There have been various discussions of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) for influencing atherosclerosis. MUFA seems to have beneficial effects on the risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis [1], and the authors have reported the marine-derived long-chain MUFA decrease atherosclerosis lesion development and total cholesterol in mouse [2]. On contrast, n-3 PUFA has been studied by GISSI-P trial, which was the Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell’lnfarto Miocardio-Prevenzione (GISSI-P) Trial [3]. It included 11,324 subjects who had myocardial infarction followed up for 3.5 years. Administration of n-3 PUFA significantly lowered the risk of primary endpoint by 10%, suggesting beneficial effect statistically. Consecutive study showed the clinical effects for death, combined death, stroke and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Furthermore, it attributed the reduced risk of the events for overall by 20%, cardiovascular by 30%, and sudden death by 45% [4].
关于单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对动脉粥样硬化的影响有各种各样的讨论。MUFA似乎对冠心病和动脉粥样硬化[1]的风险有有益的影响，作者已经报道了海洋来源的长链MUFA可以降低小鼠[1]动脉粥样硬化病变的发展和总胆固醇。相比之下，n-3 PUFA已通过gisisp试验进行了研究，该试验是Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell ' infarto micardio - preventzione (gisisp) trial[3]。该研究包括11324名心肌梗死患者，随访时间为3.5年。给予n-3 PUFA可显著降低10%的主要终点风险，统计学上显示有益效果。连续研究显示了对死亡、合并死亡、中风和非致死性心肌梗死的临床效果。此外，该研究还将这些事件的总体风险降低了20%，心血管疾病风险降低了30%，猝死风险降低了45%。
{"title":"The Influence of Unsaturated Fatty Acids for Atherosclerosis in Recent Years","authors":"M. Bando, H. Bando","doi":"10.33805/2638-812X.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-812X.110","url":null,"abstract":"There have been various discussions of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) for influencing atherosclerosis. MUFA seems to have beneficial effects on the risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis [1], and the authors have reported the marine-derived long-chain MUFA decrease atherosclerosis lesion development and total cholesterol in mouse [2]. \u0000On contrast, n-3 PUFA has been studied by GISSI-P trial, which was the Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell’lnfarto Miocardio-Prevenzione (GISSI-P) Trial [3]. \u0000\u0000It included 11,324 subjects who had myocardial infarction followed up for 3.5 years. Administration of n-3 PUFA significantly lowered the risk of primary endpoint by 10%, suggesting beneficial effect statistically. Consecutive study showed the clinical effects for death, combined death, stroke and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Furthermore, it attributed the reduced risk of the events for overall by 20%, cardiovascular by 30%, and sudden death by 45% [4].","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90741147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-25DOI: 10.17352/2455-8583.000035
A. Baltasar, N. Pérez, R. Bou, M. Bengochea, C. Serra
Background: Duodenal Switch (DS) is a procedure that combines a Sleeve-Forming Gastrectomy (SFG) plus a biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) for the treatment of morbid obesity (MO) with a higher weight loss and resolution of comorbidities Objectives: Report our experience with 950 consecutive DS operations performed from 1994 to 2016. Setting: Mix of teaching and private institution in a county hospital of Spain.
{"title":"A Switch to the Duodenal Switch","authors":"A. Baltasar, N. Pérez, R. Bou, M. Bengochea, C. Serra","doi":"10.17352/2455-8583.000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8583.000035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Duodenal Switch (DS) is a procedure that combines a Sleeve-Forming Gastrectomy (SFG) plus a biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) for the treatment of morbid obesity (MO) with a higher weight loss and resolution of comorbidities \u0000Objectives: Report our experience with 950 consecutive DS operations performed from 1994 to 2016. \u0000Setting: Mix of teaching and private institution in a county hospital of Spain.","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80054451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of the NIMH RDoC initiative is to establish a biological basis for mental illness that includes linking cognition to molecular biology. A key challenge lies in how to represent such large, complex, and multi-scale knowledge in a manner that can support computational analysis, including query answering. Formal ontologies, such as the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO), offer a scaffold in which complex domain knowledge such as neurological and cognitive functions can be represented and linked to knowledge of molecular biology. In this article, we explore the use of SIO to represent concepts in molecular biology and in cognition. We extend SIO to traditional cognitive topics by illustrating axioms for both an information-processing and a neuroscience perspective on reading. We next discuss the NIMH RDoC taxonomy and include SIO axioms for the units-of-analysis and functions-of-behavior dimensions. An example demonstrates its use of deductive reasoning to establish causal relations across RDoC dimensions. From a broader perspective this article demonstrates how informatics can assist in integrating work in clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, molecular biology, and philosophy.
{"title":"Adding Cognition to the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology","authors":"Stephen K. Reed, M. Dumontier","doi":"10.33805/2638.8073.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638.8073.116","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the NIMH RDoC initiative is to establish a biological basis for mental illness that includes linking cognition to molecular biology. A key challenge lies in how to represent such large, complex, and multi-scale knowledge in a manner that can support computational analysis, including query answering. Formal ontologies, such as the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO), offer a scaffold in which complex domain knowledge such as neurological and cognitive functions can be represented and linked to knowledge of molecular biology. In this article, we explore the use of SIO to represent concepts in molecular biology and in cognition. We extend SIO to traditional cognitive topics by illustrating axioms for both an information-processing and a neuroscience perspective on reading. We next discuss the NIMH RDoC taxonomy and include SIO axioms for the units-of-analysis and functions-of-behavior dimensions. An example demonstrates its use of deductive reasoning to establish causal relations across RDoC dimensions. From a broader perspective this article demonstrates how informatics can assist in integrating work in clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, molecular biology, and philosophy.","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73135221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Redfern, Gemma Enright, K. Hyun, S. Raadsma, M. Allman-Farinelli, C. Innes-Hughes, S. Khanal, S. Lukeis, C. Rissel, Hui-Yih Chai, A. Gyani
Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is becoming an increasing concern worldwide. This study aimed to determine effectiveness of a structured goal setting incentive scheme, delivered within a community program, on health outcomes in overweight children at 6 and 18 months. Methods: Single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial with 10 weeks, 6 month and 18 month follow-up. Community weight-loss programs for children were randomized to (i) standard program plus incentive scheme (intervention) or (ii) standard program alone (control). Primary outcome was mean BMIz score at 18 months. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric and behavioural measures. Results: A total of 37 sites (33 urban and 4 regional) and 512 children were recruited. Compared to baseline, at 18 month follow-up, the total cohort achieved significant reductions in the mean BMIz score (1.7 v 1.0, p<0.001), median screen time (16.5 v 15.8 hours/week p=0.0414), median number of fast food meals per week (1.0 v 0.7, p<0.001) and significant increases in physical activity (6.0 v 10.0 hours/week, p<0.001) and self-esteem score (20.7 v 22.0, p<0.002). There were no significant differences between the control and intervention groups at any follow-up time-points. There were significantly more participants in the intervention than control group who completed 10 sessions of the weight management program (23% v 13%, p=0.015). Conclusions: The incentive scheme, delivered in addition to the standard program, did not have a significant impact on health outcomes in overweight children. However, the intervention increased program attendance and overall cohort achieved sustained improvements in clinical and lifestyle outcomes.
背景:儿童超重和肥胖的患病率在世界范围内日益受到关注。本研究旨在确定在社区项目中提供的结构化目标设定激励方案对6个月和18个月超重儿童健康结果的有效性。方法:单盲、整群随机对照试验，随访10周、6个月、18个月。社区儿童减肥计划被随机分为(1)标准计划加激励计划(干预)或(2)单独标准计划(对照)。主要终点是18个月时的平均BMIz评分。次要结果包括人体测量和行为测量。结果:共招募了37个站点(33个城市站点，4个区域站点)，512名儿童。与基线相比，在18个月的随访中，整个队列的平均bmi评分(1.7 v 1.0, p<0.001)、中位数屏幕时间(16.5 v 15.8小时/周p=0.0414)、中位数每周快餐次数(1.0 v 0.7, p<0.001)显著降低，体力活动(6.0 v 10.0小时/周，p<0.001)和自尊评分(20.7 v 22.0, p<0.002)显著增加。在任何随访时间点，对照组和干预组之间没有显著差异。干预组的参与者明显多于完成10次体重管理计划的对照组(23% vs 13%， p=0.015)。结论:在标准方案之外提供的激励方案对超重儿童的健康结果没有显著影响。然而，干预增加了项目出勤率，整个队列在临床和生活方式方面取得了持续的改善。
{"title":"Effectiveness of a behavioural incentive scheme linked to goal achievement in overweight children: a cluster randomized controlled trial","authors":"J. Redfern, Gemma Enright, K. Hyun, S. Raadsma, M. Allman-Farinelli, C. Innes-Hughes, S. Khanal, S. Lukeis, C. Rissel, Hui-Yih Chai, A. Gyani","doi":"10.33805/2638-812X.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-812X.109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is becoming an increasing concern worldwide. This study aimed to determine effectiveness of a structured goal setting incentive scheme, delivered within a community program, on health outcomes in overweight children at 6 and 18 months.\u0000Methods: Single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial with 10 weeks, 6 month and 18 month follow-up. Community weight-loss programs for children were randomized to (i) standard program plus incentive scheme (intervention) or (ii) standard program alone (control). Primary outcome was mean BMIz score at 18 months. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric and behavioural measures.\u0000Results: A total of 37 sites (33 urban and 4 regional) and 512 children were recruited. Compared to baseline, at 18 month follow-up, the total cohort achieved significant reductions in the mean BMIz score (1.7 v 1.0, p<0.001), median screen time (16.5 v 15.8 hours/week p=0.0414), median number of fast food meals per week (1.0 v 0.7, p<0.001) and significant increases in physical activity (6.0 v 10.0 hours/week, p<0.001) and self-esteem score (20.7 v 22.0, p<0.002). There were no significant differences between the control and intervention groups at any follow-up time-points. There were significantly more participants in the intervention than control group who completed 10 sessions of the weight management program (23% v 13%, p=0.015).\u0000Conclusions: The incentive scheme, delivered in addition to the standard program, did not have a significant impact on health outcomes in overweight children. However, the intervention increased program attendance and overall cohort achieved sustained improvements in clinical and lifestyle outcomes.","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76483939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-13DOI: 10.17352/2455-8583.000034
Bahathiq Adil Omar
An incidence of diabetes is right away growing everywhere in the world at the startling rate. For the past 3 decades, the prominence of diabetes has been substantially changed, previously it’s been taken into consideration as a minor illness of the aged humans. A gift, it has become the most critical cause of morbidity and mortality affecting the young and center-elderly people. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an advanced situation wherein the frame become immune to the normal outcomes of insulin and little by little loses the capacity to produce sufficient insulin in the pancreas. It is related to regulating lifestyle with strong genetic and circle of relatives associated hazard elements. This overview is primarily based on associated illnesses like Liver elements, the stiffness of intermediate-sized arteries in patients and cardiovascular disorder. Diagnosis and treatment based totally on numerous metabolic pathways and anti-diabetic retailers, control of sickness with social obligation. There are numerous anti-diabetics pills which might be administered orally or through injection, the synergistic effect of a few tablets would be extra powerful due to the complex components in it. The treatment couldn’t simply be energetic and secure, it ought to additionally enhance the satisfactory of existence.
{"title":"A Review on Associated Diseases, Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Bahathiq Adil Omar","doi":"10.17352/2455-8583.000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8583.000034","url":null,"abstract":"An incidence of diabetes is right away growing everywhere in the world at the startling rate. For the past 3 decades, the prominence of diabetes has been substantially changed, previously it’s been taken into consideration as a minor illness of the aged humans. A gift, it has become the most critical cause of morbidity and mortality affecting the young and center-elderly people. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an advanced situation wherein the frame become immune to the normal outcomes of insulin and little by little loses the capacity to produce sufficient insulin in the pancreas. It is related to regulating lifestyle with strong genetic and circle of relatives associated hazard elements. This overview is primarily based on associated illnesses like Liver elements, the stiffness of intermediate-sized arteries in patients and cardiovascular disorder. Diagnosis and treatment based totally on numerous metabolic pathways and anti-diabetic retailers, control of sickness with social obligation. There are numerous anti-diabetics pills which might be administered orally or through injection, the synergistic effect of a few tablets would be extra powerful due to the complex components in it. The treatment couldn’t simply be energetic and secure, it ought to additionally enhance the satisfactory of existence.","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77778207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article introduces the characteristics of postprandial Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants (remnant lipoproteins; RLP) in plasma which significantly increased after fat load as a major component of increased Triglycerides (TG) and involved in obesity and insulin resistance. It has been long believed that postprandial RLP, mainly Chylomicron (CM) remnants, increases as the result of disturbed lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity caused by insulin resistance, etc. However, based on this report, we recently proposed that elevated postprandial VLDL remnants produced by food intake, such as excessive fat and fructose, cause obesity and insulin resistance when exposed continuously [1]. VLDL remnants, but not CM remnants, is the key word of this article and VLDL remnants play a definitive role as a “bridge” between food intake and its metabolism. Here, we have explained the bridging role of VLDL remnants between the habit of food intake and its metabolism in body. Following 6 aspects between fat-rich meal intake and the increase of plasma postprandial TG and RLP are explained. (1) Why TG and RLP increase after food intake? (2) Which lipoproteins increase most after food intake? (3) What percentage of increased TG after food is comprised of RLP-TG? (4) How the increased TG is metabolized by LPL? (5) The increase of postprandial RLP is the result of obesity and insulin resistance or cause of obesity and insulin resistance? (6)Why postprandial TG is a risk of cardiovascular diseases?
{"title":"Triglyceride is Significantly Increased in Remnant Lipoproteins After Food Intake and its Association with Lipoprotein Lipase in the Plasma","authors":"K. Nakajima, Y. Tokita, A. Tanaka","doi":"10.33805/2638-812x.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-812x.107","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the characteristics of postprandial Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants (remnant lipoproteins; RLP) in plasma which significantly increased after fat load as a major component of increased Triglycerides (TG) and involved in obesity and insulin resistance. It has been long believed that postprandial RLP, mainly Chylomicron (CM) remnants, increases as the result of disturbed lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity caused by insulin resistance, etc. However, based on this report, we recently proposed that elevated postprandial VLDL remnants produced by food intake, such as excessive fat and fructose, cause obesity and insulin resistance when exposed continuously [1]. VLDL remnants, but not CM remnants, is the key word of this article and VLDL remnants play a definitive role as a “bridge” between food intake and its metabolism. Here, we have explained the bridging role of VLDL remnants between the habit of food intake and its metabolism in body. Following 6 aspects between fat-rich meal intake and the increase of plasma postprandial TG and RLP are explained. (1) Why TG and RLP increase after food intake? (2) Which lipoproteins increase most after food intake? (3) What percentage of increased TG after food is comprised of RLP-TG? (4) How the increased TG is metabolized by LPL? (5) The increase of postprandial RLP is the result of obesity and insulin resistance or cause of obesity and insulin resistance? (6)Why postprandial TG is a risk of cardiovascular diseases?","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80820760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Measure nutritional intake of grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school using 24 hour food recall and the Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire to identify the food that the participants are consuming and compare the food intake to the South African Food Based Dietary Guideline. Objectives: 1. Measure nutritional intake of grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school using 24-hour food recall and Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire. 2. Measure the BMI of grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school to determine overweight and obesity. 3. Analyse levels of obesity, overweight and nutritional deficiency among grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school and draw comparison with the nutrition education in the CAPS curriculum in Life Orientation and develop a possible new curriculum in Life Orientation to address the problem of obesity, overweight and nutritional deficiency. Method: This was a South African study conducted in KwaZulu–Natal that addressed the issue of obesity, overweight and nutrient deficiency amongst grade eight girls in a school in Durban Central. The learners at that school came from a diverse cultural and racial background. This was a study in an urban area. The participants that were included was a small percentage from the general population of grade 8 learners in the area. Ninety learners in Grade 8 were assessed before and after an intervention of nutrition education in terms of their body mass index (BMI) and food intake. Two of the instruments used for data collection were the 24 hour food recall questionnaire, and the Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFFQ), designed by the South African Medical Research Council and compiled by Steyn & Senekal (1991) to gain data on food intake over a period of time. Nutrient intake was determined using the South African Food Data System (SAFOODS) Food Composition Database (2016). ANOVA tests were used to determine significant differences in food intake between the first and second set of measurements. Results: The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity during session one was respectively 23.3%, 14.5% and 12.2%, with no significant change in session two. The daily kilojoule intake dropped from 17209.24 kJ in session one to 13455.39 kJ in session two for the QFFQ (p = 0.0002). The total amount of carbohydrates decreased from session one compared to session two, from 517.82 to 405.38 (p = 0.0003). Although the intervention was successful in reducing the kilojoule intake of the participants, the kilojoule intake remains higher than the recommended Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of 8665 kJ for the age group of the participants. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that the school environment is an ideal setting for trained educators to provide, unbiased, objective and appropriate information that learners can relate to and apply in daily life. The nutrition programme in this study was based on sc
{"title":"Is the CAPS School Curriculum in Life Orientation Doing Justice in Educating South African Children on Overweight, Obesity and Under Nutrition?","authors":"Naidoo T, Maharajh Lr, B. Y.","doi":"10.33805/2638-812x.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-812x.106","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Measure nutritional intake of grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school using 24 hour food recall and the Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire to identify the food that the participants are consuming and compare the food intake to the South African Food Based Dietary Guideline. Objectives: 1. Measure nutritional intake of grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school using 24-hour food recall and Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire. 2. Measure the BMI of grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school to determine overweight and obesity. 3. Analyse levels of obesity, overweight and nutritional deficiency among grade eight learners in a purposively selected public school and draw comparison with the nutrition education in the CAPS curriculum in Life Orientation and develop a possible new curriculum in Life Orientation to address the problem of obesity, overweight and nutritional deficiency. Method: This was a South African study conducted in KwaZulu–Natal that addressed the issue of obesity, overweight and nutrient deficiency amongst grade eight girls in a school in Durban Central. The learners at that school came from a diverse cultural and racial background. This was a study in an urban area. The participants that were included was a small percentage from the general population of grade 8 learners in the area. Ninety learners in Grade 8 were assessed before and after an intervention of nutrition education in terms of their body mass index (BMI) and food intake. Two of the instruments used for data collection were the 24 hour food recall questionnaire, and the Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFFQ), designed by the South African Medical Research Council and compiled by Steyn & Senekal (1991) to gain data on food intake over a period of time. Nutrient intake was determined using the South African Food Data System (SAFOODS) Food Composition Database (2016). ANOVA tests were used to determine significant differences in food intake between the first and second set of measurements. Results: The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity during session one was respectively 23.3%, 14.5% and 12.2%, with no significant change in session two. The daily kilojoule intake dropped from 17209.24 kJ in session one to 13455.39 kJ in session two for the QFFQ (p = 0.0002). The total amount of carbohydrates decreased from session one compared to session two, from 517.82 to 405.38 (p = 0.0003). Although the intervention was successful in reducing the kilojoule intake of the participants, the kilojoule intake remains higher than the recommended Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of 8665 kJ for the age group of the participants. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that the school environment is an ideal setting for trained educators to provide, unbiased, objective and appropriate information that learners can relate to and apply in daily life. The nutrition programme in this study was based on sc","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75872071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.17352/2455-8583.000033
S. István
In Weimar, on the wall of Albert Schweitzer Museum, there is a memorial tablet which says: “The purpose of our life is to serve, to show solidarity and helpfulness.” The humanist medical doctor, theologian, philosopher, organist could not have expressed more clearly our confession. Behavioral therapy integrates the cure of body and soul, which occasionally show some duality and opposition.
{"title":"Behavioral therapy in diabetes mellitus and obesity","authors":"S. István","doi":"10.17352/2455-8583.000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8583.000033","url":null,"abstract":"In Weimar, on the wall of Albert Schweitzer Museum, there is a memorial tablet which says: “The purpose of our life is to serve, to show solidarity and helpfulness.” The humanist medical doctor, theologian, philosopher, organist could not have expressed more clearly our confession. Behavioral therapy integrates the cure of body and soul, which occasionally show some duality and opposition.","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83765772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus is a leading and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. The causes of type-2 diabetes are multi-factorial, and supplements can play an important role on its’ incidence, severity and management [2]. Hence studies have frequently focused on dietary components beneficial in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated that numerous herbal and nutraceutical products have beneficial effects in patients by improving glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, disease progression and capillary function [3].
{"title":"People with Type 2 Diabetes See Considerable HbA1c Improvement in 1 Month Using Lysulin","authors":"J. Burd, Vivianne Noetzel","doi":"10.33805/2638-812x.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-812x.108","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a leading and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. The causes of type-2 diabetes are multi-factorial, and supplements can play an important role on its’ incidence, severity and management [2]. Hence studies have frequently focused on dietary components beneficial in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated that numerous herbal and nutraceutical products have beneficial effects in patients by improving glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, disease progression and capillary function [3].","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72540511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17352/2455-8583.000032
Michael Ashamalla, Irini Youssef, Mena Yacoub, Apoorva Jayarangaiah, Nikita Gupta, Justina Ray, Sadat Iqbal, Regina Miller, Joie Singh, Samy I McFarlane
The association between Diabetes and cancer has been known for decades with obesity and insulin resistance being postulated as the main underlying risk factors for both disorders. With rise of the epidemic of obesity in the USA and around the globe, there has been a rise in diabetes that is currently reaching epidemic proportions. Diabetes is known to be associated with increased risk of several types of malignancy including breast, cervical, pancreatic and colon cancer. In this review, we discuss the epidemic of obesity and its consequential epidemic of diabetes highlighting the pathophysiologic mechanisms of increased cancer in the diabetic population. We will then discuss the role of insulin therapy as well as, other antidiabetic medications, particularly metformin that has been to be associated with lower risk as well as better survival with GI malignancies based on several studies including a study that was recently published by our group.
{"title":"Obesity, Diabetes and Gastrointestinal Malignancy: The role of Metformin and other Anti-diabetic Therapy.","authors":"Michael Ashamalla, Irini Youssef, Mena Yacoub, Apoorva Jayarangaiah, Nikita Gupta, Justina Ray, Sadat Iqbal, Regina Miller, Joie Singh, Samy I McFarlane","doi":"10.17352/2455-8583.000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8583.000032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between Diabetes and cancer has been known for decades with obesity and insulin resistance being postulated as the main underlying risk factors for both disorders. With rise of the epidemic of obesity in the USA and around the globe, there has been a rise in diabetes that is currently reaching epidemic proportions. Diabetes is known to be associated with increased risk of several types of malignancy including breast, cervical, pancreatic and colon cancer. In this review, we discuss the epidemic of obesity and its consequential epidemic of diabetes highlighting the pathophysiologic mechanisms of increased cancer in the diabetic population. We will then discuss the role of insulin therapy as well as, other antidiabetic medications, particularly metformin that has been to be associated with lower risk as well as better survival with GI malignancies based on several studies including a study that was recently published by our group.</p>","PeriodicalId":73168,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10536831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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