Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100226
Mudassar Fiaz Gondal, Noor Ul Sabah Butt, Usama Iftkhar, Hamna Atique, Jawad Abbasi, Muhammad Omer Fraz, Hafsa Atique, Saad Ahmed
Conjoined twins, a rare anomaly in which same-sex fetuses are partially or completely joined, present unique challenges in diagnosis and management. This article reports the first successful operative separation of pyopagus conjoint twins in Pakistan, an achievement in a low-resource setting. The female twins, diagnosed prenatally, underwent a planned cesarean section at 37 weeks. The initial physical examination revealed an 18 cm conjoined area with a shared anal opening. Postnatal monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit detected abdominal distension, leading to pelvicdivided colostomies. A multidisciplinary team, including gynaecologists, anesthesiologists, pediatric medicine specialists, neurosurgeons, and pediatric surgeons, collaborated on the operative procedure of the six-month-olds. The process involved bone removal, dural incision, and anorectoplasty. Postoperatively, one twin experienced cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which was managed conservatively. The twins were discharged after a week with a one-month follow-up.
{"title":"Beyond conjoined: A tale of successful separation of pyopagus twins","authors":"Mudassar Fiaz Gondal, Noor Ul Sabah Butt, Usama Iftkhar, Hamna Atique, Jawad Abbasi, Muhammad Omer Fraz, Hafsa Atique, Saad Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conjoined twins, a rare anomaly in which same-sex fetuses are partially or completely joined, present unique challenges in diagnosis and management. This article reports the first successful operative separation of pyopagus conjoint twins in Pakistan, an achievement in a low-resource setting. The female twins, diagnosed prenatally, underwent a planned cesarean section at 37 weeks. The initial physical examination revealed an 18 cm conjoined area with a shared anal opening. Postnatal monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit detected abdominal distension, leading to pelvicdivided colostomies. A multidisciplinary team, including gynaecologists, anesthesiologists, pediatric medicine specialists, neurosurgeons, and pediatric surgeons, collaborated on the operative procedure of the six-month-olds. The process involved bone removal, dural incision, and anorectoplasty. Postoperatively, one twin experienced cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which was managed conservatively. The twins were discharged after a week with a one-month follow-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000940/pdfft?md5=5f26999914e73a3c5bfae8aaf00b9e33&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000940-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100225
Maria Kinsey , Arti Shankar , Waylon J. Hastings , Maureen Lichtveld , Noelle Martin , Brooke Maglia Batista , Anisma Gokoel , Shellice Sairras , Lauren W.Y. McLester-Davis , Stacy Drury , Wilco Zijlmans
Background
Access to efficient, culturally relevant, and validated measures of neurodevelopment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) remains a critical need. This study describes the validation and reliability of the Child Development Review (CDR), a parent report neurodevelopmental screening tool, for use in a cohort of Surinamese children aged 2–4 years.
Subjects
Complete data from 355 Surinamese children through the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health were utilized for validation. Convergent validity was assessed using a subset of 31 children with concurrently administered CDRs and Bayley Scales of Infant and Child Development Third Edition (BSID-III).
Methods
Cronbach's alpha was used to assess subscale reliability. Cluster analyses were used to assess internal factor structure. Measures of convergent validity used Cohen's Kappa statistic and partial correlations between comparative CDR and BSID-III subscales.
Results
Cronbach's Alpha values were acceptable for all CDR subscales (range 0.63 - 0.79). CDR subscale responses clustered into two distinct groups, representing milestones that were or were not achieved. Patterns of change indicate increased milestone achievement with increased age. Partial correlations indicated that the social, fine motor, and language subscales of the CDR and BSID-III subscales were significantly correlated. However, Cohen's Kappa was only significant for the gross motor CDR and BSID-III subscales.
Conclusions
The CDR has acceptable reliability, internal validity, and convergent validity. Use of the CDR should be considered as a screening tool for neurodevelopment in Suriname and may provide an efficient initial assessment of developmental delay in LMIC.
{"title":"The utility of the child development review in Suriname: Validating a neurodevelopmental screener for use in a low- to middle- income Country","authors":"Maria Kinsey , Arti Shankar , Waylon J. Hastings , Maureen Lichtveld , Noelle Martin , Brooke Maglia Batista , Anisma Gokoel , Shellice Sairras , Lauren W.Y. McLester-Davis , Stacy Drury , Wilco Zijlmans","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Access to efficient, culturally relevant, and validated measures of neurodevelopment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) remains a critical need. This study describes the validation and reliability of the Child Development Review (CDR), a parent report neurodevelopmental screening tool, for use in a cohort of Surinamese children aged 2–4 years.</p></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><p>Complete data from 355 Surinamese children through the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health were utilized for validation. Convergent validity was assessed using a subset of 31 children with concurrently administered CDRs and Bayley Scales of Infant and Child Development Third Edition (BSID-III).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cronbach's alpha was used to assess subscale reliability. Cluster analyses were used to assess internal factor structure. Measures of convergent validity used Cohen's Kappa statistic and partial correlations between comparative CDR and BSID-III subscales.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cronbach's Alpha values were acceptable for all CDR subscales (range 0.63 - 0.79). CDR subscale responses clustered into two distinct groups, representing milestones that were or were not achieved. Patterns of change indicate increased milestone achievement with increased age. Partial correlations indicated that the social, fine motor, and language subscales of the CDR and BSID-III subscales were significantly correlated. However, Cohen's Kappa was only significant for the gross motor CDR and BSID-III subscales.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The CDR has acceptable reliability, internal validity, and convergent validity. Use of the CDR should be considered as a screening tool for neurodevelopment in Suriname and may provide an efficient initial assessment of developmental delay in LMIC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000939/pdfft?md5=2c5c80dbb738066eb7b2644f6c49417b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000939-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100223
Merih Cetinkaya
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common form of neonatal encephalopathy that develops due to perinatal asphyxia or ischemia in term and late-preterm infants. It is an important cause of significant neurological impairment and also mortality in newborns worldwide. The pathophysiology of HIE is multifactorial and involves complex cascades of cellular and biochemical events in the brain including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, respectively. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), is the only standard neuroprotective therapy for HIE and is associated with reduced composite outcome of death or major neurodevelopmental disability. However, although TH is beneficial, neonates with HIE still experience unacceptably high rate of devistating morbidities. Therefore, research for adjunctive therapies continue to further improve outcomes in infants with HIE. In this review, both TH and other promising adjunctive neuroprotective therapies are discussed for developing future treatment strategies.
缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)是足月儿和晚早产儿因围产期窒息或缺血而发生的最常见的新生儿脑病。它是导致全球新生儿严重神经功能损伤和死亡的重要原因。HIE 的病理生理学是多因素的,涉及大脑中复杂的细胞和生化事件级联,分别包括兴奋毒性、氧化应激、炎症和细胞死亡。治疗性低温(TH)是治疗 HIE 的唯一标准神经保护疗法,可减少死亡或严重神经发育障碍的综合结果。然而,尽管治疗性低温疗法有益,但患有 HIE 的新生儿仍会出现令人无法接受的高死亡率。因此,对辅助疗法的研究仍在继续,以进一步改善 HIE 婴儿的预后。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论 TH 和其他有前景的辅助神经保护疗法,以制定未来的治疗策略。
{"title":"Neuroprotective treatment options for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Therapeutic hypothermia and beyond","authors":"Merih Cetinkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common form of neonatal encephalopathy that develops due to perinatal asphyxia or ischemia in term and late-preterm infants. It is an important cause of significant neurological impairment and also mortality in newborns worldwide. The pathophysiology of HIE is multifactorial and involves complex cascades of cellular and biochemical events in the brain including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, respectively. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), is the only standard neuroprotective therapy for HIE and is associated with reduced composite outcome of death or major neurodevelopmental disability. However, although TH is beneficial, neonates with HIE still experience unacceptably high rate of devistating morbidities. Therefore, research for adjunctive therapies continue to further improve outcomes in infants with HIE. In this review, both TH and other promising adjunctive neuroprotective therapies are discussed for developing future treatment strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000915/pdfft?md5=cdf0a71b1ff18024db042aa41d5e0a9e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000915-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100222
Jason Louis Reyes , Sandra Salter , Frank Sanfilippo , Pamela Bradshaw , Bradley MacDonald
Objective
To review systematically the rationale for choice and use of monoclonal antibody and anti-cytokine therapy in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
Study design
A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) and preprint servers (MedRxiv and BioRxiv) between 01/01/2020 and 01/03/22. Studies were included if they had pediatric patients aged <21 years with multisystem inflammatory syndrome that had experienced the use of monoclonal antibodies and anti-cytokine therapy. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case reports, case series and case-control studies were included.
Results
Twenty observational studies with 726 patients were included. Anakinra, tocilizumab and infliximab were used in 9.9%, 6.9%, and 12.4% of the cases, respectively. The most common rationale for the initiation of emerging therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was for patients who presented with severe disease or refractory to first line therapy. Infliximab tended to be used because of its precedence in managing intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki Disease.
Conclusions
Use and choice of monoclonal antibody and anti-cytokine therapy seems to rely more on subjective clinician preferences than rigorous evidence-based studies. More studies exploring the exact pathogenesis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children are warranted to identify the key players of the cytokine storm that act as biological targets and their outcomes.
研究设计在2020年1月1日至3月22日期间,利用电子数据库(MEDLINE、Embase、Global Health、SCOPUS和Web of Science)和预印本服务器(MedRxiv和BioRxiv)进行了系统性综述。研究对象包括年龄在 21 岁以下、曾使用过单克隆抗体和抗细胞因子疗法的多系统炎症综合征儿科患者。纳入的研究包括随机对照试验、队列研究、病例报告、病例系列和病例对照研究。分别有9.9%、6.9%和12.4%的病例使用了阿纳金拉、妥西珠单抗和英夫利西单抗。启动儿童多系统炎症综合征新疗法的最常见原因是患者病情严重或对一线疗法难治。结论 单克隆抗体和抗细胞因子疗法的使用和选择似乎更多地依赖于临床医生的主观偏好,而非严谨的循证研究。有必要开展更多研究,探索儿童多系统炎症综合征的确切发病机制,以确定作为生物靶点的细胞因子风暴的关键参与者及其结果。
{"title":"Rationale for use for monoclonal antibody and anti-cytokine therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review","authors":"Jason Louis Reyes , Sandra Salter , Frank Sanfilippo , Pamela Bradshaw , Bradley MacDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To review systematically the rationale for choice and use of monoclonal antibody and anti-cytokine therapy in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) and preprint servers (MedRxiv and BioRxiv) between 01/01/2020 and 01/03/22. Studies were included if they had pediatric patients aged <21 years with multisystem inflammatory syndrome that had experienced the use of monoclonal antibodies and anti-cytokine therapy. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case reports, case series and case-control studies were included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty observational studies with 726 patients were included. Anakinra, tocilizumab and infliximab were used in 9.9%, 6.9%, and 12.4% of the cases, respectively. The most common rationale for the initiation of emerging therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was for patients who presented with severe disease or refractory to first line therapy. Infliximab tended to be used because of its precedence in managing intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki Disease.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Use and choice of monoclonal antibody and anti-cytokine therapy seems to rely more on subjective clinician preferences than rigorous evidence-based studies. More studies exploring the exact pathogenesis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children are warranted to identify the key players of the cytokine storm that act as biological targets and their outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000903/pdfft?md5=1d966f2cb78be62108518988834865fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000903-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advent of newer technologies and advances in internet and communication technologies, we must use the social media tools that have proved to be an integral asset in raising awareness, behaviour guidance and instilling positive dental attitudes and practices in children.
Aim
This review aims to discuss how the role of social media has evolved as an adjunctive tool in the field of paediatric dentistry.
Method
The review was outlined as per the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). A systematic search of various databases was done using relevant MeSH terms and other keywords. Categorisation of the relevant studies was done under the following themes for a comprehensive understanding of the role of social media in paediatric dentistry; a) General Statistics, b) Health promotion, c) Improvement in treatment outcomes, d) Practice building, and e) Ethical and Regulatory Practices.
Results and conclusion
Evolving role of social media in paediatric dentistry has significantly transformed communication, patient management and education within the field. However, with the increasing influence of social media, there is a critical need for regulation.
{"title":"The evolving role of social media in paediatric dentistry: A narrative review","authors":"Supriya Bhatara, Mousumi Goswami, Aditya Saxena, Prachi Pathak, Shivya Tuli, Bhawna Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the advent of newer technologies and advances in internet and communication technologies, we must use the social media tools that have proved to be an integral asset in raising awareness, behaviour guidance and instilling positive dental attitudes and practices in children.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This review aims to discuss how the role of social media has evolved as an adjunctive tool in the field of paediatric dentistry.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The review was outlined as per the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). A systematic search of various databases was done using relevant MeSH terms and other keywords. Categorisation of the relevant studies was done under the following themes for a comprehensive understanding of the role of social media in paediatric dentistry; a) General Statistics, b) Health promotion, c) Improvement in treatment outcomes, d) Practice building, and e) Ethical and Regulatory Practices.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><p>Evolving role of social media in paediatric dentistry has significantly transformed communication, patient management and education within the field. However, with the increasing influence of social media, there is a critical need for regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000897/pdfft?md5=64c4dd4f52d02a34e6c0e4b0eb58569c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000897-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preterm birth (birth at <37 completed weeks gestation) is a significant public heatlh concern worldwide. Important health, and developmental consequences of preterm birth include altered temperament development, with greater dysregulation and distress proneness.
Aims
The present study leveraged advanced quantitative techniques, namely machine learning approaches, to discern the contribution of narrowly defined and broadband temperament dimensions to birth status classification (full-term vs. preterm). Along with contributing to the literature addressing temperament of infants born preterm, the present study serves as a methodological demonstration of these innovative statistical techniques.
Study design
This study represents a metanalysis conducted with multiple samples (N = 19) including preterm (n = 201) children and (n = 402) born at term, with data combined across investigations to perform classification analyses.
Subjects
Participants included infants born preterm and term-born comparison children, either matched on chronological age or age adjusted for prematurity.
Outcome measures
Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form (IBQ-R VSF) was completed by mothers, with factor and item-level data considered herein.
Results and conclusions
Accuracy estimates were generally similar regardless of the comparison groups. Results indicated a slightly higher accuracy and efficiency for IBQR-VSF item-based models vs. factor-level models. Divergent patterns of feature importance (i.e., the extent to which a factor/item contributed to classification) were observed for the two comparison groups (chronological age vs. adjusted age) using factor-level scores; however, itemized models indicated that the two most critical items were associated with effortful control and negative emotionality regardless of comparison group.
{"title":"Leveraging machine learning to study how temperament scores predict pre-term birth status","authors":"Erich Seamon , Jennifer.A. Mattera , Sarah.A. Keim , Esther.M. Leerkes , Jennifer.L. Rennels , Andrea.J. Kayl , Kirsty.M. Kulhanek , Darcia Narvaez , Sarah.M. Sanborn , Jennifer.B. Grandits , Christine Dunkel Schetter , Mary Coussons-Read , Amanda.R. Tarullo , Sarah.J. Schoppe-Sullivan , Moriah.E. Thomason , Julie.M. Braungart-Rieker , Julie.C. Lumeng , Shannon.N. Lenze , Lisa M. Christian , Darby.E. Saxbe , Maria.A. Gartstein","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Preterm birth (birth at <37 completed weeks gestation) is a significant public heatlh concern worldwide. Important health, and developmental consequences of preterm birth include altered temperament development, with greater dysregulation and distress proneness.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The present study leveraged advanced quantitative techniques, namely machine learning approaches, to discern the contribution of narrowly defined and broadband temperament dimensions to birth status classification (full-term vs. preterm). Along with contributing to the literature addressing temperament of infants born preterm, the present study serves as a methodological demonstration of these innovative statistical techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>This study represents a metanalysis conducted with multiple samples (<em>N</em> = 19) including preterm (<em>n</em> = 201) children and (<em>n</em> = 402) born at term, with data combined across investigations to perform classification analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><p>Participants included infants born preterm and term-born comparison children, either matched on chronological age or age adjusted for prematurity.</p></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><p>Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form (IBQ-R VSF) was completed by mothers, with factor and item-level data considered herein.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><p>Accuracy estimates were generally similar regardless of the comparison groups. Results indicated a slightly higher accuracy and efficiency for IBQR-VSF item-based models vs. factor-level models. Divergent patterns of feature importance (i.e., the extent to which a factor/item contributed to classification) were observed for the two comparison groups (chronological age vs. adjusted age) using factor-level scores; however, itemized models indicated that the two most critical items were associated with effortful control and negative emotionality regardless of comparison group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000885/pdfft?md5=1a2af592f73c14d491cf4291a9e9e8ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000885-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100218
Laura Reali , Arianna Turriziani Colonna , Shimon Barak
The significant advancement that medicine has achieved in the past century is the transition from a focus on "treating the sick" to a focus on "caring for health." The focus of pediatric primary care (PPC) is to care for the health and well-being of infants, children, and adolescents in their environment. It places emphasis on their autonomy and personal well-being while also involving parents, guardians, and caregivers. They provide this care within their family, community, and culture. Primary care pediatricians (PCPs) play a vital role in tackling global child health issues such as complex and chronic non-communicable diseases or refugee children. The primary focus of the ECPCP core curriculum for PCPs and the WHO's Pocketbook is to highlight the importance of enhancing primary healthcare, namely through the integration of comprehensive management for all pediatric disorders and conditions. PCPs should receive training on accessibility, closeness, continuity, and trust, as well as collaboration with related specialists. The ECPCP curriculum emphasizes fundamental subjects and abilities that are crucial for future PCPs.
{"title":"The past and the future of paediatric primary care","authors":"Laura Reali , Arianna Turriziani Colonna , Shimon Barak","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The significant advancement that medicine has achieved in the past century is the transition from a focus on \"treating the sick\" to a focus on \"caring for health.\" The focus of pediatric primary care (PPC) is to care for the health and well-being of infants, children, and adolescents in their environment. It places emphasis on their autonomy and personal well-being while also involving parents, guardians, and caregivers. They provide this care within their family, community, and culture. Primary care pediatricians (PCPs) play a vital role in tackling global child health issues such as complex and chronic non-communicable diseases or refugee children. The primary focus of the ECPCP core curriculum for PCPs and the WHO's Pocketbook is to highlight the importance of enhancing primary healthcare, namely through the integration of comprehensive management for all pediatric disorders and conditions. PCPs should receive training on accessibility, closeness, continuity, and trust, as well as collaboration with related specialists. The ECPCP curriculum emphasizes fundamental subjects and abilities that are crucial for future PCPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000861/pdfft?md5=286f567a86c3238adfd7cbd71f2497df&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000861-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100219
Marlene Rosager Lund Pedersen , Silja Høyer Preisler , Julie Nicoline Østergaard Bang , Danae Dinkel , Lise Hestbæk
In Denmark, health visitors play a crucial role in identifying early motor skill difficulties. In 74 % of the Danish municipalities, they use a motor skill assessment tool for infants aged 9–11 months, consisting of evaluating nine motor milestones. The assessment results in one of three remarks: 'age-appropriate motor development', ‘heightened attention required', or 'intervention needed'. This article aims to: 1) determine the relative importance of each milestone in the overall assessment score, 2) investigate the consistencies in test usage across municipalities, and 3) explore factors influencing health visitors' assessments. This mixed methods study utilizes questionnaires and interviews with health visitors from two municipalities. Findings indicate a general consistency in the importance of each motor milestone in both municipalities, with the exception of the milestone 'chews food with a coarser consistency and takes an interest in eating by him/herself.' The health visitors also consider the achievement of the nine-motor milestones more important as the child gets older. Health visitors in both municipalities follow a uniform approach, emphasizing continuous child development over specific motor milestone achievement. They also consider factors like interaction, sensory perception, overall and social development, and the joy of movement, which are not part of the formal assessment. This illustrates that the health visitors have a dynamic system approach to testing motor development, broadening the motor assessment beyond the tool's milestones.
{"title":"A tool to assess early motor skill development: A study of Danish health visitors’ practice","authors":"Marlene Rosager Lund Pedersen , Silja Høyer Preisler , Julie Nicoline Østergaard Bang , Danae Dinkel , Lise Hestbæk","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Denmark, health visitors play a crucial role in identifying early motor skill difficulties. In 74 % of the Danish municipalities, they use a motor skill assessment tool for infants aged 9–11 months, consisting of evaluating nine motor milestones. The assessment results in one of three remarks: 'age-appropriate motor development', ‘heightened attention required', or 'intervention needed'. This article aims to: 1) determine the relative importance of each milestone in the overall assessment score, 2) investigate the consistencies in test usage across municipalities, and 3) explore factors influencing health visitors' assessments. This mixed methods study utilizes questionnaires and interviews with health visitors from two municipalities. Findings indicate a general consistency in the importance of each motor milestone in both municipalities, with the exception of the milestone 'chews food with a coarser consistency and takes an interest in eating by him/herself.' The health visitors also consider the achievement of the nine-motor milestones more important as the child gets older. Health visitors in both municipalities follow a uniform approach, emphasizing continuous child development over specific motor milestone achievement. They also consider factors like interaction, sensory perception, overall and social development, and the joy of movement, which are not part of the formal assessment. This illustrates that the health visitors have a dynamic system approach to testing motor development, broadening the motor assessment beyond the tool's milestones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000873/pdfft?md5=9cf8cade5f7d13c9d4aa07e73e858ca1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000873-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osteogenesis imperfecta type II is a rare congenital anomaly that usually causes death in utero or shortly after birth.
Case Presentation
This study reports a rare case of osteogenesis imperfecta type II in an Afghan girl who was one day old. The defect was accompanied by a patent ductus arteriosus, severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, sepsis, severe thrombocytopenia, and low birth weight during the first four days of life. These disorders were diagnosed by medical history, physical examination, blood investigation, computed tomography, x-ray, and doppler ultrasonography. On the fifth day of life, the newborn suffered an abrupt cardio-pulmonary arrest that resulted in her death, presumably due to brainstem compression or severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
Conclusion
Osteogenesis imperfecta type II can result in life-threatening complications during the first week of life.
{"title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta type II with patent ductus arteriosus, severe persistent pulmonary hypertension, sepsis and severe thrombocytopenia in a neonate: A case report","authors":"Mansoor Aslamzai , Mohammad Sharif Sediqi , Mohmand Mangal , Ataullah Shinwarie","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Osteogenesis imperfecta type II is a rare congenital anomaly that usually causes death in utero or shortly after birth.</p></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><p>This study reports a rare case of osteogenesis imperfecta type II in an Afghan girl who was one day old. The defect was accompanied by a patent ductus arteriosus, severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, sepsis, severe thrombocytopenia, and low birth weight during the first four days of life. These disorders were diagnosed by medical history, physical examination, blood investigation, computed tomography, x-ray, and doppler ultrasonography. On the fifth day of life, the newborn suffered an abrupt cardio-pulmonary arrest that resulted in her death, presumably due to brainstem compression or severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Osteogenesis imperfecta type II can result in life-threatening complications during the first week of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266700972400071X/pdfft?md5=8440e903f407a366a14cb6ed93fb7f65&pid=1-s2.0-S266700972400071X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100202
Giuseppe Buonocore
The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining human health, particularly in the intricate relationship between stable microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract and the early development of host immunity. After birth, the maturation of immune cells and the gut microbiome occur simultaneously, adapting to the complexities of the gut environment. The close link between the gut microbiome and the immune system has far-reaching implications, influencing the onset of several diseases in infants and young children, such as food allergies, necrotizing colitis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Consequently, the composition of the infant gut microbiome serves as a predictive factor for disease risk and progression. The establishment of a symbiosis between the immune system and the gut microbiome has significant implications for susceptibility or resistance to disease later in life. Maternal factors, including mode of delivery and feeding practices, exert a significant influence on the infant gut microbiota.
{"title":"Microbiota and gut immunity in infants and young children","authors":"Giuseppe Buonocore","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining human health, particularly in the intricate relationship between stable microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract and the early development of host immunity. After birth, the maturation of immune cells and the gut microbiome occur simultaneously, adapting to the complexities of the gut environment. The close link between the gut microbiome and the immune system has far-reaching implications, influencing the onset of several diseases in infants and young children, such as food allergies, necrotizing colitis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Consequently, the composition of the infant gut microbiome serves as a predictive factor for disease risk and progression. The establishment of a symbiosis between the immune system and the gut microbiome has significant implications for susceptibility or resistance to disease later in life. Maternal factors, including mode of delivery and feeding practices, exert a significant influence on the infant gut microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000708/pdfft?md5=2680013c3afe54bda6cb331360134410&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000708-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}