Acta Odontologica Scandinavica最新文献

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of periodontal basic therapy combined with various adjunctive treatments on periodontal inflammation and glycemic control in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using network meta-analysis.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with periodontitis and T2DM were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to February 29, 2024. The Cochrane quality scoring system was applied to assess study quality, and data were analyzed using R and Stata. The study was registered in PROSPERO (Registration No.: CRD42024501722).

Results: Thirty-seven RCTs involving 1,989 patients were included. Among the adjunctive therapies, scaling and root planing (SRP) with local satranidazole gel (SZ) achieved the best improvement in probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL); SRP with systemic amoxicillin (AMX) significantly improved bleeding on probing (BOP); SRP with systemic doxycycline (Doxy) or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was most effective for reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%); and SRP with diode laser (DL) improved fasting blood sugar (FBS) most effectively.

Conclusion: SRP combined with local SZ may improve PD and CAL in patients with periodontitis and T2DM. Systemic AMX may enhance BOP outcomes, while DOXY or aPDT may help reduce HbA1c. DL may contribute to better FBS improvement.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between self-perceived orthodontic treatment need, satisfaction with dental esthetics and occlusion, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), occlusal deviations, and orthodontic treatment history of 17-year-olds.

Material and methods: Clinical examination and standardized questionnaire were completed by 108 adolescents from two municipal clinics. OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and malocclusion severity using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. Associations between the variables were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation and linear regression.

Results: Of the participants, 55% had either undergone orthodontic treatment or were in treatment. The level of self-perceived treatment need was low and satisfaction with esthetics and functionality of occlusion high. Painful aching in the mouth was the most reported OHIP item, followed by self-consciousness. Subjective treatment need and PAR correlated positively (rs(95) = 0.389, p < 0.001), whereas the OHIP score and PAR score showed no association. Subjective treatment need, satisfaction, or treatment history did not predict the OHIP score.

Conclusions: Majority of the adolescents were satisfied with their dental esthetics and occlusal function irrespective of past orthodontic treatment history. OHRQoL was poorer in adolescents with subjective orthodontic treatment need. Those with the greatest subjective treatment need had the most severe malocclusion.

Aim: The aim of this study is to classify accessory mandibular canals (AMC) and investigate their association with the dimensions of the mandibular canal (MC) to enhance surgical planning and prevent complications in dental treatments.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were evaluated. AMC's frequency, length, and diameter, including dental, superior, inferior, forward-open, forward-closed, and retromolar types, were determined. Additionally, the dimensions of the MC, including its length and diameter, were measured, and the relationship between the AMC and MC was statistically analyzed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent samples t-test (for normally distributed data), Kruskal-Wallis test (for non-normally distributed data), and Tamhane post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of the data.

Results: AMC was identified in 82 of the 222 hemimandibles examined (36.9%). It was found that the length and diameter of AMCs varied significantly depending on the AMC type (p = 0.000). The diameter of the dental type AMCs (mean 0.40 ± 0.22 mm) was considerably smaller than that of other AMC types (mean 0.86 ± 0.37 mm). The length and diameter of the MC were measured as 69.20 ± 5.10 mm and 2.96 ± 0.57 mm, respectively. While MC length was not found to influence the presence of AMC (p = 0.785), MC diameter was significantly associated with the occurrence of AMC (p = 0.000).

Conclusions: AMC, which is critical for improving surgical planning and reducing the risk of complications in dental procedures, is not uncommon. Their presence should be carefully evaluated, particularly in cases where the MC has a larger diameter.

Objective: Periodontitis is a condition characterised by inflammation. Neopterin and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) are markers of immune system activation in response to inflammation whose elevated levels are linked to higher incidence and poorer prognosis of various systemic diseases. Their potential association with oral health remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the associations between these biomarkers and periodontal health status among community-dwelling adults in Hordaland County, Norway.

Materials and methods: Neopterin and KTR were measured in 1,298 participants of the Hordaland Health Study, 1997-1999. Information on oral health indicators was obtained from the 'Hordaland-Oral Health Survey', 2020-2022. Ordinal logistic regression and negative binomial regression were used to explore the association between biomarkers and periodontitis, tooth loss, and current inflammation (extend of sites with pocket depth ≥4mm and bleeding on probing) and odds ratios (OR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR), along with respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.

Results: No association was found between biomarker levels and periodontitis [neopterin: OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.69-1.33 for fourth (Q4) vs. first quartile (Q1); KTR: OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61-1.18 for Q4 vs. Q1], tooth loss [neopterin: IRR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94-1.06 for Q4 vs. Q1; KTR: IRR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91-1.03 for Q4 vs. Q1) or extend of inflammation [neopterin: OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.70-1.09 for Q4 vs. Q1; KTR: OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.78-1.23 for Q4 vs. Q1].

Conclusion: Plasma levels of neopterin and KTR were not prospectively associated with periodontal health and number of missing teeth.

Objective: To evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in SOD2 and SOD3 and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).  Material and methods: The cohort study included 109 participants, all of whom underwent root canal treatment on a single-rooted maxillary or mandibular tooth with asymptomatic periapical periodontitis. The OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 at three intervals: prior to root canal treatment (T0), 7 (T7), and 30 (T30) days post-treatment. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells for genotyping of polymorphisms in SOD2 (rs5746136, rs4880, and rs10370) and SOD3 (rs2855262 and rs13306703) using real-time PCR. Both Univariate and Multivariate Poisson Regression analyses were conducted, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.  Results: The rs2855262 polymorphism in the SOD3 gene showed a significant difference in the functional limitation domain in both codominant (p = 0.037) and recessive (p = 0.040) models. The rs13306703 polymorphism in SOD3 demonstrated a significant difference in physical pain [in codominant (p = 0.001) and recessive (p < 0.001) models], psychological discomfort [in codominant (p = 0.002) and recessive (p = 0.002) models], handicap [in codominant (p = 0.011) and dominant (p = 0.015) models], and total score [in codominant (p = 0.011) and recessive (p = 0.007) models]. In the Multivariate Poisson Regression analysis, SOD2 (rs5746136) was associated with the psychological disability domain [in codominant (p = 0.049) and recessive (p = 0.040) models] and SOD3 (rs13306703), in the handicap domain [in codominant (p = 0.028) and dominant (p = 0.037) models].  Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms in SOD2 and SOD3 genes can influence the OHRQoL response in patients with asymptomatic periapical periodontitis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate short-term changes in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of masticatory muscles in individuals with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergo double-jaw orthognathic surgery.

Material and methods: In patients with skeletal Class III anomaly, EMG activity changes in the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles were measured before T0 and at 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Recordings were obtained using the 'MP100' device and circular Ag-AgCl electrodes during closure, clenching, chewing and swallowing. Data from 26 individuals (12 males, 14 females) with a mean age of 21.7 years were analysed using the Friedman test.

Results: A significant decrease was observed in the right/left masseter muscles during clenching/chewing from T1 to T0 (right and left masseter clenching: p < 0.001, left masseter chewing: p < 0.01, right masseter chewing: p < 0.05), while a significant increase was noted in the right masseter's clenching function from T2 to T1 (p < 0.01). The EMG activity of the right anterior temporal muscle decreased during clenching at T1-T0 (p < 0.001), increased at T2-T1 (p < 0.05), and decreased during chewing/swallowing at T1-T0 (chewing: p < 0.001, swallowing: p < 0.05) and T2-T0 (p < 0.05). The left anterior temporal muscle showed decreased EMG activity during clenching at T1-T0 (p < 0.001), increased at T2-T1 (p < 0.05), and decreased during chewing at T1-T0 (p < 0.001). During swallowing, a decrease was observed at T2-T0 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Partial changes in EMG activity were observed during some functions in the 3-month period; however, no significant overall change was recorded in the 6-month period.

Purpose/objectives: Dental anxiety is a common type of fear that can complicate dental treatment. The dental practitioner is crucial in both treating dental fear and anxiety as well as prevent it from arising. The ability to feel empathy is important in that matter. The dental practitioner's own level of dental anxiety can possibly affect his or her ability to treat patients in an empathetic manner. The aim of this study was to assess and examine the relationship between level of empathy and dental anxiety in undergraduate oral healthcare students from Namibia, South Africa and Norway.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaires were distributed, and responses were analyzed anonymously. Dental anxiety was assessed using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and empathy level was assessed using Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Data were presented as means or medians and analyzed using a linear regression model in STATA with a 5% level of significance.

Results: The response rate was 16.0%, and 298 completed questionnaires were received. MDAS was low in all groups (medians 7-10), however, significantly lower in Norway compared to Namibia and South Africa. The mean TEQ score was 46.8 in Namibia, 47.5 in South Africa and 50.4 in Norway, all above average empathy levels but significantly higher in Norway than in Namibia and South Africa.

Conclusions: Oral healthcare students in Africa and Norway showed high empathy and low dental anxiety, which is reassuring for future oral health care professionals.

Objective: To map self-reported oral health status, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and associated factors among older adults receiving home care services (HCS) in south-eastern Norway.

Material and methods: For this cross-sectional study, older adult users of HCS, aged ≥ 65 years were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information about demographics, number of medicines, and Activity of Daily Living (ADL-score) was obtained. Self-reported oral health status and subjective dry mouth (Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Duch version, SXI-D) were assessed. OHRQoL was measured using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).

Results: Of 116 participants (mean age 83 years), 52.6% were female. Half of the participants reported missing < 5 of their natural teeth and 6.9% were edentulous. Pain and discomfort were reported by 16.4%, and subjective dry mouth was common (40.7%). Poor oral health status was reported by 8.6%, and experiencing problems or discomfort fairly often or very often was reported by 20.7%. Good self-perceived oral health was reported by 61%. Younger (< 75 years) and less dependent (ADL < 2) individuals and those missing ≥ 5 natural teeth reported a negative impact on OHRQoL more often.

Conclusions: Half of older adults receiving HCS in Norway retain most of their natural teeth, few are edentulous and xerostomia is common. Younger and less dependent individuals and those missing ≥ 5 natural teeth reported a negative impact on OHRQoL more often.

Background: Bruxism, defined by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, and epilepsy, a neurological ailment marked by recurring seizures, are both common conditions that can significantly affect persons' quality of life. Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between bruxism and epilepsy, the current evidence is ambiguous. This systematic review seeks to consolidate existing information to elucidate the association between bruxism and epilepsy.

Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, a systematic search was performed across electronic databases, including PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of Science. The search encompassed all pertinent publications published until September 2021. The inclusion criteria were established to encompass observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) that investigated the relationship between bruxism and epilepsy in human populations.

Results: The preliminary search produced a total of 142 articles. After a rigorous screening process, 3 studies were declared appropriate for inclusion in the systematic review. The research varied in design, sample size, and methodology, with some studying the prevalence of bruxism in epileptic patients, while others studied the prevalence of epilepsy in individuals with bruxism. Heterogeneity among the research was handled using proper statistical analyses.

Conclusion: The findings from the included studies suggested a probable link between bruxism and epilepsy. However, the evidence was uneven and equivocal, with some research indicating a favourable correlation, while others showed no meaningful relationship. Methodological restrictions, such as changes in diagnostic criteria and data collection procedures, could contribute to the observed inconsistencies. In addition, the possible influence of confounding factors, such as medication use and comorbidities, should be addressed in interpreting the data.