Acta Odontologica Scandinavica最新文献

Purpose/objectives: Dental anxiety is a common type of fear that can complicate dental treatment. The dental practitioner is crucial in both treating dental fear and anxiety as well as prevent it from arising. The ability to feel empathy is important in that matter. The dental practitioner's own level of dental anxiety can possibly affect his or her ability to treat patients in an empathetic manner. The aim of this study was to assess and examine the relationship between level of empathy and dental anxiety in undergraduate oral healthcare students from Namibia, South Africa and Norway.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaires were distributed, and responses were analyzed anonymously. Dental anxiety was assessed using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and empathy level was assessed using Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Data were presented as means or medians and analyzed using a linear regression model in STATA with a 5% level of significance.

Results: The response rate was 16.0%, and 298 completed questionnaires were received. MDAS was low in all groups (medians 7-10), however, significantly lower in Norway compared to Namibia and South Africa. The mean TEQ score was 46.8 in Namibia, 47.5 in South Africa and 50.4 in Norway, all above average empathy levels but significantly higher in Norway than in Namibia and South Africa.

Conclusions: Oral healthcare students in Africa and Norway showed high empathy and low dental anxiety, which is reassuring for future oral health care professionals.

Objective: To map self-reported oral health status, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and associated factors among older adults receiving home care services (HCS) in south-eastern Norway.

Material and methods: For this cross-sectional study, older adult users of HCS, aged ≥ 65 years were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information about demographics, number of medicines, and Activity of Daily Living (ADL-score) was obtained. Self-reported oral health status and subjective dry mouth (Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Duch version, SXI-D) were assessed. OHRQoL was measured using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).

Results: Of 116 participants (mean age 83 years), 52.6% were female. Half of the participants reported missing < 5 of their natural teeth and 6.9% were edentulous. Pain and discomfort were reported by 16.4%, and subjective dry mouth was common (40.7%). Poor oral health status was reported by 8.6%, and experiencing problems or discomfort fairly often or very often was reported by 20.7%. Good self-perceived oral health was reported by 61%. Younger (< 75 years) and less dependent (ADL < 2) individuals and those missing ≥ 5 natural teeth reported a negative impact on OHRQoL more often.

Conclusions: Half of older adults receiving HCS in Norway retain most of their natural teeth, few are edentulous and xerostomia is common. Younger and less dependent individuals and those missing ≥ 5 natural teeth reported a negative impact on OHRQoL more often.

Background: Bruxism, defined by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, and epilepsy, a neurological ailment marked by recurring seizures, are both common conditions that can significantly affect persons' quality of life. Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between bruxism and epilepsy, the current evidence is ambiguous. This systematic review seeks to consolidate existing information to elucidate the association between bruxism and epilepsy.

Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, a systematic search was performed across electronic databases, including PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of Science. The search encompassed all pertinent publications published until September 2021. The inclusion criteria were established to encompass observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) that investigated the relationship between bruxism and epilepsy in human populations.

Results: The preliminary search produced a total of 142 articles. After a rigorous screening process, 3 studies were declared appropriate for inclusion in the systematic review. The research varied in design, sample size, and methodology, with some studying the prevalence of bruxism in epileptic patients, while others studied the prevalence of epilepsy in individuals with bruxism. Heterogeneity among the research was handled using proper statistical analyses.

Conclusion: The findings from the included studies suggested a probable link between bruxism and epilepsy. However, the evidence was uneven and equivocal, with some research indicating a favourable correlation, while others showed no meaningful relationship. Methodological restrictions, such as changes in diagnostic criteria and data collection procedures, could contribute to the observed inconsistencies. In addition, the possible influence of confounding factors, such as medication use and comorbidities, should be addressed in interpreting the data.

Background: Machine learning (ML) is transforming dentistry by setting new standards for precision and efficiency in clinical practice, while driving improvements in care delivery and quality.

Objectives: This review: (1) states the necessity to develop ML in dentistry for the purpose of breaking the limitations of traditional dental technologies; (2) discusses the principles of ML-based models utilised in dental clinical practice and care; (3) outlines the application respects of ML in dentistry; and (4) highlights the prospects and challenges to be addressed.

Data and sources: In this narrative review, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore databases.  Conclusions: Machine Learning has demonstrated significant potential in dentistry with its intelligently assistive function, promoting diagnostic efficiency, personalised treatment plans and related streamline workflows. However, challenges related to data privacy, security, interpretability, and ethical considerations were highly urgent to be addressed in the next review, with the objective of creating a backdrop for future research in this rapidly expanding arena.  Clinical significance: Development of ML brought transformative impact in the fields of dentistry, from diagnostic, personalised treatment plan to dental care workflows. Particularly, integrating ML-based models with diagnostic tools will significantly enhance the diagnostic efficiency and precision in dental surgeries and treatments.

Objectives: Recently, the Short-Form Fonseca Anamnestic Index (SFAI) was shown to have high diagnostic accuracy when compared to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) in patient samples. This study investigated the dimensionality of the parent instrument (Fonseca Anamnestic Index [FAI]) and validated its main component using Rasch analysis in non-patient populations.

Methods: FAI data from a total of 901 participants from Singapore and Indonesia with a mean age 19.30 ± 1.48 years (65.0% women) were examined. Of these, 53.8% were FAI positive and 46.2% were FAI negative. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to extract the main component of the FAI using an eigenvalue > 1.0 and direct oblimin rotation with item loading of > 0.40. Rasch analysis was subsequently carried out on the items of the main component.

Results: The FAI was found to be multidimensional with the main component involving items F1, F2, F3, F6, and F7 which were the items of the SFAI. The SFAI had moderate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.63) and fitted the Rasch model with person and item infit/outfit mean square (MnSq) values of 0.98/0.96 and 1.00/0.96 logits respectively. The infit/outfit MnSq of the SFAI items ranged from 0.82 to 1.06 logits with Item F2 (side-movement difficulty) being the most difficult and item F3 (muscle pain) the easiest.

Conclusions: The FAI is multidimensional with the main component comprising the five items of the SFAI that fitted the Rasch model. With its good Rasch validity, separation, and reliability, the SFAI is a promising tool for TMD screening.

Objective: This register-based follow-up study investigated periodontal status after periodontal treatment (PT) based on need following oral health examination (OHE).

Materials and methods: A total of 42,533 adults aged 18-89 years receiving OHE in the public oral health clinics of the City of Helsinki in 2009 were included. Dentists recorded periodontal status by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and determined the individual recall interval (IRI). Follow-up OHE between 2010 and 2015 was performed for 16,040 adults based on IRI or later. Outcome of interest was change of CPI during follow-up and was modelled with proportional odds model for each sextant separately. Results were reported as odds ratios (ORs).

Results: Signs of periodontal disease were present in 95% of the study population. Symptoms of periodontitis (CPI score 3 or 4) were observed in 24% of patients. In models, PT indicated better outcome in all six sextants and in sextant 5 after one treatment (OR 5.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.53-5.63). A poorer outcome was observed in patients with diabetes or severe mental disorders and in men.

Conclusions: The study population had a high prevalence of periodontal diseases. Men and patients with diabetes or severe mental disorders should be specifically targeted by dentists.

Objective: The aim was to assess the correlation between periodontal status, whole salivary interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels and oral yeasts carriage (OYC) among individuals with varying ranges of body mass index (BMI).  Material and method: The weight, waist circumference (WC), and height of individuals were assessed. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group-1 - normal weight (18.5-24.9 Kg/m2); Group-2 - overweight (25-29.9 Kg/m2); and Group-3 - obese (≥ 30 Kg/m2). Plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI, respectively), probing depth (PD), clinical-attachment-loss (CAL), missing teeth (MT) and marginal-bone-loss (MBL) were assessed. Whole salivary IL-1β levels and OYC were assessed. Group-comparisons were done. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Findings: Twenty-two, 22 and 22 individuals with comparable mean ages were included in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean WC and BMI were higher in Group 3 than Groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05). The mean PI, CAL, PD, GI, MT and MBL were higher in Group-3 than groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05). There was no difference in mean PI, CAL, PD, GI, MT and MBL in groups 1 and 2. The salivary flow rate was higher in groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) than Group-3. The OYC and IL-1β were higher in Group-3 than groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between PD and OYC in Group-3 (P < 0.05).  Conclusion: Periodontal inflammation is worse, and whole salivary IL-1β levels are elevated in obese than overweight individuals and subjects with normal BMI. There seems to be no association between BMI and OYC.

Background: Skeletal Class III patients can be treated with bone anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) treatment. The placement of miniplates is an invasive operation and needs to be carried out under general anesthesia.

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the failure rate of miniplates.

Methods: All the patients who had miniplates placed for BAMP treatment between January 2010 and April 2020 in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland were included in this study. The patient records were retrospectively screened. The success rate of the placement of orthodontic miniplates was evaluated between surgical residents (Group 1) and consultant surgeons (Group 2).

Materials: The study group consisted of 164 miniplates in 42 patients. The miniplates were divided into two groups, depending on the placement operator. Group 1 consisted of 86 miniplates placed by surgical residents. Group 2 consisted of 78 miniplates placed by consultant surgeons.

Results: In Group 1 (11 females, 14 males) and Group 2 (16 females, 9 males). The overall failure rate of miniplates was 23.8% (n = 39). The failure rate for surgical residents (Group 1) was 31.4% (n = 27) and for consultant surgeons (Group 2), 15.3% (n = 12) (p < 0.05). Out of all the failed miniplates 69.2% (n = 27) were placed by residents and 30.8% (n = 12) by consultants.

Limitations: This retrospective study consisted of a limited number of patients.

Conclusion: The failure rate of miniplates placed by consultant surgeons was lower compared to surgical residents (p < 0.05).

Objective: The aim was to compare the cost-effectiveness of root canal treatment and an indirect restoration (RCT + PC) versus an implant-supported single crown (ISSC) in the case of a decayed first mandibular molar with a necrotic pulp. The study was based on Swedish population and the reference prices for dental treatments in Sweden.

Materials and methods: The cost-effectiveness for RCT + PC and ISSC were calculated with the help of two decision trees. The initial costs were from the Swedish dental reference prices in 2024, and the probability values were from published articles based on Swedish data.

Results: In Decision tree I, the expected costs for RCT + PC and for ISSC were 17,400 and 18,800 SEK, respectively. In the Decision tree II, the respected expected costs were 19,500 SEK and 18,800 SEK. The threshold probability values were 83 and 93% for RCT survival.

Conclusions: Given the assumptions and limitations of this decision analysis, the probability of survival for RCT + PC needs to be in the range of 83-93% in order for it to be more cost-effective than ISSC, when deciding about treatment on a compromised first mandibular molar.

Objective: To analyse the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of 6-18-year-old children visiting the special needs and paediatric dental clinics of the University of the West Indies (UWI).  Material and methods: Parents/caregivers of all 6-18-year-old children (n = 201) attending the Special Needs Dental Clinic (SNDC) and Child Dental Health Clinic (CDHC) were recruited. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), shortened version, was employed. Outcomes calculated were severity, prevalence, and OHIP-14 domains. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression models served for statistical analyses.

Results: Parents/caregivers of children with disabilities (n = 101) and without (n = 100) participated. The mean age of the children was 10.6 (3.4 standard deviation [SD]) from the SNDC and 11.3 (2.8 SD) from the CDHC. The OHRQoL differed slightly between mean severity scores for children with disabilities (6.41 ± 9.09) and without (7.01 ± 6.87) (p = 0.020). When adjusted for confounders, OHIP-14 impacts perceived occasionally, daily or very often, children with disabilities had poorer OHRQoL.

Conclusions: The overall OHRQoL among the children visiting the UWI dental clinics was poor. The OHRQoL was poorer in children with disabilities in terms of oral impacts perceived occasionally, daily or very often. Children attending for 'pain and filling' had higher odds of having OHIP-14 impact than others.