Global pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Psychobiotic properties of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in paediatric neurological disorders","authors":"Maria Teresa Rocchetti ,&nbsp;Mariagiovanna Di Chiano ,&nbsp;Iman Elouardi ,&nbsp;Daniela Fiocco","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have highlighted a close relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and paediatric neurological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, cerebral palsy (CP). In the last decades, the relevance of a strong connection between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, i.e., the gut-brain axis, has been broadly ascertained. Through this association, gut microbes contribute to shape development, physiology, and cognitive functions of the brain. The bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and brain involves a complex set of molecular signals that influence synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, mood, and the brain's excitatory-inhibitory balance. Microbial metabolites play a fundamental role in modulating brain activity. Emerging scientific evidence suggests that neurological and psychiatric conditions, including ASD, ADHD, anxiety, and depression, may not simply stem from brain malfunctions, but rather from imbalances in the gut microbiota, which contribute to disrupt brain function and development. In this context, psychobiotics, i.e., a specific group of probiotic microorganisms, have garnered interest for their potential to modulate brain functions. Several pre-clinical studies on psychobiotics have shown promising results in managing paediatric neurological disorders, including ASD and ADHD. However, there is only a limited number of clinical studies to support the use of psychobiotics as therapeutics. This review summarizes and discusses the link between gut microbiota and neurological disorders in children, and the current status of studies investigating the potential application of psychobiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria for treating these paediatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles vaccination dropout and its associated factors among children aged 15-23 months in Qardho district, Northeastern Somalia: A community-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Mohamed Yusuf ,&nbsp;Agumasie Semahegn ,&nbsp;Gezahegn Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Maleda Tefera","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although childhood vaccination is highly effective in preventing measles infection, dropout from the vaccination schedule remains a significant public health challenge in Low- and Middle-Income countries, including Somalia. There is a paucity of research evidence on the magnitude and the factors contributing to it in the study setting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of measles vaccination dropout and its associated factors among children aged 15–23 months in Qardho district, Northeastern, Somalia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 372 randomly selected participants who live in Qardho district, Northeastern Somalia. Data were collected using a structured tool developed in an Open Data Kit and exported to Stata version 17.0 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with children’s dropout from measles vaccination. Adjusted odds ratio at a 95 % confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall magnitude of measles vaccination dropout was 42.5 % (95 % CI: 37.3, 47.6 %). Children with a birth order of 2–4 (AOR = 3.09, 95 % CI: 1.38, 6.94), and ≥ 5 (AOR = 4.25, 95 % CI: 1.90, 9.48), born to a merchant mother (AOR = 3.63, 95 % CI: 1.64, 8.04), and whose mothers/caregivers had a negative attitude towards vaccination (AOR = 3.82, 95 % CI: 2.18, 6.69) were more likely to dropout from measles vaccination. Children whose mothers attended at least primary level of education (AOR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.12, 0.68), whose fathers attended primary education and above (AOR = 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.08, 0.81), and children from middle-income families (AOR = 0.32, 95 % CI: 0.13, 0.79) were less likely to experience measles vaccination dropout.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study highlight that two in five children dropped out of the measles vaccine program. Parental educational status, attitude towards vaccination, mother’s occupation, family income and child’s birth order were significantly associated with measles vaccination dropout. Future intervention strategies could focus on promoting a positive attitude towards the vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising incidence of feticide, neonaticide, and infanticide in Pakistan: An emerging crisis","authors":"Muneeb Saifullah ,&nbsp;Fatima Yasin ,&nbsp;Mishal Ihsan ,&nbsp;Qasim Mehmood ,&nbsp;Syed Ali Ahsan ,&nbsp;Abbas M Mehdi ,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feticide, neonaticide, and infanticide are serious crimes under the law; however, they remain prevalent in South Asian countries, including Pakistan. Female feticide is much more common due to a preference for males based on social, economic, and cultural needs. Other contributing factors include poverty, Low literacy, honor killings, and unwanted or illegal pregnancies. Police rarely pursue these cases. This lack of accountability emboldens perpetrators and silences survivors. By improving education, health services, economic conditions, and legal accountability, Pakistan can begin to reduce the tragic incidence of feticide, neonaticide, and infanticide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of multi-morbidity cluster for under five children in Tanzania","authors":"Marystella Vicent,&nbsp;Maurice C.Y. Mbago,&nbsp;Amina S. Msengwa","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite progress in child health interventions, anemia, malaria, and fever remain prominent public health concerns for children under five in Tanzania. Geographic variability may influence disease patterns, necessitating the identification of high-risk clusters to inform targeted interventions. This study aimed to assess the spatial clustering of these three conditions among Tanzanian under-five children using three nationally representative surveys.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, survey-based design was employed using data from the 2007–08 and 2011–12 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Surveys (THMIS) and the 2015–16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS). In total, 19,832 under-five children were included across the three surveys. Prevalences of anemia, malaria, and fever were determined, and spatial analyses were performed using STATA version 16, ArcGIS version 10.3, and SaTScan software. Moran’s I was calculated to test spatial autocorrelation, and the SaTScan Bernoulli model identified clusters with elevated risks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 5551 children from the 2007–08 THMIS, 6458 from the 2011–12 THMIS, and 7823 from the 2015–16 TDHS-MIS were analyzed. Anemia was the most prevalent condition, with rates ranging from 57.4 % to 69.7 %, followed by fever (18.6 % to 22.4 %), and malaria (9.3 % to 12.5 %). Spatial autocorrelation tests indicated non-random clustering for these conditions, with Moran’s I values ranging from 0.538 to 0.975 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). SaTScan analyses revealed recurrent high-risk clusters in Kigoma, Ruvuma, Lindi, and Mtwara across the three surveys. These clusters were statistically significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and highlighted persistent hotspots of childhood morbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study demonstrates pronounced spatial clustering of anemia, malaria, and fever among under-five children in Tanzania. Key regions including Kigoma, Ruvuma, Lindi, and Mtwara consistently emerged as hotspots. Targeted health interventions in these high-risk areas, including integrated approaches addressing multiple coexisting conditions, are critical for reducing disease burden and improving child health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 6.2 Kg macrosomia in a non-diabetic mother managed with no adverse outcomes in a resource limited setting: A case report","authors":"Farhan Yusuf Sharif ,&nbsp;Abdiwali mohamed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abdikafi Ibrahim Khayre ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hassan Osman ,&nbsp;Joshua Muhumuza","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and importance</h3><div>When a baby's birth weight surpasses the 90th percentile for a certain gestational week, it is referred to as macrosomia. The growing prevalence of fetal macrosomia presents an impending concern in the field of obstetrics. Numerous complications for both the mother and the fetus are linked to macrosomia. We present a case of macrosomia that weighed 6.2 kg, delivered in a low resource setting in which no early neonatal or maternal complication occurred.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We present a 41-year-old woman gravida 8 para 7 + 0 that presented at 42 weeks of amenorrhea. On examination at admission, the body mass index was 42.5kg/m2, Ultrasonography was suggestive of severe oligohydramnios with an estimated fetal weight of 5.5 kg. The decision to deliver the baby by an elective cesarean section was made. The baby weighed 6.2 kg and did not have any physical abnormalities. At discharge, both the mother and baby were healthy.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical discussion</h3><div>A positive outcome requires tailored therapy for each patient because macrosomia is linked to numerous maternal and fetal complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Making a timely decision to have a cesarean delivery when indicated, as was done in this instance, can lower the rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome and its predictors of children with nosocomial infection in ayder pediatric ICU, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Hansa Haftu Lemma ,&nbsp;Abdikarin Ahmed Mohamed ,&nbsp;Amanuel Hadgu ,&nbsp;Teklu Gebrehiwot Gebremichael","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objectives of this study were to assess the outcomes and predictors of nosocomial infections in pediatric patients.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A hospital-based retrospective observational study and a consecutive sampling technique were used to collect data. Categorical data were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analysis was also used to assess survival. P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 45 patients who developed nosocomial infections were analyzed. The incidence density of nosocomial infection was 41.1 per 1000 patient-days. Most patients were male (53.3 %) and under 14 (75.6 %), with a median age of 1 year. Statistically significant variables associated with increased mortality included female gender, transfer from the ward, prolonged maintenance fluid duration (&gt;3 days), the need for mechanical ventilation, and the presence of comorbid illnesses, as indicated by chi-square analysis. Patients with nosocomial infections had a longer hospital stay (20 days vs. 10 days) and a higher mortality rate (26.7 % vs. 19.1 %) compared to those without nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections resulted in an excess crude mortality rate of 7.5 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preventive measures should be prioritized given the identified risk factors for nosocomial infections. Patients with nosocomial infections are at an increased risk of mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry for early bone health: The REMS-bone study protocol (Trial acronym: REMS-bone)","authors":"Serafina Perrone ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Wasniewska ,&nbsp;Maria-Elisabeth Street ,&nbsp;Virginia Beretta ,&nbsp;Elena Scarpa ,&nbsp;Chiara Petrolini ,&nbsp;Andrea Dall’Asta ,&nbsp;Domenico Corica ,&nbsp;Tommaso Aversa ,&nbsp;Giorgia Pepe ,&nbsp;Letteria Morabito ,&nbsp;Federica Grassi ,&nbsp;Anna-Mariia Shulhai ,&nbsp;Valentina Bianco ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Papini ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Albertini ,&nbsp;Silvia Carloni ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maglietta ,&nbsp;Matteo Puntoni ,&nbsp;Caterina Caminiti ,&nbsp;Tullio Ghi","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bone health begins with maternal health and nutrition, which influences skeletal mass and bone mineral density (BMD) already in utero. Maximization of bone mass during skeletal growth has become the goal of primary prevention of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The amount of bone gained during growth and its subsequent rate of loss are closely linked to the final skeletal mass in adulthood. Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) technology has proven to be useful in the assessment of BMD in pregnant women. However, the feasibility of REMS for the assessment of bone status in newborns remains unknown. This multicenter longitudinal study aims at using REMS to evaluate skeletal status in fetuses, newborns and children until 12 months of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two hundred mother-newborn dyads, with infants born at term of gestation, will be consecutively recruited during the prenatal period and followed up until 12 months of life. BMD will be assessed with REMS technology in mothers, fetuses, newborns and infants at 1, 3 6 and 12 months of life. In all enrolled patients, blood will be collected at specific time points and oxidative stress biomarkers, specific microRNAs, and several bone metabolites will be measured in blood, whereas endocrine disruptors will be measured in urine.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study is designed to provide robust data on the best method to identify and evaluate bone status starting from intrauterine life. The associations among BMD, maternal nutrition, early exposure to endocrine disruptors, and other investigated molecules will also be investigated in relationship with subsequent body composition and bone health.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>The protocol was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on December 3^rd, 2024, with the ID number NCT06750523.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fraser syndrome with extremely rare features of unilateral anophthalmia and penile torsion in an Afghan neonate: A case report","authors":"Turyalai Hakimi ,&nbsp;Mansoor Aslamzai","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fraser syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder with multiple organ-system abnormalities. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of clinical examination, and management requires a multidisciplinary approach.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div>We present a case of Fraser syndrome with very rare manifestations of unilateral anophthalmia and moderate penile torsion in an Afghan neonate who was born to a 16-year-old mother. Physical findings and a CT scan of the brain and eyes were used to diagnose the aforementioned syndrome. The surgical repairs of cryptophthalmos and penile torsion were planned to be performed after infancy, and the baby was discharged in good health.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anophthalmia and penile torsion are very rare components of Fraser syndrome. Very young maternal age may play a predisposing role in the pathogenesis of Fraser syndrome. The multiple organ defects in Fraser syndrome make this entity more challenging to deal with, particularly in low-resourced settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of timing for initiating formula feeding on the short-term prognosis of very low birth weight infants","authors":"Katsumi Mizuno","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>For very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, breast milk, particularly mothers' own milk (MOM), is the optimal nutrition. Donor human milk (DHM) is recommended when MOM is insufficient. However, the optimal timing for transitioning from DHM to formula remains unclear. This study examines the impact of formula initiation timing on complications in VLBW infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 744 VLBW infants (&lt;1500 g) who initiated enteral feeding with DHM within 24 hours of birth using a human milk bank database (2018–2024). Postmenstrual age (PMA) at formula initiation was assessed for associations with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), home oxygen therapy (HOT), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median PMA at formula initiation was 34.6 weeks. Delayed formula initiation reduced the risk of BPD, HOT, and NEC. Compared to formula initiation before 32 weeks, odds ratios for BPD ranged from 0.186 (34–36 weeks) to 0.239 (no formula). Formula initiation at 32–34 weeks significantly lowered ROP requiring treatment (OR 0.305). Logistic regression analysis indicated a trend toward reduced NEC risk when formula initiation occurred after 34 weeks (<em>p</em> = 0.0504).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Delaying formula initiation until after 34 weeks PMA reduces complications in VLBW infants. Early enteral nutrition with MOM or DHM within 24 hours of birth is crucial, and later formula introduction may provide better outcomes. Further studies are needed to refine feeding guidelines</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of survival of human immune deficiency virus infected children after commencing anti-retroviral therapy in Kembata-Tembaro zone: A facility-based retrospective cohort study","authors":"Tarekegn Tessema ,&nbsp;Mitiku Desalegn ,&nbsp;Lonsako Abute ,&nbsp;Tadele Yohannes","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>HIV infection is one of the most significant challenges to global health faced by care providers. On the other hand, malnutrition is prevalent in developing countries; it remains a serious problem among HIV-positive children even with the provision of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore determinants of survival of human immune deficiency virus-infected children after commencing Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Kembata-Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A facility-based retrospective cohort study was employed among 305 HIV-infected children on ART from May 5-June 4/2022 at public hospitals in Kembata-tembaro zone. The data were collected by using a checklist. Data were entered and cleaned using <em>Epi</em> info 3.5.3 and analysed using SPSS version 25.0 software. The cumulative survival time after initiation of ART was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. A Multivariable Cox proportional model was fitted to identify factors affecting survival after initiation of ART and variables having P value≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant predictors of mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 43(14.1 %) died with an overall survival rate of 3.3 per 1000 child-months of observation. Undernourished children had a lower survival time than well-nourished children with mean survival time of 92.7 and 62.3 months respectively. Children with advanced WHO clinical stage III or IV (AHR: 6.1; 95 %CI: 1.4, 26.7), severe wasting at the baseline (AHR: 8.7; 95 %CI: 3.2, 23.6), high viral load level (AHR: 3.5; 95 %CI: 0.15, 0.61) and fair/poor adherence to ART (AHR: 3.7; 95 %CI: 2.3, 13.5) were significantly associated with survival of HIV-positive children in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>a significant difference in survival time was observed between undernourished and well-nourished children with a high rate of mortality. Severe wasting, WHO clinical stage III or IV, high viral load level and fair/poor adherence were identified as the determinants of survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}