Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1094177
Lijun Yu, Qing Zhang, Ye Tian, Wenjuan Sun, C. Scheer, Tingting Li, Wen Zhang
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are highly variable due to the complex interaction of climatic and ecological factors. Here, we obtained in-situ annual N2O emission flux data from almost 180 peer-papers to evaluate the dominant drivers of N2O emissions from forests and unfertilized grasslands at a global scale. The average value of N2O emission fluxes from forest (1.389 kg Nha-1yr-1) is almost twice as large as that from grassland (0.675 kg Nha-1yr-1). Soil texture and climate are the primary drivers of global forest and grassland annual N2O emissions. However, the best predictors varied according to land use and region. Soil clay content was the best predictor for N2O emissions from forest soils, especially in moist or wet regions, while soil sand content predicted N2O emissions from dry or moist grasslands in temperate and tropical regions best. Air temperature was important for N2O emission from forest, while precipitation was more efficient in grassland. This study provides an overall understanding of the relationship between natural N2O emissions and climatic and environmental variables. Moreover, the identification of principle factors for different regions will reduce the uncertainty range of N2O flux estimates, and help to identify region specific climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
由于气候和生态因素的复杂相互作用，氧化亚氮(N2O)的排放变化很大。在此，我们从近180篇同行论文中获得了N2O年排放通量的原位数据，以评估全球范围内森林和未施肥草地N2O排放的主要驱动因素。森林N2O排放通量平均值(1.389 kg nha -1 -1)几乎是草地N2O排放通量平均值(0.675 kg nha -1 -1)的2倍。土壤质地和气候是全球森林和草地年N2O排放的主要驱动因素。然而，最佳预测因子因土地利用和区域而异。土壤粘土含量对森林土壤N2O排放的预测效果最好，特别是在潮湿地区，而土壤沙粒含量对温带和热带地区干燥或潮湿草地N2O排放的预测效果最好。气温对森林N2O排放有重要影响，而降水对草地N2O排放更有效。该研究提供了对自然N2O排放与气候和环境变量之间关系的全面了解。此外，识别不同区域的主要因子将减小N2O通量估算的不确定性范围，并有助于确定特定区域的气候变化减缓和适应策略。
{"title":"Global variations and drivers of nitrous oxide emissions from forests and grasslands","authors":"Lijun Yu, Qing Zhang, Ye Tian, Wenjuan Sun, C. Scheer, Tingting Li, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1094177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1094177","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are highly variable due to the complex interaction of climatic and ecological factors. Here, we obtained in-situ annual N2O emission flux data from almost 180 peer-papers to evaluate the dominant drivers of N2O emissions from forests and unfertilized grasslands at a global scale. The average value of N2O emission fluxes from forest (1.389 kg Nha-1yr-1) is almost twice as large as that from grassland (0.675 kg Nha-1yr-1). Soil texture and climate are the primary drivers of global forest and grassland annual N2O emissions. However, the best predictors varied according to land use and region. Soil clay content was the best predictor for N2O emissions from forest soils, especially in moist or wet regions, while soil sand content predicted N2O emissions from dry or moist grasslands in temperate and tropical regions best. Air temperature was important for N2O emission from forest, while precipitation was more efficient in grassland. This study provides an overall understanding of the relationship between natural N2O emissions and climatic and environmental variables. Moreover, the identification of principle factors for different regions will reduce the uncertainty range of N2O flux estimates, and help to identify region specific climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41872711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1041377
A. Saha, B. Gupta, S. Patidar, N. Martínez-Villegas
The rapid growth of urban development, industrialization, mining, farming, and biological activities has resulted in potentially toxic metal pollution of the soil all over the world. This has caused degradation of soil quality, lower crop production, and risk to human health. For this work, two study sites were selected to evaluate metal concentrations in the agricultural as well as the recreational soil around the Cerrito Blanco in Matehuala, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The concentrations of eight metals, namely As, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Sr, Mn, and Fe were analysed in order to determine the level of contamination risk as well as their spatial distributions. However, this study is mainly focused on toxic metals, e.g. As, Sr, Mn, and Fe. The contamination indices techniques were used to evaluate the risk assessment of soil. Additionally, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model as well as the geostatistical analysis was used to identify the contamination sources based on 64 surface soil samples. After implementing PMF to analyze the soils, it was possible to differentiate the variations in factors linked to the contaminants, farming impacts, and the reference soil geochemistry. The soil in the two studied locations included high concentrations of As, Ca, Mg, K, Sr, Mn, and Fe, including variations in their spatial compositions, which were caused by direct mining activities, the movement and deposition of smelting waste, and the extensive use of irrigated contaminated groundwater for irrigation. The four possible factors were identified for soil pollution including industrial, transportation, agricultural, and naturogenic based on the PMF and geostatistical analysis. The spatial distribution of metal concentrations in the soil was also presented using a geographical information system (GIS) interpolation technique. The identification of metal sources and contamination risk mapping presents a significant role in minimizing pollution sources, and it may be performed in regions with high levels of soil contamination risk.
{"title":"Spatial distribution and source identification of metal contaminants in the surface soil of Matehuala, Mexico based on positive matrix factorization model and GIS techniques","authors":"A. Saha, B. Gupta, S. Patidar, N. Martínez-Villegas","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1041377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1041377","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of urban development, industrialization, mining, farming, and biological activities has resulted in potentially toxic metal pollution of the soil all over the world. This has caused degradation of soil quality, lower crop production, and risk to human health. For this work, two study sites were selected to evaluate metal concentrations in the agricultural as well as the recreational soil around the Cerrito Blanco in Matehuala, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The concentrations of eight metals, namely As, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Sr, Mn, and Fe were analysed in order to determine the level of contamination risk as well as their spatial distributions. However, this study is mainly focused on toxic metals, e.g. As, Sr, Mn, and Fe. The contamination indices techniques were used to evaluate the risk assessment of soil. Additionally, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model as well as the geostatistical analysis was used to identify the contamination sources based on 64 surface soil samples. After implementing PMF to analyze the soils, it was possible to differentiate the variations in factors linked to the contaminants, farming impacts, and the reference soil geochemistry. The soil in the two studied locations included high concentrations of As, Ca, Mg, K, Sr, Mn, and Fe, including variations in their spatial compositions, which were caused by direct mining activities, the movement and deposition of smelting waste, and the extensive use of irrigated contaminated groundwater for irrigation. The four possible factors were identified for soil pollution including industrial, transportation, agricultural, and naturogenic based on the PMF and geostatistical analysis. The spatial distribution of metal concentrations in the soil was also presented using a geographical information system (GIS) interpolation technique. The identification of metal sources and contamination risk mapping presents a significant role in minimizing pollution sources, and it may be performed in regions with high levels of soil contamination risk.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49199276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1101893
L. Marchand, F. Hennion, M. Tarayre, Marie-Claire Martin, Benoit R. Martins, C. Monard
{"title":"Corrigendum: Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis","authors":"L. Marchand, F. Hennion, M. Tarayre, Marie-Claire Martin, Benoit R. Martins, C. Monard","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1101893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1101893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45317962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1060937
C. Rocha, L. Y. Kochi, J. Brito, L. Maranho, D. N. M. Carneiro, Michele Valquíria dos Reis, A. Gauthier, P. Juneau, M. P. Gomes
Enrofloxacin (Enro) is often detected in soil and animal manure used for crop production and phytotoxic responses have been observed in plants grown under antimicrobial presence. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of the presence of Enro in soils (1.9 mg kg-1) and manure (50.4 mg kg-1) in growth and flower production of calla lily plants (Zantedeschia aethiopica). We also reported the accumulation and distribution of Enro between plant tissues aiming to evaluate the safety of commercializing plants produced under Enro-contaminated conditions. The presence of Enro in soils and manure did not affect plant growth and flower production and did not induce any physiological effects in plants (as evaluated by photosynthetic pigment, hydrogen peroxide concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in leaves). Plants accumulated Enro mainly in their roots, restraining its translocation to shoots, which contributes to the safety of the commercialization of their flowers. However, when commercialized as pots, the amount of Enro carried by plants is a matter of concern, and therefore, selling pot plants must be avoided. Due to their tolerance and capacity to remove Enro (up to 14.76% of Enro from contaminated soil and/or manure), plants are indicated for phytoremediation programs.
{"title":"Calla lily production in enrofloxacin-contaminated soil and manure: An attractive alternative coupling income generation with antimicrobial removal from the environment","authors":"C. Rocha, L. Y. Kochi, J. Brito, L. Maranho, D. N. M. Carneiro, Michele Valquíria dos Reis, A. Gauthier, P. Juneau, M. P. Gomes","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1060937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1060937","url":null,"abstract":"Enrofloxacin (Enro) is often detected in soil and animal manure used for crop production and phytotoxic responses have been observed in plants grown under antimicrobial presence. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of the presence of Enro in soils (1.9 mg kg-1) and manure (50.4 mg kg-1) in growth and flower production of calla lily plants (Zantedeschia aethiopica). We also reported the accumulation and distribution of Enro between plant tissues aiming to evaluate the safety of commercializing plants produced under Enro-contaminated conditions. The presence of Enro in soils and manure did not affect plant growth and flower production and did not induce any physiological effects in plants (as evaluated by photosynthetic pigment, hydrogen peroxide concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in leaves). Plants accumulated Enro mainly in their roots, restraining its translocation to shoots, which contributes to the safety of the commercialization of their flowers. However, when commercialized as pots, the amount of Enro carried by plants is a matter of concern, and therefore, selling pot plants must be avoided. Due to their tolerance and capacity to remove Enro (up to 14.76% of Enro from contaminated soil and/or manure), plants are indicated for phytoremediation programs.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44141800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1037222
Mohamed Boullouz, P. Bindraban, Isaac N. Kissiedu, Anselme K. K. Kouame, K. Devkota, W. Atakora
In Ghana, maize (Zea mays) is a crop crucial to achieving food and nutrition security. Maize consumption has increased exponentially over the past decades and contributes to 25% of the caloric consumption in the country. In order to assist in decision-making and guide investment in sustainable intensification of maize production, this study set out to identify the determinants of yield and to arrive at potential interventions for closing the maize yield gap. These were quantified using analytical approaches that combine a light use efficiency crop model (LINTUL-1) with statistical and geospatial analyses. Legacy data, auxiliary covariables, and maize fertilizer trials on eight experimental stations in Ghana were used in this study. Overall, the maize yield gap across the stations and trial treatments ranged from 17% to 98%. The variation in yield gap within a single station indicates a significant scope for closing the yield gap through site-specific nutrient management. Multiple linear regression models that explained 81% of the variability in maize yield gap identified soil organic matter, soil water-holding capacity, root zone depth, rainfall, sulfur fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer, in that order of importance, as the major determinants for closing the yield gap in the major agroecological zones of Ghana. The yield gap decreased by 1.4 t ha-1 with a 1% increase in soil organic matter. A 1 mm increase of the soil water-holding capacity reduced the yield gap by 1.06 t ha-1, while an increase in pH and in the application of potassium fertilizer widened the gap. These results suggest that both soil physical and chemical properties, together with weather data, should be taken into consideration to arrive at site-specific fertilizer recommendation and other agronomic practices.
在加纳，玉米是实现粮食和营养安全的关键作物。在过去的几十年里，玉米的消费量呈指数级增长，占该国热量消费的25%。为了协助决策和指导对玉米生产可持续集约化的投资，本研究旨在确定产量的决定因素，并得出缩小玉米产量差距的潜在干预措施。使用将光利用效率作物模型（LINTUL-1）与统计和地理空间分析相结合的分析方法对其进行量化。本研究使用了加纳八个试验站的遗留数据、辅助协变量和玉米肥料试验。总体而言，各站和试验处理的玉米产量差距在17%至98%之间。单个站点内产量差距的变化表明，通过特定地点的营养管理来缩小产量差距的空间很大。多元线性回归模型解释了玉米产量差距81%的变异性，确定土壤有机质、土壤持水能力、根区深度、降雨量、硫肥和氮肥是缩小加纳主要农业生态区产量差距的主要决定因素。土壤有机质含量增加1%时，产量差距减小了1.4t ha-1。土壤持水量增加1mm可使产量差距缩小1.06 t ha-1，而pH值的增加和钾肥的施用则扩大了产量差距。这些结果表明，应考虑土壤的物理和化学性质，以及天气数据，以得出特定地点的肥料建议和其他农艺实践。
{"title":"An integrative approach based on crop modeling and geospatial and statistical analysis to quantify and explain the maize (Zea mays) yield gap in Ghana","authors":"Mohamed Boullouz, P. Bindraban, Isaac N. Kissiedu, Anselme K. K. Kouame, K. Devkota, W. Atakora","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1037222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1037222","url":null,"abstract":"In Ghana, maize (Zea mays) is a crop crucial to achieving food and nutrition security. Maize consumption has increased exponentially over the past decades and contributes to 25% of the caloric consumption in the country. In order to assist in decision-making and guide investment in sustainable intensification of maize production, this study set out to identify the determinants of yield and to arrive at potential interventions for closing the maize yield gap. These were quantified using analytical approaches that combine a light use efficiency crop model (LINTUL-1) with statistical and geospatial analyses. Legacy data, auxiliary covariables, and maize fertilizer trials on eight experimental stations in Ghana were used in this study. Overall, the maize yield gap across the stations and trial treatments ranged from 17% to 98%. The variation in yield gap within a single station indicates a significant scope for closing the yield gap through site-specific nutrient management. Multiple linear regression models that explained 81% of the variability in maize yield gap identified soil organic matter, soil water-holding capacity, root zone depth, rainfall, sulfur fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer, in that order of importance, as the major determinants for closing the yield gap in the major agroecological zones of Ghana. The yield gap decreased by 1.4 t ha-1 with a 1% increase in soil organic matter. A 1 mm increase of the soil water-holding capacity reduced the yield gap by 1.06 t ha-1, while an increase in pH and in the application of potassium fertilizer widened the gap. These results suggest that both soil physical and chemical properties, together with weather data, should be taken into consideration to arrive at site-specific fertilizer recommendation and other agronomic practices.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.956634
Esphorn Kibet, C. Musafiri, M. Kiboi, J. Macharia, O. Ng’etich, D. Kosgei, B. Mulianga, M. Okoti, Abdi Zeila, F. Ngetich
Introduction There is a vast data gap for the national and regional greenhouse gas (GHG) budget from different smallholder land utilization types in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) at large. Quantifying soil GHG, i.e., methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from smallholder land utilization types, is essential in filling the data gap. Methods We quantified soil GHG emissions from different land utilization types in Western Kenya. We conducted a 26-soil GHG sampling campaign from the different land utilization types. The five land utilization types include 1) agroforestry M (agroforestry Markhamia lutea and sorghum), 2) sole sorghum (sorghum monocrop), 3) agroforestry L (Sorghum and Leucaena leucocephala), 4) sole maize (maize monocrop), and 5) grazing land. Results and discussion The soil GHG fluxes varied across the land utilization types for all three GHGs (p ≤ 0.0001). We observed the lowest CH4 uptake under grazing land (−0.35 kg CH4–C ha−1) and the highest under sole maize (−1.05 kg CH4–C ha−1). We recorded the lowest soil CO2 emissions under sole maize at 6,509.86 kg CO2–Cha−1 and the highest under grazing land at 14,400.75 kg CO2–Cha−1. The results showed the lowest soil N2O fluxes under grazing land at 0.69 kg N2O–N ha−1 and the highest under agroforestry L at 2.48 kg N2O–N ha−1. The main drivers of soil GHG fluxes were soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil moisture, clay content, and root production. The yield-scale N2O fluxes ranged from 0.35 g N2O–N kg−1 under sole maize to 4.90 g N2O–N kg−1 grain yields under agroforestry L. Nevertheless, our findings on the influence of land utilization types on soil GHG fluxes and yield-scaled N2O emissions are within previous studies in SSA, including Kenya, thus fundamental in filling the national and regional data of emissions budget. The findings are pivotal to policymakers in developing low-carbon development across land utilization types for smallholders farming systems.
引言肯尼亚和撒哈拉以南非洲不同小农户土地利用类型的国家和区域温室气体预算存在巨大的数据差距。量化土壤GHG，即小农户土地利用类型的甲烷（CH4）、二氧化碳（CO2）和一氧化二氮（N2O）排放量，对于填补数据空白至关重要。方法我们量化了肯尼亚西部不同土地利用类型的土壤GHG排放量。我们从不同的土地利用类型中进行了26次土壤GHG采样活动。五种土地利用类型包括：1）农林M（农林黄和高粱），2）独苗高粱（高粱单作），3）农林L（高粱和银合欢），4）独苗玉米（玉米单作）和5）牧场。结果和讨论所有三种温室气体的土壤GHG通量在不同土地利用类型之间存在差异（p≤0.0001）。我们观察到，牧场的CH4吸收量最低（−0.35 kg CH4–C ha−1），而纯玉米的CH4吸收率最高（−1.05 kg CH4–C ha−1。我们记录到，单独种植玉米的土壤CO2排放量最低，为6509.86 kg CO2–Cha−1，而放牧地的土壤二氧化碳排放量最高，为14400.75 kg CO2–Cha−1。结果表明，放牧地土壤N2O通量最低，为0.69 kg N2O–N ha−1，农林结合地土壤N20通量最高，为2.48 kg N2O-N ha−1。土壤GHG通量的主要驱动因素是土壤容重、土壤有机碳、土壤水分、粘土含量和根系产量。产量规模的N2O通量范围从单一玉米下的0.35 g N2O–N kg−1到农林业L下的4.90 g N2O-N kg−2粮食产量。然而，我们关于土地利用类型对土壤GHG通量和产量规模N2O排放的影响的研究结果在包括肯尼亚在内的SSA先前的研究中，因此对于填补国家和地区排放预算数据至关重要。这些发现对政策制定者在小农户农业系统的土地利用类型中发展低碳发展至关重要。
{"title":"Soil greenhouse gas emissions from different land utilization types in Western Kenya","authors":"Esphorn Kibet, C. Musafiri, M. Kiboi, J. Macharia, O. Ng’etich, D. Kosgei, B. Mulianga, M. Okoti, Abdi Zeila, F. Ngetich","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.956634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.956634","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction There is a vast data gap for the national and regional greenhouse gas (GHG) budget from different smallholder land utilization types in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) at large. Quantifying soil GHG, i.e., methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from smallholder land utilization types, is essential in filling the data gap. Methods We quantified soil GHG emissions from different land utilization types in Western Kenya. We conducted a 26-soil GHG sampling campaign from the different land utilization types. The five land utilization types include 1) agroforestry M (agroforestry Markhamia lutea and sorghum), 2) sole sorghum (sorghum monocrop), 3) agroforestry L (Sorghum and Leucaena leucocephala), 4) sole maize (maize monocrop), and 5) grazing land. Results and discussion The soil GHG fluxes varied across the land utilization types for all three GHGs (p ≤ 0.0001). We observed the lowest CH4 uptake under grazing land (−0.35 kg CH4–C ha−1) and the highest under sole maize (−1.05 kg CH4–C ha−1). We recorded the lowest soil CO2 emissions under sole maize at 6,509.86 kg CO2–Cha−1 and the highest under grazing land at 14,400.75 kg CO2–Cha−1. The results showed the lowest soil N2O fluxes under grazing land at 0.69 kg N2O–N ha−1 and the highest under agroforestry L at 2.48 kg N2O–N ha−1. The main drivers of soil GHG fluxes were soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil moisture, clay content, and root production. The yield-scale N2O fluxes ranged from 0.35 g N2O–N kg−1 under sole maize to 4.90 g N2O–N kg−1 grain yields under agroforestry L. Nevertheless, our findings on the influence of land utilization types on soil GHG fluxes and yield-scaled N2O emissions are within previous studies in SSA, including Kenya, thus fundamental in filling the national and regional data of emissions budget. The findings are pivotal to policymakers in developing low-carbon development across land utilization types for smallholders farming systems.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43098847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869
Expedito Olimi, Samuel Bickel, W. Wicaksono, P. Kusstatscher, Robert Matzer, T. Cernava, G. Berg
Soil microbial communities are crucial for plant growth and are already depleted by anthropogenic activities. The application of microbial transplants provides a strategy to restore beneficial soil traits, but less is known about the microbiota of traditional inoculants used in biodynamic agriculture. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to decipher microbial communities of composts, biodynamic manures, and plant preparations from Austria and France. In addition, we investigated the effect of extracts derived from biodynamic manure and compost on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple trees. Microbiota abundance, composition, and diversity of biodynamic manures, plant preparations, and composts were distinct. Microbial abundances ranged between 1010-1011 (bacterial 16S rRNA genes) and 109-1011 (fungal ITS genes). The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in biodynamic manures compared to compost without discernible differences in abundance. Fungal diversity was not significantly different while abundance was increased in biodynamic manures. The microbial communities of biodynamic manures and plant preparations were specific for each production site, but all contain potentially plant-beneficial bacterial genera. When applied in apple orchards, biodynamic preparations (extracts) had the non-significant effect of reducing bacterial and fungal abundance in apple rhizosphere (4 months post-application), while increasing fungal and lowering bacterial Shannon diversity. One to four months after inoculation, individual taxa indicated differential abundance. We observed the reduction of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, and the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas. Our study paves way for the science-based adaptation of empirically developed biodynamic formulations under different farming practices to restore the vitality of agricultural soils.
{"title":"Deciphering the microbial composition of biodynamic preparations and their effects on the apple rhizosphere microbiome","authors":"Expedito Olimi, Samuel Bickel, W. Wicaksono, P. Kusstatscher, Robert Matzer, T. Cernava, G. Berg","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microbial communities are crucial for plant growth and are already depleted by anthropogenic activities. The application of microbial transplants provides a strategy to restore beneficial soil traits, but less is known about the microbiota of traditional inoculants used in biodynamic agriculture. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to decipher microbial communities of composts, biodynamic manures, and plant preparations from Austria and France. In addition, we investigated the effect of extracts derived from biodynamic manure and compost on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple trees. Microbiota abundance, composition, and diversity of biodynamic manures, plant preparations, and composts were distinct. Microbial abundances ranged between 1010-1011 (bacterial 16S rRNA genes) and 109-1011 (fungal ITS genes). The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in biodynamic manures compared to compost without discernible differences in abundance. Fungal diversity was not significantly different while abundance was increased in biodynamic manures. The microbial communities of biodynamic manures and plant preparations were specific for each production site, but all contain potentially plant-beneficial bacterial genera. When applied in apple orchards, biodynamic preparations (extracts) had the non-significant effect of reducing bacterial and fungal abundance in apple rhizosphere (4 months post-application), while increasing fungal and lowering bacterial Shannon diversity. One to four months after inoculation, individual taxa indicated differential abundance. We observed the reduction of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, and the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas. Our study paves way for the science-based adaptation of empirically developed biodynamic formulations under different farming practices to restore the vitality of agricultural soils.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.979246
Bouchra Nasslahsen, Y. Prin, Hicham Ferhout, A. Smouni, R. Duponnois
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are major components of soil microbiota and mainly interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Mycorrhiza establishment impacts the plant physiology and some nutritional and physical properties of the rhizospheric soil. These effects alter the development of the root or mycorrhizas resulting from the activity of soil microorganisms. The rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants (mycorrhizosphere), is inhabited by large microbial activities responsible for several key ecosystem processes. This review is focused on the microbial interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and components of rhizosphere microbiota and highlight the agronomic potentialities of the Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria on mycorrhiza formation. The main conclusion is that this MHB effect in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants, enhance plant fitness and soil quality and are of great interest to ensure sustainable agricultural development and ecosystem functioning.
{"title":"Mycorrhizae helper bacteria for managing the mycorrhizal soil infectivity","authors":"Bouchra Nasslahsen, Y. Prin, Hicham Ferhout, A. Smouni, R. Duponnois","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.979246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.979246","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are major components of soil microbiota and mainly interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Mycorrhiza establishment impacts the plant physiology and some nutritional and physical properties of the rhizospheric soil. These effects alter the development of the root or mycorrhizas resulting from the activity of soil microorganisms. The rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants (mycorrhizosphere), is inhabited by large microbial activities responsible for several key ecosystem processes. This review is focused on the microbial interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and components of rhizosphere microbiota and highlight the agronomic potentialities of the Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria on mycorrhiza formation. The main conclusion is that this MHB effect in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants, enhance plant fitness and soil quality and are of great interest to ensure sustainable agricultural development and ecosystem functioning.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43264884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the excessive propagation of water hyacinth has led to serious ecological and environmental problems; thereby, its treatment and disposal are of great significance. Moreover, the remediation of heavy metals in soil is a hot topic at present. Thus, water hyacinth was adopted to prepare biochar to investigate its effect on Cd accumulation in lettuce by pot experiments in this study. The optimal application amount of water hyacinth biochar was 1% (30 t ha−1), considering the Cd absorption and yield of lettuce plants. Compared with those of control, the application of biochar prepared at 700°C for 2 h with an amount of 3% (90 t ha−1) resulted in a reduction in Cd by 73.6% and 38.1%, respectively, in the shoots and roots of lettuce. Within a certain carbonization time (0.5~2 h) and carbonization temperature (300°C~700°C), the content of available Cd in the soil decreases with the increase of the carbonization temperature and time, which might be the main reason for the lower Cd concentration in lettuce after applying the biochar. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed that Cd was fixed on the biochar in a state of passivation, leading to a sharp decrease in the available Cd in the soil. Moreover, it was concluded that the application of biochar brings with it an obvious increase in the enzyme activity increment in the soil up to 2.3 times. Lastly, 16sRNA sequencing has shown that biochar addition leads to variations in microbial structure and abundance in soil. Accordingly, biochar prepared by water hyacinth can increase lettuce yield and reduce the concentration of heavy metals in lettuce.
近年来，水葫芦的过度繁殖造成了严重的生态环境问题;因此，对其进行处理和处置具有重要意义。此外，土壤重金属的修复也是目前研究的热点。因此，本研究采用盆栽试验，以水葫芦为原料制备生物炭，研究其对生菜Cd积累的影响。考虑到莴苣植株对Cd的吸收和产量，水葫芦生物炭的最佳施用量为1% (30 t ha - 1)。与对照相比，在700°C条件下施用3% (90 t ha - 1)的生物炭2 h，生菜茎部和根部的镉含量分别降低了73.6%和38.1%。在一定的炭化时间(0.5~2 h)和炭化温度(300℃~700℃)内，土壤中有效态Cd含量随炭化温度和时间的增加而降低，这可能是施用生物炭后莴苣中Cd浓度降低的主要原因。此外，扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散x射线荧光光谱(EDS)分析表明，Cd在钝化状态下被固定在生物炭上，导致土壤中有效Cd急剧减少。结果表明，施用生物炭可显著提高土壤酶活性，提高幅度可达2.3倍。最后，16sRNA测序表明，添加生物炭会导致土壤中微生物结构和丰度的变化。因此，水葫芦制备的生物炭可以提高生菜产量，降低生菜中重金属的浓度。
{"title":"Effects of water hyacinth biochar on lettuce growth in cadmium-contaminated soil","authors":"Chun-huo Zhou, Yali Wang, Li'e Wei, Hua-jun Huang, Chenglong Yu, Xin′an Yin","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.998654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.998654","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the excessive propagation of water hyacinth has led to serious ecological and environmental problems; thereby, its treatment and disposal are of great significance. Moreover, the remediation of heavy metals in soil is a hot topic at present. Thus, water hyacinth was adopted to prepare biochar to investigate its effect on Cd accumulation in lettuce by pot experiments in this study. The optimal application amount of water hyacinth biochar was 1% (30 t ha−1), considering the Cd absorption and yield of lettuce plants. Compared with those of control, the application of biochar prepared at 700°C for 2 h with an amount of 3% (90 t ha−1) resulted in a reduction in Cd by 73.6% and 38.1%, respectively, in the shoots and roots of lettuce. Within a certain carbonization time (0.5~2 h) and carbonization temperature (300°C~700°C), the content of available Cd in the soil decreases with the increase of the carbonization temperature and time, which might be the main reason for the lower Cd concentration in lettuce after applying the biochar. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed that Cd was fixed on the biochar in a state of passivation, leading to a sharp decrease in the available Cd in the soil. Moreover, it was concluded that the application of biochar brings with it an obvious increase in the enzyme activity increment in the soil up to 2.3 times. Lastly, 16sRNA sequencing has shown that biochar addition leads to variations in microbial structure and abundance in soil. Accordingly, biochar prepared by water hyacinth can increase lettuce yield and reduce the concentration of heavy metals in lettuce.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43396095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1028328
Manfred M Mayer, Nicholas T Basta, Kirk G Scheckel
Measuring the reduction of in vitro bioaccessible (IVBA) Pb from the addition of phosphate amendments has been researched for more than 20 years. A range of effects have been observed from increases in IVBA Pb to almost 100% reduction. This study determined the mean change in IVBA Pb as a fraction of total Pb (AC) and relative to the IVBA Pb of the control soil (RC) with a random effects meta-analysis. Forty-four studies that investigated the ability of inorganic phosphate amendments to reduce IVBA Pb were identified through 5 databases. These studies were split into 3 groups: primary, secondary, and EPA Method 1340 based on selection criteria, with the primary group being utilized for subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The mean AC was approximately -12% and mean RC was approximately -25% for the primary and secondary groups. For the EPA Method 1340 group, the mean AC was -5% and mean RC was -8%. The results of subgroup analysis identified the phosphorous amendment applied and contamination source as having a significant effect on the AC and RC. Soluble amendments reduce bioaccessible Pb more than insoluble amendments and phosphoric acid is more effective than other phosphate amendments. Urban Pb contamination associated with legacy Pb-paint and tetraethyl Pb from gasoline showed lower reductions than other sources such as shooting ranges and smelting operations. Meta-regression identified high IVBA Pb in the control, low incubated soil pH, and high total Pb with the greater reductions in AC and RC. In order to facilitate comparisons across future remediation research, a set of minimum reported data should be included in published studies and researchers should use standardized in vitro bioaccessibility methods developed for P-treated soils. Additionally, a shared data repository should be created for soil remediation research to enhance available soil property information and better identify unique materials.
{"title":"Using phosphate amendments to reduce bioaccessible Pb in contaminated soils: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Manfred M Mayer, Nicholas T Basta, Kirk G Scheckel","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1028328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1028328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measuring the reduction of <i>in vitro</i> bioaccessible (IVBA) Pb from the addition of phosphate amendments has been researched for more than 20 years. A range of effects have been observed from increases in IVBA Pb to almost 100% reduction. This study determined the mean change in IVBA Pb as a fraction of total Pb (AC) and relative to the IVBA Pb of the control soil (RC) with a random effects meta-analysis. Forty-four studies that investigated the ability of inorganic phosphate amendments to reduce IVBA Pb were identified through 5 databases. These studies were split into 3 groups: primary, secondary, and EPA Method 1340 based on selection criteria, with the primary group being utilized for subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The mean AC was approximately -12% and mean RC was approximately -25% for the primary and secondary groups. For the EPA Method 1340 group, the mean AC was -5% and mean RC was -8%. The results of subgroup analysis identified the phosphorous amendment applied and contamination source as having a significant effect on the AC and RC. Soluble amendments reduce bioaccessible Pb more than insoluble amendments and phosphoric acid is more effective than other phosphate amendments. Urban Pb contamination associated with legacy Pb-paint and tetraethyl Pb from gasoline showed lower reductions than other sources such as shooting ranges and smelting operations. Meta-regression identified high IVBA Pb in the control, low incubated soil pH, and high total Pb with the greater reductions in AC and RC. In order to facilitate comparisons across future remediation research, a set of minimum reported data should be included in published studies and researchers should use standardized <i>in vitro</i> bioaccessibility methods developed for P-treated soils. Additionally, a shared data repository should be created for soil remediation research to enhance available soil property information and better identify unique materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":"2 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9890325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10660720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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