Frontiers in global women's health最新文献

Introduction: Violence during childbirth, widely conceptualized as obstetric violence, is a precarious and pressing public health concern. These include brutal acts of physical violence, humiliation, forced medical care, as well as denial of treatment. The World Health Organization recognizes it as torturous acts that put the lives of many women at risk. This paper explores the dynamics of obstetric violence through the birth narratives of women in rural and urban Ghana.

Methods: Qualitative phenomenological research was conducted in eight rural and urban public health facilities in the Western and Ashanti Regions of Ghana. A total of 35 women (20 from urban areas and 15 from rural areas) who had given birth in the last 24 months at health facilities were purposively selected and interviewed between August 2021 and February 2022 using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic data analysis was conducted using the NVivo qualitative data analysis software.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that there is a pervasive culture of violence surrounding childbirth, with women describing their childbirth memories with sadness and regret. Obstetric violence manifests in the form of physical violence, where sutures after episiotomies are performed without anesthesia, and women are beaten or slapped for their inability to push. In addition, women are grossly abandoned, usually during the second stage of labor. Sometimes, the entire care is halted when healthcare workers are provoked or feel that the women do not make enough efforts. In some cases, women are even left to deliver unassisted. Yelling, shouting, and verbal abuse of women were very dominant, and this particularly instilled fear in women, which prevented them from seeking help in critical situations, thereby increasing the risk of birth complications. Teenage mothers and HIV-positive women are predominantly discriminated against. Psychological trauma, mistrust in health institutions, and preference for unskilled birth attendants are the major consequences of obstetric violence.

Discussion: Overall, obstetric violence is a major setback in Ghana's effort to achieve the global target of reduced maternal mortality. There is a critical need for the Ghanaian government to develop interventions to tackle this challenge.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic digestive disorder characterized by the reflux of gastroduodenal contents into the esophagus, causing uncomfortable symptoms and potential tissue damage. It affects over 1 billion people worldwide, imposing substantial economic and health burdens. Notably, women of childbearing age face unique challenges due to hormonal fluctuations, pregnancy, and gender-specific social roles, yet systematic global analyses of GERD burden in this population remain scarce.

Methods: This study evaluated the global, regional, and national burden of GERD among WCBA from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends through 2050. Data were sourced from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, including incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and their age-standardized rates. Temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression (average annual percentage change, AAPC), and future projections were generated via Bayesian age-period-cohort models. Associations with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were explored.

Results: Globally, the number of incident and prevalent GERD cases among WCBA increased by 64.09% and 66.44% from 1990 to 2021, reaching almost 99.1 million and 245.2 million in 2021, respectively. The AAPCs for age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) were 0.24, 0.23, and 0.23, respectively. Regionally, South Asia had the highest absolute burden, while Tropical Latin America had the highest ASRs. Nationally, the Republic of India reported the highest incidence, the People's Republic of China the highest prevalence, Brazil the highest ASRs, and Norway the lowest. SDI was negatively correlated with GERD burden, with the most notable upward trends in middle SDI regions. By age, burden increased with age and peaked in the 25-29 years group. Joinpoint analysis showed accelerated growth post-2011. Projections to 2,050 forecast continued rises in incidence, prevalence, and ASRs.

Conclusion: The global GERD burden among WCBA is increasing, with marked regional, national, and SDI-related disparities. Physiological characteristics, lifestyle changes, and healthcare accessibility are key drivers. Targeted interventions such as strengthening primary care, lifestyle guidance, and region-specific policies are critical to mitigate risks. This study fills a research gap, providing evidence to inform global strategies for GERD prevention and management in this population.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common during pregnancy and can lead to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite their significance, data on UTI prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women in Jordan remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTI and its associated factors among pregnant women in the northern Jordan.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using a convenience sampling method to review the records of pregnant women registered in the King Abdullah University Hospital database between January 2017 and January 2020.

Results: The study found that the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) was 8.9%. Positive predictors included an interaction between chronological age and level of education (OR = 1.139; 95% CI: 1.040-1.248; p = 0.01), being in the third trimester of pregnancy (OR = 1.856; 95% CI: 1.052-3.273; p = 0.03), prolonged hospitalization (OR = 6.784; 95% CI: 4.075-11.292; p < 0.001), and anemia (OR = 3.662; 95% CI: 2.185-6.138; p < 0.001). Negative predictors included having a university degree (OR = 0.027; 95% CI: 0.002-0.344; p = 0.01) and being at the younger or older age during pregnancy (OR = 0.904; 95% CI: 0.839-0.974; p = 0.01).

Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of UTI among singleton primigravida pregnant women was high, given the potential consequences of infection during pregnancy. Therefore, appropriate interventional measures should be implemented by the government and relevant stakeholders to reduce the prevalence of the infection and its associated complications.

Introduction: Pregnant women with neglected tropical diseases like snakebites are considered doubly neglected due to the intersection of multiple vulnerabilities, including compounded challenges stemming from socio-economic marginalization, inadequate healthcare access and most importantly, the lack of targeted public health interventions. Despite these concerns, there is a substantial gap in the literature regarding the presentation, management and outcomes of snakebites among pregnant women, especially in low-resource settings like northeastern Nigeria.

Methods: Consequently, a retrospective observational study was conducted at the Snakebite Treatment and Research Hospital (SBTRH) in Kaltungo, Northeastern Nigeria. Six years of patient folders were searched to identify patients of all ages that were pregnant at the time of presentation.

Results: Between 2019 and 2024, 77 pregnant women presented to SBTRH with snakebites. The median age among pregnant women presenting with snakebite was 26 [interquartile range (IQR) 20-30], and most had not completed any level of education (n = 70, 91%). On average, patients were not experiencing their first pregnancy (median gravidity 3, IQR 1-5), and the median gestational age at admission was 22 weeks (IQR 16-28 weeks). Most patients (n = 73, 95%) visited a traditional healer prior to arriving at SBTRH. All patients recovered from snakebite. Of the two women that gave birth prior to discharge, one underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery followed by neonatal death, and one underwent caesarean section, where both mother and child survived.

Discussion: These findings underscore the urgent need to recognize and respond to the unique vulnerabilities of pregnant women affected by snakebite in northeastern Nigeria. There is a need to integrate snakebite education during antenatal care period, engaging traditional healers in referral networks, developing pregnancy-specific clinical protocols and strengthening surveillance systems to capture maternal and foetal outcomes comprehensively.

The perceptions, beliefs, and experiences of Muslim women regarding sexual and reproductive health are influenced by numerous factors. This study explores the sexual and reproductive health needs and challenges faced by women in Saudi Arabia, drawing on insights from key professional stakeholders. It examines the challenges faced by Saudi women and the obstacles they encounter in accessing healthcare services from the perspectives of stakeholders.

Methods: The study employed a qualitative design using semi-structured one-on-one interviews with healthcare professionals, policymakers, and religious scholars in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling.

Results: The professional stakeholder sample included 16 participants: seven healthcare providers, six policymakers, and three religious scholars. The data revealed widespread gaps in women's sexual and reproductive health knowledge, including misconceptions about menstruation, reproduction, contraception, and sexual function. Participants described how cultural taboos and restrictive social norms foster negative attitudes toward sex and sexuality, which contribute to misinformation, fear, and sexual dysfunction. Women's ability to seek information or express sexual needs was often limited by expectations of modesty, with sexual awareness perceived as inappropriate or shameful. Stakeholders highlighted childhood sexual abuse as a prevalent yet silenced issue, with lasting effects on sexual health and well-being. Stakeholders emphasised the importance of improving sexual health education, promoting public awareness, and encouraging open, culturally sensitive dialogue to support sexual and reproductive health.

Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of societal taboos and cultural beliefs on women's sexual and reproductive experiences. The study emphasises the need for improved education, greater public awareness, and open communication to address misconceptions and support women's well-being. Promoting women's sexual well-being includes creating a more informed, inclusive, and supportive environment for women's sexual and reproductive health and advocating for policies that protect and promote their sexual and reproductive health.

Introduction: Little research has explored the constructs of grief and shame-proneness for pregnant and early parenting women seeking recovery from substance use disorders (SUD) and the impact on parents' and children's well-being.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the contexts of reported guilt and shame and the associations with grief and loss among pregnant and early parenting women in SUD recovery.

Methods: Using a community based participatory research (CBPR) approach, we conducted in-depth interviews with 30 pregnant and early parenting women with SUD who were recruited from a residential drug recovery facility in the Southeastern United States. A qualitative descriptive six-step thematic analysis established by Braun and Clarke (2006) was used to identify core themes surrounding loss events and feelings of grief, guilt, and shame.

Results: There were 21 (70%) participants that reported at least one significant loss with a total of 56 loss events. Most participants who reported grief associated with a loss also experienced guilt and shame. Events surrounding grief and shame included: losing custody of children, adoption or child death, loss of romantic or familial relationships, guilt from using drugs while pregnant, loss of family support, and perceived loss of maternal attachment. Feelings of guilt and shame were mostly in the context of one's personal feelings of judgement or judgement from their family.

Discussion: Our findings highlight multiple challenges and stigma surrounding maternal SUD, particularly during pregnancy and postpartum. We also attend to the critical need for relevant maternal support to adequately address complicated grief and shame-proneness in SUD treatment to facilitate positive parenting, recovery outcomes, and positive child health.

Introduction: Climate change significantly impacts sexual and reproductive health (SRH) attitudes and practices, yet large-scale quantitative analyses exploring these effects are limited. This study investigates the historical associations between climate change, specifically temperature and precipitation anomalies, and key SRH attitudes and practices including contraception use, fertility preferences, and contraceptive autonomy.

Methods: Using data from 74 IMPUMS-harmonized Demographic and Health Surveys merged with high-resolution climate data, we analyzed a sample of 820,746 non-pregnant, reproductive-aged women across 33 low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2016. Fixed-effect logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between climate anomalies and SRH attitudes and practices.

Results: Pooled sample results indicate modest but significant associations globally: higher exposure to extreme heat in the year prior to survey administration was associated with lower odds of modern contraception use, lower odds of desire for children, and higher odds of contraceptive autonomy, while higher exposure to extreme precipitation was associated with lower odds of desire for children and higher odds of contraceptive autonomy. These associations were more pronounced when both temperature and precipitation anomalies occurred concurrently. Substantial demographic and geographic variability were observed, with mixed directionality and strength of association observed across countries and stronger associations observed among nulliparous women and younger respondents.

Discussion: Our findings underscore the potential impact of climate change on SRH attitudes and practices, as well as SRH service delivery needs in the context of extreme heat and extreme precipitation, highlighting the importance of targeted, gender-responsive health interventions tailored to climate change-affected populations.

Background: Educational level is an important aspect of one's life and is associated with biopsychosocial and economic factors. The present study aimed to investigate the association of educational level with intelligence, affective temperament, and parental bonding.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The dataset included 130 individuals consisting of 20 with high school education level, 51 with college education level, and 59 with university or higher education level. First, demographic data, including intelligence, affective temperament, and parental bonding were compared among the three groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Second, multiple regression analysis using stepwise method was performed, with educational levels as dependent variable and significant variables in the ANOVA as independent variables.

Results: Intelligence, maternal care, and male sex were significantly and positively associated with educational level, whereas age was significantly and negatively associated with educational level.

Conclusion: The present findings suggest that maternal care as well as intelligence may be associated with higher educational level. Further prospective studies are required to determine any causal relationship and investigate other factors related to educational level.

Introduction/aim: This review explores the Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) model and its impact on maternal healthcare delivery in Ghana's primary healthcare system. It highlights both the achievements and challenges of the initiative, focusing on community involvement, trained human resources, and effective referral linkages.

Aim: To critically examine how CHPS model contributes to strengthening maternal healthcare delivery in Ghana, by assessing its successes, challenges, and potential for promoting equitable and sustainable health outcome.

Methods: The study systematically reviewed literature from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR, using keywords related to CHPS, maternal and child healthcare, reproductive health, and community health initiatives. Peer-reviewed articles, reports, and grey literature published within the past 10 years were prioritized, with additional insights drawn from references in the selected studies. The thematic areas were organized into maternal and child health services, reproductive health challenges, community health programs, and CHPS's role in addressing healthcare inequalities.

Results: Findings reveal that, CHPS as a strategy has significant potential to improve maternal health outcomes, reduce mortality rates, and ensure equitable access to care for women in rural and underserved areas. Key challenges such as inadequate funding, staff shortages, political interference, and cultural barriers persist, limiting the model's overall impact.

Conclusion: The study provides policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the CHPS model and calls for a collective effort from health sector stakeholders to build a sustainable maternal healthcare system in Ghana.