Acta Odontologica Scandinavica最新文献

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion using a Hyrax-type appliance (RME-Hyrax) with anterior traction on the maxillary arch during mixed dentition and its clinical significance, focusing on changes in arch dimensions, occlusal stability, and masticatory function.

Materials and methods: Forty-two patients with transverse maxillary deficiency were treated with RME-Hyrax, while an untreated control group of 40 received no treatment. Pre- and post-treatment dental casts were analyzed using a 3D scanner. Arch length, width, and occlusal stability were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and linear regression.

Results: RME significantly increased maxillary arch widths at all measured points: 3CW: +4.06 mm, 4CW: +4.88 mm, 5CW: +4.09 mm, 6MCW: +3.00 mm (all p  <  0.001). Mandibular arch widths similarly increased (3CW: +3.18 mm, 4CW: +4.00 mm, 5CW: +4.61 mm, 6MCW: +3.07 mm; all p  <  0.001). Buccal movement of first permanent molars was significant in both arches (maxillary: 1.61-1.78 mm, mandibular: 1.52-1.68 mm; all p  <  0.001). Occlusal stability improved clinically, evidenced by increased maximum bite area (+19.66 mm², exceeding the 15% threshold for functional gain; p  <  0.001) and force (+1.06 kg, surpassing the 0.5 kg minimum meaningful change; p  <  0.001), with reduced asymmetry index (-22.03%, p  <  0.001). Masticatory efficiency improved from 54.22 to 84.61% (Δ30.39%, < 25% threshold; p  <  0.001).

Conclusions: Hyrax-type RME is effective for correcting transverse maxillary deficiencies, expanding both the maxillary and mandibular arches, and improving occlusal and masticatory function. Early intervention can significantly enhance dental and functional health.

Objectives: Radiotherapy is a common treatment for head and neck malignancies; however, it frequently affects salivary glands, leading to xerostomia. This study evaluated the effects of radiotherapy on cytokeratin localization in the parotid gland, examining whether changes indicate recovery or progressive damage over a year.

Methods: The study included eight control rats and 16 irradiated rats exposed to 30 Gy of radiation over 6 days. The experiment was conducted from January 2023 to April 2024. Subgroup IIa rats were sacrificed 1 month after radiation exposure, while subgroup IIb rats were sacrificed after 1 year. The parotid gland was prepared for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of intermediate filaments.

Results: In the control parotid gland, immunohistochemical analysis revealed mild cytokeratin in ductal and serous cells. Subgroup IIa exhibited strong cytokeratin expression in the acini and duct cells, which was significantly different from the control group. One year after radiation, the cytokeratin of subgroup IIb was comparable to that of the control, with no significant difference.

Conclusion: In subgroup IIa, cytokeratin staining was notably stronger in ductal and acinar cells, leading to disrupted distribution that impaired saliva production and transport. In subgroup IIb, the redistribution of cytokeratin exhibited distinct recovery patterns in ductal and acinar cells.

Background: Inflammaging plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple age-related diseases, including periodontitis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are known to induce inflammaging and exacerbate periodontitis. However, the mechanisms by which AGEs promote inflammaging remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying AGE-induced inflammaging.

Methods and results: Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) were extracted and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with prior treatment using AGEs. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured to explore the role of AGEs in LPS-induced inflammation. Subsequently, hPDLFs were treated with AGEs and pre-incubated with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG, a glycolysis inhibitor), Ly294002 (an AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor), and FPS-ZM1 (a receptor for advanced glycation end product [RAGE] antagonist) to assess the levels of inflammaging markers, glycolysis, AKT/mTOR pathway activation, and RAGE expression, along with the potential relationships among these factors. Our findings demonstrated that AGEs significantly increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS stimulation. Additionally, AGEs alone elevated the levels of inflammaging factors, including cell senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, SA-β-Gal expression, glycolysis markers, and AKT/mTOR pathway activation. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis reduced AGE-induced inflammaging, while blocking the AKT/mTOR pathway, suppressed both AGE-induced inflammaging and glycolysis. Antagonizing RAGE effectively blocked AGE-induced inflammaging, glycolysis, and AKT/mTOR pathway activation.

Conclusions: Our study indicated that AGE-induced inflammaging through binding to RAGE to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway and eventually enhancing glycolysis level, which may contribute to the increased inflammatory response triggered by LPS. These findings suggest that inflammaging is a critical mechanism through which AGEs exacerbate periodontitis.

Objective: To investigate young individuals' esthetic perception of color on the buccal surface of maxillary anterior teeth, self-perception of own tooth color, and general dental esthetic estimates by using a web-based survey.

Methods: A digital questionnaire was advertised on social media in 2024, targeting 18-30-year-olds in Sweden. The questionnaire included attitudes toward own tooth color, cases with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), fluorosis (F), white spot lesions (WSL), and general dental esthetic estimates. Chi2 assessed differences between groups, and the independent sample T-test calculated mean differences in responses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Out of 2,082 respondents (55% women, 43% men, mean age 25.1 years), 77% rated their tooth color as acceptable, with no gender or age differences (p > 0.05). Pigmented fluorosis was rated as nonacceptable by 94% of the respondents, followed by cases with WSLs. At least 90% cited deviant color on a part of a tooth (DCP) as a reason for nonacceptance. Even tooth color (mean, standard deviation [SD]: 8.02, 2.36) was rated more important than white teeth (mean, SD: 7.25, 2.04), p < 0.001.

Conclusion: De- and hypomineralization on maxillary anterior teeth are perceived negatively by young individuals in terms of dental esthetics. An even tooth color was valued higher than white teeth.

Objective: To obtain current information of adult's dental and periodontal condition and contributing sociodemographic factors.

Material and methods: Clinical examinations were conducted in 2023 (n = 1,798). Enamel and dentine caries prevalences were recorded as the percentages of those having at least one tooth with enamel or dentine caries, and prevalence of periodontitis as those having at least two teeth with clinical attachment loss of ≥ 4 mm or with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥ 6 mm. The numbers of teeth with enamel caries, dentine caries, and PPD (≥ 4 and ≥ 6 mm) indicated the extent of dental and periodontal disease. Sociodemographic factors included age, sex, educational level, and native language.

Results: Two-thirds of the participants had nearly full dentition. Of the dentate participants, 39% had dentine caries and 92% had enamel caries. Periodontitis was detected in 27%, teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm in 74%, and bleeding on probing in 91% of the dentate participants. Male sex, older age, a lower educational level, and a native language other than Finnish or Swedish were significantly associated with indicators of poorer dental and periodontal conditions in this study - except for extent of enamel caries. The number of teeth affected by enamel caries was highest among younger age groups.

Conclusion: Dental caries and periodontal diseases remain significant health concern among Finnish adults, as do sociodemographic disparities. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted preventive interventions for the identified risk groups.

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Objective: The transition from adolescence to adulthood represents an increase in autonomy and responsibility of oral health-related behaviors, in which health literacy might play a significant role. The objective of the study was to assess health literacy in a young adult population and determine whether health literacy is associated with their oral health-related behaviors.  Materials and methods: Utilizing data from the Fit Futures longitudinal cohort study, this cross-sectional analysis was based on self-administered questionnaires from the third wave, FF3. Health literacy was assessed using a short version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-Q12), while oral health-related behaviors were assessed through toothbrushing frequency and dental service utilization. In addition, socioeconomic factors were included as control variables. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed.  Results: The findings indicated that 38% of the young adults had a score equivalent to having lower levels of health literacy. Higher health literacy scores were associated with more regular dental service use, even after adjusting for socioeconomic covariates.  Conclusion: Although most young adults had good oral health-related behaviors, it is concerning that a significant proportion still neglects regular dental visits and consistent tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need for greater emphasis on health literacy within public dental health services.

Objective ANRIL is a pleiotropic gene with a strong link to periodontitis. ANRIL gene variant rs1537373 is associated with altered CDKN2B gene expression, which is linked to obesity. In this explorative, cross-sectional population-based study, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that ANRIL (rs1537373) T>G may be associated with periodontitis through interactions, focusing on rs1537373×obesity interaction. Methods Genotyping for ANRIL (rs1537373), and clinical and periodontal examination were performed in 3554 participants (aged 40-93 years, 52% women) from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016), Norway. We defined periodontitis stage based on radiographic bone loss (2018 AAP/EFP classification). Results The individual association between rs1537373 and periodontitis, as well as multiplicative and additive interactions between rs1537373 and age, sex, smoking, and obesity on periodontitis under a recessive model were studied. We found multiplicative and additive interactions between rs1537373 and obesity. When compared with GT/TT genotype and no obesity, GG genotype and obesity was associated with higher odds for periodontitis stage III-IV (OR=2.47, 95%CI=1.48-4.12, p=0.001; relative excess risk due to interaction=1.51, 95%CI=0.26-2.77, p=0.018; attributable proportion due to interaction=0.61; 95%CI=0.35-0.87, p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that rs1537373 GG genotype and obesity were jointly associated with periodontitis stage III-IV in this Norwegian population.

Objective: The aims of this retrospective and descriptive study were to investigate oral rehabilitation with dental implants in tooth agenesis patients treated at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between 2015 and 2019, and to analyze implant survival and prosthetic complications within the first 2 years.  Material and methods: This study included 72 patients (42 oligodontia and 30 hypodontia). Data concerning general/oral health and implant treatment modalities were retrieved from hospital records.  Results: Patients were mostly systemically healthy nonsmokers with a mean age of 32.3 years at the time of implant placement. Orthodontic treatment was required for 77.7%, and 31.9% underwent also orthognathic surgery. Patients had 6.6 missing teeth on average and received 2.8 implants each, 205 in total. Tissue augmentation was needed in 64.4% of cases. Screw-retained suprastructures, mainly single crowns (76.4%), were used in 95.5% of cases, all with custom abutments. The mean follow-up time was 25.2 months, with one technical and one mechanical complication. No implants were lost.

Conclusions: With multidisciplinary planning and collaboration, replacement of all teeth in tooth agenesis may not be required. In this study, despite an average of 6.6 missing teeth per patient, only 2.8 implants were placed on average.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that there are distinct correlations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and its metabolites with the risk of developing health conditions and cancer; however, the precise nature of these associations in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is unknown. Our primary objective was to evaluate the causal impact of 25(OH)D and its metabolites, including 25(OH)D3 and its epimer C3-epi-25(OH)D3, on susceptibility to OPC through the use of Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology.

Methods: Mendelian randomization analysis was performed on data from 291 patients with OPC from Europe, North America, and South America using genetic variant strongly related to C3-epi-25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D, and 25(OH)D3 exposure. The primary analytical method for two-sample MR analysis was inverse-variance weighting (IVW); supplemental analyses (weighted median [WM], MR-Egger) were also conducted. Leave-one-out and Cochran's Q tests were concurrently used as sensitivity analyses to test and adjust for pleiotropy.

Results: Our MR analysis provided evidence suggesting that greater 25(OH)D3 levels are causally associated with a decreased risk of developing OPC within the European population (WM OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24-0.91, p = 0.03). Only one of the 21 MR analyses yielded significant results; for this MR analysis, the IVW results were significant, but subsequent leave-one-out analyses revealed instability in the causal association. However, the association was significant when rs9304669 was excluded (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28-0.91, p = 0.02), whereas the other results were not statistically significant. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were reliable, with no observed heterogeneity or pleiotropy.

Conclusions: There was no evidence that 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3 or C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels are associated with OPC risk or that 25OHD supplementation in the general population prevents OPC. The registration number is INPLASY202490081.