii are frequently detected in newborn illnesses, urinary tract infections, and patients with severe underlying conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory infections, or those who are immunocompromised. Strains of Citrobacter spp. can spread vertically or horizontally from carriers or other hospital sources and thus cause nosocomial infections in hospital settings. A total of 19 Citrobacter genomospecies have been recognized based on genomics. It has been noted that the Citrobacter genus acquired antimicrobial resistance and virulence, including invasion, colonization, biofilm formation, and toxin production. The recent emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin in Citrobacter spp. through chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance limits the empiric treatment options. Therefore, combination therapy involving costly and potentially hazardous antibiotics poses significant challenges in treating Citrobacter infections. Here we summarized the nomenclature of Citrobacter spp., clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and treatments from various clinical samples. This review will expand our knowledge of the genomics and epidemiology of Citrobacter spp., enabling improved control of infections and the spread of these organisms.","PeriodicalId":73065,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in antibiotics","volume":"130 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：